Song I-yeong
{{Short description|Korean astronomer (fl. 17th century)}}
{{Infobox person
|name=Song I-yeong
|birth_date=1619
|birth_place=
|death_date=1692 or before 1687
|death_place=
|father=Song Jeong-su ({{lang|han|宋庭修}})
|mother=Lady Gim ({{lang|han|金氏}})
|spouse=Lady Jo ({{lang|han|趙氏}})
|children=Song Gyeong-sim ({{lang|han|宋慶心}})
Song Gyeong-yun ({{lang|han|宋慶胤}})
Song Gyeong-yeom ({{lang|han|宋慶濂}})
}}
Song I-yeong ({{korean|송이영|宋以潁|mr=Song Iyŏng}},{{cite web|url=http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0031007|title=송이영(宋以潁)|last=Yu Gyeongro ({{Korean|hangul=유경로|labels=no}})|website=Encyclopedia of Korean Culture|language=ko|date=1996|accessdate=18 July 2021}} 1619–?) was a Korean court astronomer of the Joseon dynasty. He invented a weight-powered astronomical clock (possibly the Honcheonsigye) and contributed greatly to the implementation of the Shixian Calendar (from Qing China) in Joseon. He also made systematic observations of two comets.{{cite journal|url=https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO201810866006085.pdf|title=송이영(宋以頴)의 생애와 천문업적|trans-title=Life and Astronomical Contribution of Song, I-yeong|last1=Sang Hyuk Kim ({{lang|ko|김상혁}})|last2=Byeong-hee Mihn ({{lang|ko|민병희}})|last3=Yoon-kyung Seo ({{lang|ko|서윤경}})|last4=Yong Sam Lee ({{lang|ko|이용삼}})|language=ko|journal=Publications of the Korean Astronomical Society|year=2018|issue=33|pages=31–44|accessdate=18 July 2021}}
Armillary clock
In 1659, during the reign of King Hyeonjong, Song I-yeong made an astronomical clock by combining an armillary sphere, long used in East Asia, with the western alarm clock. The result was a device that could both trace the movements of the sun and the moon, as well as display and announce the time.{{cite book|last1=Kim|first1=Sang Hyuk|last2=Lee|first2=Yong Sam|chapter=Song I-Yeong's Armillary Clock |pages=2179–2195|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-1-4614-6141-8_249.pdf|title=Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4614-6140-1|year=2015|doi=10.1007/978-1-4614-6141-8_249 |editor-last=Ruggles|editor-link=Clive Ruggles|editor-first=Clive L.N.|accessdate=18 July 2021}}
The clock was repaired in 1687–1688, after which it disappeared from historical records. In the 1930s, Kim Seong-su purchased the honcheonsigye, which is still housed at Korea University. The historian of science Jeon Sang-woon ({{Korean|hangul=전상운|labels=no}}, {{lang|han|全相運}}), who examined the device in 1962, assumed that it was Song I-yeong's device, and the British historian of science Joseph Needham adopted this view.{{cite book |last1=Needham |first1=Joseph |title=The Hall of Heavenly Records: Korean astronomical instruments and clocks, 1380-1780 |date=1986 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |pages=110–151}} However, Gari Ledyard{{cite book |author1=Ledyard, Gary |authorlink1=Gari Ledyard |editor1-last=Hartley |editor1-first=J.B. |editor2-last=Woodward |editor2-first=David |title=The History of Cartography, Vol.2, book 2: Cartography in the Traditional East and Southeast Asian Societies |date=1994 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |pages=249–253 |chapter=Cartography in Korea}} and O Sang-hak ({{Korean|hangul=오상학|labels=no}}) have separately argued that the object dates from much later.{{cite book |last1=O |first1=Sanghag |title=Joseon Sidae Segye Jido Wa Segye Insig 조선 시대 세계 지도 와 세계 인식 (Joseon World Maps and Knowledge of the World) |date=2011 |publisher=Changbi 창비 |location=Paju 파주 |pages=193–202}}
References
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Category:17th-century Korean scientists