Sophora cassioides
{{Short description|Species of legume}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Sophoracassioides14.jpg
|status = NT
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_ref =
|genus = Sophora
|species = cassioides
|synonyms_ref = {{cite journal | author = Heenan PB. | year = 2001 | title = The correct name for Chilean pelú (Fabaceae): the identity of Edwardsia macnabiana and the reinstatement of Sophora cassioides | journal = New Zealand J Bot | volume = 39 | issue = 1 | pages = 167–170 | doi = 10.1080/0028825X.2001.9512725 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2001NZJB...39..167H }}
|synonyms = * Edwardsia macnabiana Graham
- Edwardsia cassioides F.Phil.
- Sophora macnabiana (Grah.) Skottsb.
- Sophora microphylla subsp. macnabiana (Graham) Yakovlev
- Sophora tetraptera sensu Reiche
}}
Sophora cassioides is a legume tree endemic to central and southern Chile. It is one of the two species of Sophora endemic to continental Chile along with Sophora macrocarpa (other species are endemic to insular Chile).{{Cite journal |last1=Rodriguez |first1=Roberto |last2=Marticorena |first2=Clodomiro |last3=Alarcón |first3=Diego |last4=Baeza |first4=Carlos |last5=Cavieres |first5=Lohengrin |last6=Finot |first6=Víctor L. |last7=Fuentes |first7=Nicol |last8=Kiessling |first8=Andrea |last9=Mihoc |first9=Maritza |last10=Pauchard |first10=Aníbal |last11=Ruiz |first11=Eduardo |last12=Sanchez |first12=Paulina |last13=Marticorena |first13=Alicia |last14=Rodriguez |first14=Roberto |last15=Marticorena |first15=Clodomiro |date=2018 |title=Catalogue of the vascular plants of Chile |url=http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0717-66432018000100001&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en |journal=Gayana Botánica |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=1–430 |doi=10.4067/S0717-66432018000100001 |issn=0717-6643|doi-access=free }}
Distribution
It is an endemic from South Chile and Gough Island.Wace NM. 1961. The Vegetation of Gough Island Ecological Monographs, 31: 337–367. In South America it is found between Constitución and Puyuhuapi. It prefers shady places in Myrtaceae stands, alongside Drimys, Caldcluvia, and other hygrophyllous species. Putative hybrids with Sophora macrocarpa have been described at Bullileo (Linares). It is also found in coastal areas associated with the Peumus boldus–Persea lingue alliance.{{cite book |vauthors=Smith-Ramírez C, Armesto JJ, Valdovinos C | year = 2005 | title = Historia, biodiversidad y ecología de los bosques costeros de Chile |trans-title=History, biodiversity, and ecology of the coastal forests of Chile | language = Spanish | location = Santiago, Chile | publisher = Editorial Universitaria | pages = 708 | isbn = 9789561117778 }}
Phylogeny
Sophora represents a polyphyletic assemblage. Series Tetrapterae (sensu Tsoong & Ma{{cite journal |vauthors=((Tsoong P-C)), ((Ma C-Y)) | year = 1981 | title = A study on the genus Sophora Linn. | url = http://www.plantsystematics.com/qikan/manage/wenzhang/FL19-1-1.pdf | journal = Acta Phytotaxon Sin | volume = 19 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–22 }}{{cite journal |vauthors=((Tsoong P-C)), ((Ma C-Y)) | year = 1981 | title = A study on the genus Sophora Linn. (Cont.) | url = http://www.plantsystematics.com/qikan/manage/wenzhang/FL19-2-1.pdf | journal = Acta Phytotaxon Sin | volume = 19 | issue = 2 | pages = 143–167 }}), including Sophora cassioides and Sophora macrocarpa, forms a monophyletic group with Eurasian species like as Sophora flavescens Ait. and Asian Sophora alopecuroides L., suggesting a west or northwest Pacific origin.{{cite journal |vauthors=Hurr KA, Lockhart PJ, Heenan PB, Penny D | year = 1999 | title = Evidence for the recent dispersal of Sophora (Leguminosae) around the Southern Oceans: molecular data | journal = J Biogeogr | volume = 26 | issue = 3 | pages = 565–577 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2699.1999.00302.x | jstor = 2656144 | bibcode = 1999JBiog..26..565H }}{{cite journal |vauthors=Heenan PB, de Lange PJ, Wilton AD | year = 2001 | title = Sophora (Fabaceae) in New Zealand: taxonomy, distribution, and biogeography | journal = New Zealand J Bot | volume = 39 | issue = 1 | pages = 17–53 | doi = 10.1080/0028825X.2001.9512715 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2001NZJB...39...17H }}{{cite journal |vauthors=Michell AB, Heenan PB | year = 2002 | title = Sophora sect. Edwardsia (Fabaceae): further evidence from nrDNA sequence data of a recent and rapid radiation around the Southern Oceans | journal = Bot J Linn Soc | volume = 140 | issue = 4 | pages = 435–441 | doi = 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00101.x | doi-access = free }} The genus Sophora is estimated to have arrived in New Zealand 9.6–8.9 million years ago (in the Neogene).