Sougb language
{{Short description|Papuan language spoken in Indonesia}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Sougb
|altname=Manikion
|nativename={{lang|mnx|Sougb}}
|region=Soug Jaya District, Teluk Wondama Regency, West Papua
|pushpin_map = Indonesia_Western New Guinea#Southeast Asia
|coordinates = {{coord|-1.50|133.95|region:ID-PB}}
|speakers=12,000
|date=1987
|ref = e18
|familycolor=Papuan
|fam1=West Papuan?
|fam2=East Bird's Head
|fam3=Mantion–Meax
|iso3=mnx
|glotto=mani1235
|glottorefname=Sougb
}}
Sougb, or Sogh, is a Papuan language of the East Bird's Head language family spoken in the east of the Bird's Head Peninsula to the east of Meyah and to the south of Manokwari, including the area of Soug Jaya District, Teluk Wondama Regency. It consists of four dialects and is spoken by around 12,000 people in all. The language is alternatively known as Mantion, or Manikion, an originally derogatory term used by the Biak people.{{Cite book| last1 = Berry| first1 = Christine| last2 = Berry| first2 = Keith| date = 1999| title = A description of Abun: a west Papuan language of Irian Jaya| publisher = Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University| isbn = 0-85883-482-0| url = https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/37707| page=2}}
Distribution
- Pegunungan Arfak Regency
- Anggi District
- Manokwari Regency
- Manokwari Barat District (in Ayambori village) and Warmare District
- Manokwari Selatan Regency
- Dataran Isim District: Tubes and Duhugesa villages
- Manokwari Selatan Regency (Bohon dialect)
- Tahota District: Seimeba village
- Teluk Bintuni Regency (Raw dialect)
- Manimeri District: Atibo, Pasamai, and Botai villages
- Bintuni District: Bintuni village
- Teluk Wondama Regency (Wepu dialect)
- Sougb Jaya District: Kaprus, Siresi, Yarmatum, Reyob, and Nuspairo villages
- Rumberpon District: Iseren and Watitindau villages
Phonology
= Consonants =
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" |Labial ! rowspan="2" |Alveolar ! rowspan="2" |Palatal ! colspan="2" |Velar ! rowspan="2" |Glottal |
| plain
!lab. |
|---|
| rowspan="2" |Plosive
!voiceless |({{IPA link|p}}) |({{IPA link|t}}) |{{IPA link|c}} |{{IPA link|k}} | | |
| voiced
|{{IPA link|b}} |{{IPA link|d}} |{{IPA link|ɟ}} |{{IPA link|ɡ}} |{{IPA link|ɡʷ}} | |
| colspan="2" |Fricative
|{{IPA link|ɸ}} |{{IPA link|s}} | | | |{{IPA link|h}} |
| colspan="2" |Nasal
|{{IPA link|m}} |{{IPA link|n}} | | | | |
| colspan="2" |Liquid
| |{{IPA link|r}} ~ {{IPA link|l}} | | | | |
| colspan="2" |Approximant
|({{IPA link|w}}) | |({{IPA link|j}}) | | | |
- Stops /b, d/ are always voiced in word-initial and intervocalic positions, but are heard as voiceless [p, t] when in word-final positions.
- The lateral and trill sounds /l, r/ are only heard interchangeably, freely among speech.
- Glides [j, w] are heard as a result of /i, u/ within vowel sequences (such as /ei, ou, ai, au/).
- /ɡʷ/ is written as gb, and normally heard as {{IPAblink|ɡʷ̚}}. But it may also be heard as {{IPAblink|ɡʷ}}, {{IPAblink|ɡ͡b|ɡ͡bʷ}}, or {{IPAblink|ɣ|ɣʷ}} when in intervocalic positions.
- /n/ can be heard as a palatal {{IPAblink|ɲ}} when following /i/, and as a velar {{IPAblink|ŋ}} when preceding a velar stop.
- /h/ can be heard as {{IPAblink|x}} when in word-final position.
- /ɡ/ can also be heard as a voiced fricative {{IPAblink|ɣ}} in intervocalic positions.{{Cite book |last=Reesink |first=Ger P. |title=A Grammar Sketch of Sougb |publisher=Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University |year=2002 |location=In Ger P. Reesink (ed.), Languages of the Eastern Bird's Head |pages=181-276}}
= Vowels =
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- Materials on Sougb are included in the open access Arthur Capell ([http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/collections/AC1 AC1]) and Bert Voorhoeve ([http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/collections/CLV1 CLV1]) collections held by Paradisec.
- {{Cite book| last = Reesink| first = Ger P.|editor1= Ger P. Reesink | date = 2002| title = Languages of the Eastern Bird's Head| chapter = A Grammar Sketch of Sougb| series = Pacific Linguistics| volume = 524| publisher = Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University| location = Canberra| pages = 181–276| hdl = 1885/146144}}
{{West Papuan languages}}
{{Languages of Indonesia}}
Category:Languages of Western New Guinea
Category:Mantion–Meax languages
{{papuan-lang-stub}}