South African Class 12B 4-8-2
{{Short description|1920 design of steam locomotive}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use South African English|date=November 2013}}
{{Infobox locomotive
| name = South African Class 12B & 12R 4-8-2
| image = Class 12B no. 1931.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Class 12R no. 1931 at Port Elizabeth sheds, with Belpaire firebox, c. 1930
| hatnote = ♠ Class 12B as built with a Belpaire firebox
{{font color|red|♥}} Class 12R rebuilt with a Watson Standard boiler
| powertype = Steam
| designer = South African Railways
(D.A. Hendrie)
| builder = Baldwin Locomotive Works
| ordernumber =
| serialnumber = 52476, 52558-52559, 52583-52584, 52649-52651, 52690-52693, 52712-52713, 52723-52724, 52754-52767
| buildmodel = Class 12B
| builddate = 1920
| totalproduction = 30
| rebuilder =
| rebuilddate =
| numberrebuilt =
| whytetype = 4-8-2 (Mountain)
| uicclass = ♠ 2′D1’n2 – {{font color|red|♥}} 2′D1’h2
| driver = 2nd coupled axle
| gauge = {{Track gauge|Cape|allk=on}}
| leadingdiameter = {{convert|28+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| coupleddiameter = {{convert|51|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| trailingdiameter = {{convert|33|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| tenderdiameter = {{convert|34|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| minimumcurve =
| wheelbase = {{convert|58|ft|3+3/4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| engine total = {{convert|31|ft|9+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| leading = {{convert|6|ft|2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| coupled = {{convert|13|ft|6|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| trailing =
| tender total = {{convert|16|ft|9|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| tenderbogie = {{convert|4|ft|7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| pivotcentres =
| wheelspacing =
| length =
| over couplers = {{convert|66|ft|8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| over bufferbeams=
| width =
| height = ♠ {{convert|12|ft|10|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
{{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|12|ft|7+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| frametype = Plate
| axleload = ♠ {{convert|16|lt|15|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
{{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|17|lt|9|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| leadingbogie/pony= ♠ {{convert|15|lt|13|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
{{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|16|lt|2|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| coupled all =
| coupled 1 = ♠ {{convert|16|lt|13|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
{{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|16|lt|15|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| coupled 2 = ♠ {{convert|16|lt|15|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
{{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|17|lt|9|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| coupled 3 = ♠ {{convert|16|lt|14|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
{{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|16|lt|17|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| coupled 4 = ♠ {{convert|16|lt|15|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
{{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|16|lt|15|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| coupled 5 =
| coupled 6 =
| coupled 7 =
| coupled 8 =
| trail bogie/pony= ♠ {{convert|12|lt|4|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
{{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|11|lt|16|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| tenderbogieload = Bogie 1: {{convert|27|lt|10|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
Bogie 2: {{convert|23|lt|11|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| tenderaxle = {{convert|13|lt|15|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| weightondrivers = ♠ {{convert|66|lt|17|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
{{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|67|lt|16|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| locoweight = ♠ {{convert|94|lt|14|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
{{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|95|lt|14|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| tenderweight = {{convert|51|lt|1|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| locotenderweight = ♠ {{convert|145|lt|15|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
{{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|146|lt|15|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| tendertype = MP1 (2-axle bogies)
MP, MP1, MR, MS, MT, MT1, MT2, MX, MY, MY1 permitted
| fueltype = Coal
| fuelcap = {{convert|10|lt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| watercap = {{convert|4250|impgal|L|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}
| tendercap =
| sandcap =
| fireboxtype = ♠ Belpaire – {{font color|red|♥}} Round-top
| firearea = ♠ {{convert|40|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
{{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|37|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
| boiler = Watson Standard no. 2
| boilertype =
| pitch = ♠ {{convert|7|ft|7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
{{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|7|ft|8+1/4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| diameterinside = ♠{{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|5|ft|7+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| lengthinside = ♠ {{convert|20|ft|mm|0|abbr=on}}
{{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|19|ft|4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} steel
{{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|19|ft|3+5/8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| smalltubediameter= ♠ 139: {{convert|2+1/4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
{{font color|red|♥}} 87: {{convert|2+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| largetubediameter= ♠ 24: {{convert|5+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
{{font color|red|♥}} 30: {{convert|5+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| boilerpressure = ♠{{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|190|psi|kPa|0|abbr=on}}
| safetyvalvetype = ♠ Ramsbottom – {{font color|red|♥}} Pop
| feedwaterheater =
| totalsurface = ♠ {{convert|2488|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
{{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|2075|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
| tubearea = ♠ {{convert|2328|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
{{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|1933|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
| fluearea =
| tubesandflues =
| fireboxarea = ♠ {{convert|160|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
{{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|142|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
| superheatertype =
| superheaterarea = ♠ {{convert|574|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
{{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|492|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
| generator =
| cylindercount = Two
| cylindersize = {{convert|22+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} bore
{{convert|26|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} stroke
| frontcylindersize=
| rearcylindersize =
| hpcylindersize =
| lpcylindersize =
| valvegear = Walschaerts
| valvetype = Piston
| valvetravel =
| valvelap =
| valvelead =
| transmission =
| trainheating =
| locobrakes =
| trainbrakes =
| safety =
| coupling = Johnston link-and-pin
AAR knuckle (1930s)
| maxspeed =
| poweroutput =
| tractiveeffort = ♠{{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|36780|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} @ 75%
| factorofadhesion =
| locobrakeforce =
| operator = South African Railways
| operatorclass = Class 12B & 12R
| powerclass =
| numinclass = 30
| fleetnumbers = 1931–1960
| officialname =
| nicknames =
| axleloadclass =
| locale =
| deliverydate = 1920
| firstrundate = 1920
| lastrundate =
| withdrawndate = c. 1984
| preservedunits =
| restoredate =
| scrapdate =
| currentowner =
| disposition =
| notes = The leading coupled axle had flangeless wheels
}}
The South African Railways Class 12B 4-8-2 of 1920 was a steam locomotive.
In 1920, the South African Railways placed thirty Class 12B steam locomotives with a 4-8-2 Mountain type wheel arrangement in service.Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1945). The Locomotive in South Africa – A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter VII – South African Railways (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, October 1945. p. 780.{{Paxton-Bourne|pages=10–11, 54–56}}
Manufacturer
In May 1920, an additional thirty locomotives, built to the Class 12 design of SAR Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) D.A. Hendrie, were delivered to the South African Railways (SAR) from Baldwin Locomotive Works in the United States of America. Most of them were erected in the SAR workshops, but a few were contracted to James Brown and Company at Durban for erection. Even though they were very similar to the second and subsequent orders of the Class 12 which was also designed specifically for the Midland System, they were classified separately as Class 12B and numbered in the range from 1931 to 1960. Like the Class 12, they were also built with plate frames, Walschaerts valve gear and Belpaire fireboxes.{{Holland-Vol 2|pages=38–41, 82}}[https://sites.google.com/site/soulorailway/home/system-3-1/the-midland-main-line---part-2-paterson-to-alicedale Soul of A Railway, System 3, Part 10: The Midland Main Line, Part 2, Paterson to Alicedale. Captions 4, 31] (Accessed on 15 February 2017)
Classification
The separate 12B classification has been ascribed to the fact that the wheelbase of the leading bogie was {{convert|2|in|mm|0|abbr=off}} longer than on the original Class 12 locomotives. This was probably not the reason, bearing in mind that only the first eight out of altogether 46 Class 12 locomotives were built with leading bogies with a {{convert|6|ft|mm|0|abbr=off}} wheelbase, while the other thirty-eight all had leading bogies with a {{convert|6|ft|2|in|mm|0|abbr=off}} wheelbase, the same as the Class 12B. More likely, the separate classification was simply based on the fact that the Class 12 was British-built while the Class 12B was American-built.
Watson Standard boilers
During the 1930s, many serving locomotives were reboilered with a standard boiler type designed by then CME A.G. Watson as part of his standardisation policy. Such Watson Standard reboilered locomotives were reclassified by adding an "R" suffix to their classification.South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 August 1941). Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. p. 43.South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 August 1941). Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 2'0" & 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte, Steam Locomotives/Stoomlokomotiewe. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. pp. 6a-7a, 41, 43.
All thirty Class 12B locomotives were eventually reboilered with Watson Standard no. 2 boilers. In the process, they were also equipped with Watson cabs with their distinctive slanted fronts, compared to the conventional vertical fronts of their original cabs. Upon reboilering, the unknown original reason for the separate classification was ignored and instead of becoming Class 12BR, the reboilered locomotives were reclassified to Class 12R along with the reboilered Class 12 locomotives.{{Durrant-Twilight|page=59}}
Their original Belpaire saturated steam boilers were fitted with Ramsbottom safety valves, while the Watson Standard superheated steam boiler was fitted with Pop safety valves.
Service
=South African Railways=
All thirty locomotives were placed in service on the Cape Midland to work on the mainline out of Port Elizabeth, where they largely remained until being withdrawn after more than sixty years in service. Even though they were not designed to be mixed traffic locomotives, they saw service on both passenger and goods working. Until the Class 15F arrived on the Midland, the mainline was ruled by these locomotives. Later, in spite of their small {{convert|51|in|mm|0|abbr=off}} diameter coupled wheels, they were comfortable at {{convert|60|mph|km/h|0|abbr=off}} when employed on the mainline in tandem with the larger Class 15F.[https://sites.google.com/site/soulorailway/home/system-3-1/the-midland-main-line Soul of A Railway, System 3, Part 9: The Midland Main Line, Part 1, Port Elizabeth to Paterson. Captions 14, 52, 58] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024151618/https://sites.google.com/site/soulorailway/home/system-3-1/the-midland-main-line |date=24 October 2020 }} (Accessed on 5 February 2017)
The Class 12Rs saw mainline work until well into 1969, when the arrival of new South African Class 33-400 diesel-electrics brought almost fifty years of mainline service to an end. The entire Class gave more than fifty years of service before the first one was withdrawn.
Even in their twilight years, these locomotives still saw mainline service on the Klipplaat run and as local goods haulers around Port Elizabeth.
=Industrial=
Works numbers
The Baldwin works numbers did not run consecutively for the whole order and are shown in the table.
| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed sortable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:100%;"
|+Class 12B 4-8-2 |
| SAR no.
! Works no. |
|---|
| 1931
|52476 |
| 1932
|52558 |
| 1933
|52559 |
| 1934
|52583 |
| 1935
|52584 |
| 1936
|52649 |
| 1937
|52650 |
| 1938
|52651 |
| 1939
|52690 |
| 1940
|52691 |
| 1941
|52692 |
| 1942
|52693 |
| 1943
|52712 |
| 1944
|52713 |
| 1945
|52723 |
| 1946
|52724 |
| 1947
|52754 |
| 1948
|52755 |
| 1949
|52756 |
| 1950
|52757 |
| 1951
|52758 |
| 1952
|52759 |
| 1953
|52760 |
| 1954
|52761 |
| 1955
|52762 |
| 1956
|52763 |
| 1957
|52764 |
| 1958
|52765 |
| 1959
|52766 |
| 1960
|52767 |
Preservation
| class="wikitable" | |||||||
| Class | Number | Works nmr | THF / Private | Leaselend / Owner | Current Location | Outside South Africa | ? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12R | 1865 | BP 5994 | Private | Kimberley Locomotive Depot | |||
| 12R | 1947 | BALDWIN 52754 | THF | Reefsteamers | Germiston Locomotive Depot | ||
| 12R | 1505 | NBL 20176 | THF | Umgeni Steam Railway | Kloofstation (Inchaga) | ||
| 12A | 2111 | NBL 22751 | THF | Bloemfontein Locomotive Depot | |||
| 12AR | 1535 | NBL 21753 | THF | Reefsteamers | Germiston Locomotive Depot |
Illustration
SAR Class 12R 1939 New Brighton 310379.jpg|Class 12R no. 1939 on the shunt at New Brighton, 31 March 1979
References
{{Commons category|South African Class 12B (4-8-2)|South African Class 12B 4-8-2|position=left}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Locomotives of South Africa}}
{{Steam locomotive tenders}}
Category:Cape gauge railway locomotives