South African Class 4 4-8-2
{{Short description|1911 design of steam locomotive}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use South African English|date=November 2013}}
{{Infobox locomotive
| name = CGR Mountain 4-8-2
South African Class 4 4-8-2
| image = SAR Class 4 no. 1478.jpg
| alt =
| caption = SAR Class 4 no. 1478 at Worcester, c. 1930
| hatnote =
| powertype = Steam
| designer = Cape Government Railways
(H.M. Beatty)
| builder = North British Locomotive Company
| ordernumber =
| serialnumber = 19242-19243
| buildmodel = CGR 4-8-2
| builddate = 1911
| totalproduction = 2
| rebuilder =
| rebuilddate =
| numberrebuilt =
| whytetype = 4-8-2 (Mountain)
| uicclass = 2'D1'n2
| driver = 2nd coupled axle
| gauge = {{Track gauge|Cape|allk=on}}
| leadingdiameter = {{convert|28+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| coupleddiameter = {{convert|54|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| trailingdiameter = {{convert|33|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| tenderdiameter = {{convert|33+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} as built
{{convert|34|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} retyred
| minimumcurve =
| wheelbase = {{convert|57|ft|8+3/8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| engine total = {{convert|31|ft|11|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| leading = {{convert|6|ft|2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| coupled = {{convert|14|ft|5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| trailing =
| tender total = {{convert|16|ft|1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| tenderbogie = {{convert|4|ft|7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| pivotcentres =
| wheelspacing = 1-2: {{convert|4|ft|10|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
2-3: {{convert|4|ft|9|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
3-4: {{convert|4|ft|10|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| length =
| over couplers = {{convert|65|ft|3/8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| over bufferbeams=
| width =
| height = {{convert|12|ft|10|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| frametype = Bar
| axleload = {{convert|15|lt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| leadingbogie/pony= {{convert|11|lt|3|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| coupled all =
| coupled 1 = {{convert|14|lt|10|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| coupled 2 = {{convert|14|lt|15|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| coupled 3 = {{convert|14|lt|17|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| coupled 4 = {{convert|15|lt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| coupled 5 =
| coupled 6 =
| coupled 7 =
| coupled 8 =
| trail bogie/pony=
| tenderbogieload = Bogie 1: {{convert|21|lt|11|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
Bogie 2: {{convert|21|lt|18|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| tenderaxle = {{convert|10|lt|19|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| weightondrivers = {{convert|59|lt|2|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| locoweight = {{convert|82|lt|2|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| tenderweight = {{convert|43|lt|9|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| locotenderweight = {{convert|125|lt|11|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| tendertype = XJ (2-axle bogies)
| fueltype = Coal
| fuelcap = {{convert|6|lt|10|lcwt|t|1|abbr=on}}
| watercap = {{convert|3500|impgal|L|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}
| tendercap =
| sandcap =
| fireboxtype = Round-top, combustion chamber
| firearea = {{convert|37|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
| boiler =
| boilertype =
| pitch = {{convert|7|ft|6|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| diameterinside = {{convert|5|ft|6+3/8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| lengthinside = {{convert|18|ft|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| smalltubediameter= 201: {{convert|2+1/4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| largetubediameter=
| boilerpressure = {{convert|180|psi|kPa|0|abbr=on}}
| safetyvalvetype = Ramsbottom (No. 850/1477)
Cole's Pop (No. 851/1478)
| feedwaterheater =
| totalsurface = {{convert|2317|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
| tubearea = {{convert|2131|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
| fluearea =
| tubesandflues =
| fireboxarea = {{convert|186|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
| superheatertype =
| superheaterarea =
| cylindercount = Two
| cylindersize = {{convert|20+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} bore
{{convert|28|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} stroke
| frontcylindersize=
| rearcylindersize =
| hpcylindersize =
| lpcylindersize =
| valvegear = Stephenson
| valvetype = Murdoch's D slide
| valvetravel =
| valvelap =
| valvelead =
| transmission =
| trainheating =
| locobrakes =
| trainbrakes =
| safety =
| coupling = Johnston link-and-pin
| maxspeed =
| poweroutput =
| tractiveeffort = {{convert|29420|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} @ 75%
| factorofadhesion =
| locobrakeforce =
| operator = Cape Government Railways
South African Railways
| operatorclass = SAR Class 4
| powerclass =
| numinclass = 2
| fleetnumbers = CGR 850-851
SAR 1477-1478
| officialname =
| nicknames =
| axleloadclass =
| locale =
| deliverydate = 1911
| firstrundate = 1911
| lastrundate =
| withdrawndate = 1938
| preservedunits =
| restoredate =
| scrapdate =
| currentowner =
| disposition =
| notes = The leading coupled axle had flangeless wheels
}}
The South African Railways Class 4 4-8-2 of 1911 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
In 1911, the Cape Government Railways placed two steam locomotives with a 4-8-2 Mountain type wheel arrangement in service. They were renumbered and designated Class 4 when they were assimilated into the South African Railways a year later.{{Holland-Vol 2|pages=12–13, 137}}Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1945). The Locomotive in South Africa – A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter VII – South African Railways. South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, April 1945. p. 275.Classification of S.A.R. Engines with Renumbering Lists, issued by the Chief Mechanical Engineer’s Office, Pretoria, January 1912, pp. 8, 12, 15, 46 (Reprinted in April 1987 by SATS Museum, R.3125-6/9/11-1000){{Paxton-Bourne|pages=38–39}}
Manufacturer
The first {{nowrap|4-8-2}} Mountain type locomotive of the Cape Government Railways (CGR) was designed as a heavy mixed traffic engine at the Salt River shops by H.M. Beatty, the Chief Locomotive Superintendent of the CGR from 1896 to 1910. Two locomotives were built by the North British Locomotive Company (NBL) and delivered in March 1911.{{Durrant-Twilight|page=13}}
Characteristics
The locomotives were a further development of the two experimental locomotives which had been placed in service by the CGR in 1906, the CGR Class 9 {{nowrap|2-8-2}} (SAR Class Experimental 5) and the CGR Class 10 {{nowrap|4-8-0}} (SAR Class Experimental 6), both built by Kitson and Company.
The Class 4 locomotives had {{convert|4+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=off}} thick bar frames, Stephenson valve gear with flat "D" slide valves arranged above the cylinders, and used saturated steam. The boiler was equipped with a combustion chamber which was carried forward {{convert|2|ft|mm|0|abbr=off}} from the firebox into the boiler barrel, of which the diameter was increased at the hind course to suit. This reduced the distance between the tube plates to {{convert|18|ft|mm|0|abbr=off}} and made them excellent steamers.
They were numbered 850 and 851 in the CGR numbering sequence, but were not designated a classification. The two engines were not identical, no. 850 being equipped with the usual Ramsbottom safety valves while no. 851 had Cole's muffled type Pop safety valves, both set to open at {{convert|180|psi|kPa|0|abbr=off}} boiler pressure. They were delivered with Type XJ tenders with a {{convert|6|lt|10|lcwt|t|1|abbr=off}} coal and a {{convert|3500|impgal|L|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} water capacity.North British Locomotive Company works list, compiled by Austrian locomotive historian Bernhard Schmeiser
South African Railways
File:Cape Colony railways map 1910.svg
When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (CGR, Natal Government Railways and Central South African Railways) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, with Sir William Hoy appointed as its first General Manager, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways were only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.The South African Railways – Historical Survey. Editor George Hart, Publisher Bill Hart, Sponsored by Dorbyl Ltd., Published c. 1978, p. 25.
In 1912, these two locomotives were renumbered to 1477 and 1478 and designated Class 4 on the SAR.{{Holland-Vol 1|pages=72–75}}
Service
Both locomotives were placed in service in the Karoo, working between Touws River and Beaufort West. In their later years they were stationed at Worcester, from where they were used extensively on and around the Cape Western system's mainline, working pick-up goods trains to De Doorns in the Hex River valley and on the Mosselbaai line via Robertson.
Illustration
The main picture shows SAR no. 1478 at Worcester, c. 1930, with Cole's Pop safety valves.
File:CGR Mountain no. 850.jpg|GCR no. 850, SAR no. 1477, with Ramsbottom safety valves
References
{{Commons category|South African Class 4 (4-8-2)|South African Class 4 4-8-2|position=left}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Locomotives of the Cape Government Railways}}
{{Locomotives of South Africa}}
{{Steam locomotive tenders}}
Category:Cape gauge railway locomotives