South Bay Salt Works

{{Infobox factory

| name = South Bay Salt Works

| image = File:South Bay Salt Works montague.jpg

| caption = Salt Works montage

| products = Magnesium chloride
Salt

| coordinates = {{Coord|32|36|5|N|117|5|34|W|display=title,inline}}

}}

The South Bay Salt Works is a salt factory in southern San Diego near Chula Vista, in the South Bay region of San Diego County, California.

Initially operating under the name La Punta Salt Works operations dating back to at least 1871, for a period of time it was the sole supplier of salt for Southern California. In 1902 it was purchased and renamed Western Salt Company, and later had narrow-gauge rail installed. During the rest of the 20th century, it was California's second largest salt producer. The land was purchased by the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority in 1999 and transferred to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. In 2000, it assumed its current name and has continued salt harvesting operations.

Water evaporated at the salt works comes from the Pacific Ocean. Since its inception, more than a million tons of salt has been harvested. The salt ponds are a stopping point for migratory birds; some of these birds are threatened or endangered. 2011 two of the works' salt ponds were restored to marshlands.

History

File:Salt ponds in Chula Vista, CA.jpg and mounds of crystallized salt awaiting the harvest]]

Initially the operation began as the La Punta Salt Company;{{cite book|author=Frank Roseman|title=Chula Vista|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p8rTlgbQGPIC&pg=PA71|date=16 April 2008|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-1-4396-2011-3|page=71}} founded by the Shaffer Brothers.{{cite journal |last=Blocker |first=John |date=Fall 2011 |title=San Diego's Lost Landscape: La Punta |url=https://trnerr.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/EDENfall2011_BFSPLaPunta.pdf |journal=Eden: Journal of the California Garden & Landscape History Society |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=17–20 |doi= |access-date=4 October 2024}} Records date its origin as being before 1872. This is supported by a 1965 report by the State of California, and a 2015 notice by the City of Imperial Beach state that the area has been used as a salt works as early as the 1860s.{{cite web |url=http://www.imperialbeachca.gov/vertical/sites/%7B6283CA4C-E2BD-4DFA-A7F7-8D4ECD543E0F%7D/uploads/MF_1100_Bernardo_Shores_Notice_of_Intent_and_Availability_and_Draft_IS-MND_092514_-_Copy.pdf |title=Notice of Intent and Availability for Public Review and Comment Period of Draft Mitigated Negative Declaration |author= |date=25 September 2015 |website=Community Development Department |publisher=City of Imperial Beach, California |access-date=29 April 2015 |quote=P-37-026582 is the historic Western Salt Company Salt Works, which has been in operation since the 1860s. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150902213241/http://www.imperialbeachca.gov/vertical/sites/%7B6283CA4C-E2BD-4DFA-A7F7-8D4ECD543E0F%7D/uploads/MF_1100_Bernardo_Shores_Notice_of_Intent_and_Availability_and_Draft_IS-MND_092514_-_Copy.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2015 }} In 1883, the salt works were the only salt producer in the county, supplying the salt needs of all of Southern California.{{cite book|author1=Lynne Newell Christenson|author2=Ellen L. Sweet|title=Ranchos of San Diego County|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X2CkmDC02FIC&pg=PA121|year=2008|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-0-7385-5965-0|page=121}} Around the turn of the 20th century, the salt works were the only industrial employment in the Chula Vista area, other than produce packing plants.{{cite web |url=http://www.chulavistaca.gov/home/showdocument?id=288 |title=Historical Resource Survey, Chula Vista, California |author=Shannon Davis |author2=Sarah Stinger-Bowsher |author3=Jennifer Krintz |author4=Sinead Ni Ghabhlain |date=November 2012 |publisher=City of Chula Vista |access-date=1 May 2015}}

In 1902, La Punta Salt Works was purchased, and renamed to Western Salt Company. In the 1910s, about forty thousand tons of salt were harvested annually from the salt works.{{cite book|title=Southern California: Comprising the Counties of Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Ventura|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924028881106|year=1914|publisher=Southern California Panama Expositions Commission|page=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924028881106/page/n244 237]}} In 1915, a narrow-gauge railway was installed, and crossed over standard-gauge railway of the San Diego and Arizona Railway; the narrow-gauge railway was dismantled in the 1970s, except for where it crossed over standard-gauge rail, preserving the only instance of such an occurrence in the United States. In 1916, operations were disrupted due to flooding; the flood destroyed the salt ponds and the salt works built up to that point. In 1918, reconstruction began due to damage caused during the 1916 flooding, reaching completion in the 1950s.{{cite web |url=http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/rwqcb9/water_issues/programs/npdes/southbay_power_plant/docs/updates_022410/2001_Application_for_Renewal_Appdx_G_EarthTech_Biol_Resources_SouthSDB.pdf |title=The Biological Resources of South San Diego Bay and the Effect of Thermal Effluent from the South Bay Power Plant |author=Tierra Environmental Services |date=2 January 2001 |website=State Water Sources Control Board |publisher=State of California |access-date=1 May 2015}} After the 1910s, other salt producers in San Diego County closed, leaving the salt works the sole salt producer in the county.

In the 1920s another company, California Chemical Corporation, extracted bromine from the waters of the salt ponds.{{cite web |url=http://quarriesandbeyond.org/states/ca/pdf_files/ca-geology_and_mineral_resources_of_san_diego_county_calif_weber_%201963.pdf |title=Geology and Mineral Resources of San Diego County, California, County Report 3 |author=F. Harold Weber Jr. |author2=Ray M. Kepner Jr. |author3=George B. Cleveland |author4=R.M. Stewart |date=1963 |website=California Division of Mines and Geology |publisher=State of California |archive-date=June 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160626005510/http://quarriesandbeyond.org/states/ca/pdf_files/ca-geology_and_mineral_resources_of_san_diego_county_calif_weber_%201963.pdf}} [https://archive.org/stream/geologyandminer03webe Alt URL]In addition the company also produced magnesium chloride, beginning as early as the 1910s. Production of bromine ended after World War II.

In 1922, the salt works were acquired by Henry G. Fenton.{{cite news |last=Groeneveld |first=Jeannie |date=27 September 2023 |title=South Bay Salt Works Provides Protected Habitat for Nesting Birds |url=https://coronadotimes.com/news/2023/09/27/south-bay-salt-works-provides-protected-habitat-for-nesting-birds/ |work=Coronado Times |access-date=5 October 2024}}{{cite report |last=Saunders |first=Kelly |date=18 September 2018 |title=Item 6 - Western Salt Company Salt Works |url=https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/legacy/planning/programs/historical/pdf/reports/item06memomtng090925.pdf |publisher=City of San Diego |docket=HRB-08-005 |access-date=5 October 2024}} During the majority of the 20th century, the amount of salt harvested at the salt works remained relatively constant. In 1958, Western Salt Company was the second largest salt producer in California, which also had salt production operations in Newport Beach, at the time. As late as 1978, the salt works supplied the salt needs of San Diego's tuna fleet.{{cite web |url=http://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/mfr407/mfr4072.pdf |title=The San Diego Tuna Industry and Its Employment Impact on the Local Economy |author= |date=July 1978 |website=National Marine Fisheries Service |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=2 May 2015 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194741/http://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/mfr407/mfr4072.pdf |url-status=dead }} In 1999, the salt ponds were sold to the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority, transferring the salt ponds to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service; both have leased it out for continued salt harvesting. The leasers are a company formed by former employers of Western Salt Company, who changed the name to its present name, maintaining the buildings as private property of the salt works itself. In 2005, right of way of the former Coronado Belt Line in the salt pools, were designated historic by the city of San Diego and later converted into a bike path as part of the "Bayshore Bikeway".{{cite report |last=Weitze |first=Karen J. |date=November 2001 |title=Historic Resource Evaluation Report Coronado Belt Line Right-Of-Way |url=https://sandiego.cfwebtools.com/images/files/CR%20640.pdf |publisher=EDAW |page= |docket= |access-date=4 October 2024 }}
{{cite news |agency=North County Times wire services |title=San Diego council upholds historic designation of an unused 1.5-mile stretch of the Coronado Belt Line railway |url=http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2005/sep/14/san-diego-council-upholds-historic-designation-of/ |newspaper=San Diego Union Tribune |date=14 September 2005 |access-date=2 May 2015 }}
{{cite web |url=http://www.fws.gov/sandiegorefuges/new/FinalEAcomplete.pdf |title=Final Environmental Assessment |author= |date=20 October 2009 |website=San Diego National Wildlife Refuge Complex |publisher=United states Fish and Wildlife Service |access-date=2 May 2015 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115951/http://www.fws.gov/sandiegorefuges/new/FinalEAcomplete.pdf |url-status=dead }}
{{cite web |url=http://www.sandiego.gov/planning-commission/pdf/pcreports/07101.pdf |title=Bayshore Bikeway – Project No. 1901. Process 5 |author=Mike Westlake |author2=Patricia Grabski |date=30 August 2007 |website=Planning Commission |publisher=City of San Diego |access-date=2 May 2015 }}
{{cite news |author=Ed Kravitz |title=I'm going to bury your little railroad. |url=http://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2014/dec/19/stringers-sign/# |newspaper=San Diego Reader |date=19 December 2014 |access-date=2 May 2015 }} In 2009, the city of San Diego claimed land use authority over the property. In 2011, two of the works' salt ponds were restored to marshlands. Additional work is a requirement of the permit for the Carlsbad desalination plant.{{Cite news |last=Diehl |first=Phil |date=2022-08-08 |title=Poseidon failed to start wetlands restoration on time, says Coastal Commission |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/communities/north-county/carlsbad/story/2022-08-08/carlsbad-desal-plant-in-violation-of-permit |access-date=2022-08-08 |newspaper=San Diego Union-Tribune |language=en-US}}
{{cite report |author=K. Huckelbridge |date=21 September 2018 |title=TH10a |url=https://documents.coastal.ca.gov/reports/2019/5/Th10a/th10a-5-2019-report.pdf |publisher=California Coastal Commission |access-date=4 October 2024}}

Operations

File:South Bay Salt Works sat view.png

The operation is the second-longest running business in San Diego, behind the San Diego Union Tribune.{{cite web |url=http://www.voiceofsandiego.org/topics/government/the-hidden-salt-ponds-of-chula-vista/ |title=The Hidden Salt Ponds of Chula Vista |author=Lea Yu |date=16 June 2008 |work=Voice of San Diego |access-date=29 April 2015}}{{cite news |last=Jenkins |first=Logan |date=24 March 2015 |title=Salt works: Symbol of change? |url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/politics/sdut-salt-works-symbol-change-2015mar24-story.html |work=San Diego Union-Tribune |access-date=3 September 2018 }}
{{cite news |last=Chen |first=Ruby |date=24 June 2018 |title=Explore San Diego: The Salt Mines of Chula Vista |url=https://fox5sandiego.com/2015/10/24/explore-san-diego-the-salt-mines-of-chula-vista/ |work=KSWB |location=San Diego |access-date=3 September 2018 }} In Chula Vista, it is the city's longest running business. Although in the Chula Vista area, it is not within the Chula Vista city limits; the property is actually in the Nestor neighborhood. The buildings of the salt works are eligible to be placed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places;{{cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/master/pnp/habshaer/ca/ca3900/ca3901/data/ca3901data.pdf |title=Western Salt Company Works |author=Angie Gustafson |author2=Carrie Gregory |author3=Karen J. Weitze |date=2001 |website=Historic American Landscapes Survey |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=29 April 2015}} the buildings are already on the California Register of Historical Places.{{cite web |url=http://www.sandiego.gov/planning/programs/historical/pdf/reports/item06memomtng090925.pdf |title=Item 6 – Western Salt Company Salt Works |author=Kelly Saunders |date=18 September 2009 |website=Historic Resources Board |publisher=City of San Diego |access-date=2 May 2015}}{{cite web |url=http://www.ovrp.org/uploads/history/La%20Punta.JBlocker.pdf |title=San Diego's Lost Landscape: La Punta |author=John Blocker |website=History of Otay Valley |publisher=Otay Valley Regional Park |access-date=30 April 2015 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924062754/http://www.ovrp.org/uploads/history/La%20Punta.JBlocker.pdf |url-status=dead }}

On the West Coast of the United States, only San Francisco Bay and San Diego Bay have the natural conditions that allow for salt extraction from sea salt to be feasible.{{cite web |url=http://www.southbayrestoration.org/documents/permit-related/Historic%20Salt%20AppendixE.pdf |title=Appendix E: Identification and Evaluation of the South San Francisco Solar Salt Industry Landscape |author=Lou Ann Speulda-Drews |author2=Nicholas Valentine |date=9 March 2009 |website=South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project |publisher=United States Fish and Wildlife Service |access-date=2 May 2015 |quote= On the West Coast, only San Francisco Bay and San Diego Bay possess the exact conditions to allow the industry to thrive. For the solar salt industry to flourish several natural features need to occur: a protected bay; large expanses of flat, shallow water shoreline; abundant salt water; months of dry, sunny weather; and periods of rain. }} Water evaporated at the salt works come from the Pacific Ocean, not San Diego Bay.{{cite news |author= |date=27 December 2001 |title=Best of 2001: Best Place To Buy Your Locally Grown Salt |url=http://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2001/dec/27/best-2001-best-place-buy-your-locally-grown-salt/ |newspaper=San Diego Reader |access-date=2 May 2015 }} The salt works produces about 75,000 tons of salt every year from salt ponds that cover over a thousand acres of land.{{cite web |url=http://www.utsandiego.com/uniontrib/20051022/news_lz1c22brine.html |title=Focal Point: South Bay Salt Works |author=Earnie Grafton |date=22 October 2005 |work=Sign On San Diego |publisher=San Diego Union-Tribune |access-date=30 April 2015 |archive-url=http://www.utsandiego.com/uniontrib/20051022/images/focal.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2005}}{{cite book|author=CurtCo/SDM LLC|title=San Diego Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ySw5Un6tUVYC&pg=PT46|date=October 2011|publisher=CurtCo/SDM LLC|page=46|issn=0036-4045}} Since operations began at the salt works, more than a million and a half tons of salt have been harvested. Gypsum can also be sourced from the salt works, as was done in a 2008 study of the mineral.{{cite book|author=Andrew D. Aubrey|title=Amino Acid Biosignatures – Implications for the Detection of Extinct Or Extant Microbial Communities on Mars|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kHD9FIPvnFcC&pg=PA34|year=2008|isbn=978-0-549-49065-4|pages=34–35}} Magnesium chloride is also produced during the solar salt operation and is sold for industrial use. In 2005, the salt works employed twenty-two people. In 2017, the salt works continued to produce about 80,000 pounds of salt per harvest.{{cite news |last=Bailey |first=Torrey |date=3 May 2017 |title=Neighborhood Watch: Chula Vista |url=http://sdcitybeat.com/neighborhoods/neighborhood-watch-chula-vista/ |work=San Diego City Beat |access-date=15 February 2019 }}

Since 1999, the parcel which the salt works has been owned by the San Diego Regional Airport Authority, leased to the South Bay Salt Works company.{{cite web |url=http://scc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/sccbb/2006/0611/0611Board10_Western_Salt_Works.pdf |title=Western Salt Works Site Assessment and South San Diego Bay Trail Linkages |author=Pentiss Williams |date=9 November 2006 |website=Coastal Conservancy |publisher=State of California |access-date=1 May 2015}} In 2015, the Airport Authority planned to sell the land which the salt works are on to the San Diego Foundation, to mitigate the building of a substation by San Diego Gas & Electric. It is planned that when the lease on the land ends, the buildings will be re-purposed similar to those on Cannery Row.{{cite news |last=Jenkins |first=Logan |date=24 March 2015 |title=Salt works: Symbol of change? |url=http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2015/mar/24/salt-works-symbol-change/ |newspaper=San Diego Union Tribune |access-date=1 May 2015 }} One proposed use is to convert the salt works into an interpretive center for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.{{cite news |last=Romero |first=Fernando |date=10 May 2008 |title=Historic salt plant may get new role along waterfront |url=http://legacy.sandiegouniontribune.com/uniontrib/20080510/news_1sz10salt.html |work=San Diego Union-Tribune |access-date=3 September 2018 }}
{{cite web |url=http://www.ovrp.org/uploads/history/La%20Punta.JBlocker.pdf |title=San Diego's Lost Landscape: La Punta |last=Blocker |first=John |website=Otay Valley Regional Park |publisher=Multi-jurisdictional effort by the City of Chula Vista, County of San Diego and the City of San Diego |access-date=3 September 2018 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924062754/http://www.ovrp.org/uploads/history/La%20Punta.JBlocker.pdf |url-status=dead }}
{{cite web |url=http://scc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/sccbb/2006/0611/0611Board10_Western_Salt_Works_Ex6.pdf |title=Exhibit 6: Letters of Support |author= |date=2006 |website=Coastal Conservancy |publisher=State of California |access-date=1 May 2015 }}

=Wildlife=

File:Thalasseus elegans -Port of San Diego -flock-8b.jpgs at the salt works in 2009]]

The salt ponds of the salt works fall within San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge.{{cite web |url=http://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/Region_8/NWRS/Zone_1/San_Diego_Complex/San_Diego_Bay/Sections/What_We_Do/Conservation/PDFs/Volume_2/Volume%20II%20full%20text.pdf |title=Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Impact Statement, Volume II |author= |date=August 2006 |website=San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge |publisher=United States Fish and Wildlife Service |access-date=30 April 2015 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304101447/http://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/Region_8/NWRS/Zone_1/San_Diego_Complex/San_Diego_Bay/Sections/What_We_Do/Conservation/PDFs/Volume_2/Volume%20II%20full%20text.pdf |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://www.fws.gov/refuge/San_Diego_Bay/map.html |title=Map |author= |date=2015 |website=San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge |publisher=United States Fish and Wildlife Service |access-date=30 April 2015 |archive-date=May 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503015200/http://www.fws.gov/refuge/San_Diego_Bay/map.html |url-status=dead }} The salinity of the salt ponds creates an environment which breeds brine flies (Ephydridae) and brine shrimp (Artemia), a food source for the birds. During the winter months, there are monthly tours out into the salt ponds to observe migratory birds.{{cite web |url=http://www.fws.gov/refuge/San_Diego_Bay/visit/visitor_activities.html |title=Visitor Activities |author= |date=2015 |website=San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge |publisher=United States Fish and Wildlife Service |access-date=30 April 2015 |archive-date=April 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418063447/http://www.fws.gov/refuge/San_Diego_Bay/visit/visitor_activities.html |url-status=dead }}

Ninety-four different species of birds reside in the area of the salt ponds, including migratory species; seven of the species are threatened or endangered. In 2010, over twenty thousand birds were counted at the salt ponds, including the endangered species California least tern (Sternula antillarum browni) and gull-billed tern (Gelochelidon nilotica vanrossemi).{{cite web |url=https://www.portofsandiego.org/environment/2076-bird-population-thriving-in-south-san-diego-bay.html |title=Bird Population Thriving in South San Diego Bay |author=Barbara Moreno |date=27 May 2010 |website=Environment |publisher=Unified Port of San Diego |access-date=30 April 2015 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121719/https://www.portofsandiego.org/environment/2076-bird-population-thriving-in-south-san-diego-bay.html |url-status=dead }}

In 2011, a nearly $8 million project restored two of the westernmost ponds to marshland.{{cite news |last=Davis |first=Rob |date=23 September 2011 |title=The Environmental Resurrection of South San Diego Bay |url=http://www.voiceofsandiego.org/all-narratives/q-and-a/the-environmental-resurrection-of-south-san-diego-bay/ |newspaper=Voice of San Diego |access-date=1 May 2015 }}
{{cite news |last1=Joyce |first1=Ed |last2=McVicker |first2=Nicholas |date=2 November 2011 |title=Estuary Reborn In South San Diego Bay |url=http://www.kpbs.org/news/2011/nov/02/estuary-reborn-south-san-diego-bay/ |newspaper=KPBS |location=San Diego |access-date=1 May 2015 }}
{{cite web |url=http://scwrp.org/projects/south-san-diego-bay-restoration/ |title=South San Diego Bay Restoration |author= |date=2015 |website=Project Board |publisher=Southern California Wetlands Recovery Project |access-date=1 May 2015}} In 2013, a study of the hypersaline waters of the salt works showed that its microbial makeup differs substantially from those of a similar salt pond in Santa Pola, Spain.{{cite journal |last1=Zhaxybayeva |first1=Olga |last2=Stepanauskas |first2=Ramunas |last3=Mohan |first3=Nikhil Ram |last4=Papke |first4=R. Thane |date=29 January 2013 |title=Cell sorting analysis of geographically separated hypersaline environments. |journal=Extremophiles |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=265–275 |doi=10.1007/s00792-013-0514-z |pmid=23358730 |s2cid=5933801 }} Due to the presence of these threatened and endangered species at the salt ponds, they were included in Port of San Diego's natural resources management plan, which was completed in September 2013.{{cite web |url=https://www.portofsandiego.org/environment/natural-resources.html |title=Natural Resources & Wildlife |author= |date=2015 |website=Environment |publisher=Unified Port of San Diego |access-date=30 April 2015 |archive-date=May 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505041806/https://www.portofsandiego.org/environment/natural-resources.html |url-status=dead }}

References

External links

{{cite AV media |date=24 July 2011 |title=Black Skimmer Study Salt Works San Diego |people=Bryce Pierce |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzUWqpwAV0A |publisher=YouTube }}
{{cite web |url=http://library.ucsd.edu/dc/search?f%5Bsubject_topic_sim%5D%5B%5D=Western+Salt+Company&id=bb81923404 |title=Digital Collections – Western Salt Company |author=Larry Booth |author2=Vernon Heger |author3=Joseph Haase |author4=Lee Passmore |author5=Ralph P. Stineman |author6=Jimmy Erickson |date=2013 |website=UC San Diego |publisher=Regents of University of California}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.sunnycv.com/southbay/exhibits/punta.html |title=La Punta |author=Steve Schoenherr |date=12 December 2014 |website=Sunnycv.com |publisher=South Bay Historical Society |access-date=May 2, 2015 |archive-date=September 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910132313/http://www.sunnycv.com/southbay/exhibits/punta.html |url-status=dead }}
{{cite web |url=http://ahlp.org/pdfs/2005/scholarshipR2.pdf |title=Sustainability of the Western Salt Company Salt Works, San Diego, California |author=Carrie J. Gregory |date=2005 |website=ahlp.org |publisher=Alliance for Hist Landscape |access-date=May 2, 2015 |archive-date=December 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219013124/http://ahlp.org/pdfs/2005/scholarshipR2.pdf |url-status=dead }}
{{cite AV media |date=25 June 2014 |title=South Bay Salt Works – 1967 |people=Vintage San Diego |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Y7MFAE3aQ0 |publisher=YouTube }}

Category:Saltworks

Category:South Bay (San Diego County)

Category:Buildings and structures in San Diego

Category:Geography of San Diego

Category:Companies based in San Diego County, California

Category:Companies established in 1869

Category:1869 establishments in California