Soyuz GVK
{{short description|Planned reusable cargo spacecraft}}
{{Infobox spacecraft class
| name = Soyuz GVK (Союз ГВК)
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| manufacturer = Energia
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| country = Russia
| operator = Russian Federal Space Agency
| applications = Space station resupply
| spacecraft_type = Cargo spacecraft
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| design_life = 30 Days (Free flight), 370 Days (Docked to Space station)
| launch_mass = Up to 8,020kg
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| payload_capacity = 2,000kg
| crew_capacity = 0
| dimensions = 2.70m width, 7.23m span
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| orbits = Low Earth orbit
| status = In Development
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| first = Currently Unknown; Originally planned for 2022
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| derivedfrom = Soyuz MS
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The Soyuz GVK is a Russian uncrewed cargo spacecraft currently under development. Its first flight was expected to occur in 2022; however, this has not happened.{{cite web|url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/agency-wire/8046-russia-to-develop-cargo-retrievable-spacecraft-soyuz-gvk|title=Russia to develop cargo retrievable spacecraft Soyuz GVK|website=Devdiscourse.com|accessdate=4 January 2019}} Like the uncrewed Progress cargo spacecraft, the Soyuz GVK is based on the crewed Soyuz spacecraft. However, the Soyuz GVK will be capable of returning to Earth and bringing cargo back, whereas the Progress burns up in Earth's atmosphere at the end of its mission. The only other resupply spacecraft capable of bringing cargo down from orbit is the SpaceX Dragon 2 cargo spacecraft.{{cite web|url=https://www.spacex.com/dragon|title=Dragon|date=15 November 2012|website=SpaceX.com|accessdate=4 January 2019}} The Soyuz GVK will be able to deliver 2,000 kg to orbit and return 500 kg to Earth.{{cite web |url=https://www.energia.ru/ru/news/news-2018/news_05-18.html |title=РКК «Энергия»: старт беспилотного «Союза МС» планируется в августе 2019 года |language=ru |trans-title=RKK Energia: launch of unmanned Soyuz MS is planned for August 2019 |publisher=RKK Energia |date=18 May 2018 |access-date=28 December 2018 |archive-date=20 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720191053/https://www.energia.ru/ru/news/news-2018/news_05-18.html |url-status=dead }}
It is planned to launch aboard a Soyuz 2.1b booster.{{cite web|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/progress_gvk.html|title=Retrievable Progress GVK spacecraft|website=Russianspaceweb.com|accessdate=4 January 2019}}