Soyuz TM-11
{{Short description|1990 Soviet crewed spaceflight to Mir}}
{{confused|Soyuz 11|Soyuz T-11|Soyuz TMA-11|Soyuz TMA-11M}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = Soyuz TM-11
| image =
| image_caption =
| insignia = Soyuz TM-11 patch.png
| mission_type =
| operator =
| COSPAR_ID = 1990-107A
| SATCAT =
| mission_duration = 175 days, 1 hour, 50 minutes, 41 seconds
| distance_travelled =
| orbits_completed = ~2,735
| spacecraft = Soyuz 7K-STM No. 61
| spacecraft_type = Soyuz-TM
| manufacturer = NPO Energia
| launch_mass = {{convert|7150|kg|lb}}
| landing_mass =
| launch_date = {{Start date text|2 December 1990, 08:13:32|timezone=yes}} UTC
| launch_rocket = Soyuz-U2
| launch_site =
| landing_date = {{End date text|26 May 1991, 10:04:13|timezone=yes}} UTC
| landing_site = near Dzhezkazgan
| crew_size = 3
| crew_members = Viktor Afanasyev
Musa Manarov
| crew_launching = Toyohiro Akiyama
| crew_landing = Helen Sharman
| crew_callsign = Дербе́нт (Derbent)
| crew_photo =
| crew_photo_caption =
| orbit_epoch =
| orbit_reference = Geocentric
| orbit_regime = Low Earth
| orbit_periapsis = {{convert|367|km|mi}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|400|km|mi}}
| orbit_inclination = 51.6 degrees
| orbit_period = 92.2 minutes
| apsis = gee
| docking = {{Infobox spaceflight/Dock
| docking_target = Mir
| docking_type = dock
| docking_port =
| docking_date = 4 December 1990, 09:57:09 UTC
| undocking_date = 26 May 1991, 06:15:59 UTC
| time_docked =
}}
| previous_mission = Soyuz TM-10
| next_mission = Soyuz TM-12
| programme = Soyuz programme
(Crewed missions)
}}
Soyuz TM-11 was the eleventh expedition to the Russian Space Station Mir, using a Soyuz-TM crew transport vessel. The mission notably carried a Japanese television reporter from Tokyo Broadcasting System.The mission report is available here: http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-tm11.htm
Crew
{{Spaceflight crew
|position1 = Commander
|crew1_up = {{flagicon|URS}} Viktor Afanasyev
|flights1_up = First
|position2 = Flight Engineer
|crew2_up = {{flagicon|URS}} Musa Manarov
|flights2_up = Second
|position3 = Research Cosmonaut
|crew3_up = {{flagicon|JPN|1870}} Toyohiro Akiyama
| details3_up = Reporter
|flights3_up = First
|crew3_down = {{flagicon|UK}} Helen Sharman
| agency3_down = Project Juno
|flights3_down = First
}}
Mission highlights
Soyuz TM-11 was the 11th expedition to Mir, which spent 175 days docked to the space station. Coincidentally it was launched on the same day as STS-35. As the mission carried Toyohiro Akiyama, a reporter for the Japanese television network Tokyo Broadcasting System, the spacecraft's launch shroud and its Soyuz booster were painted with the Japanese flag and advertisements for Sony, Unicharm, and Otsuka Pharmaceutical. A camera inside the descent module filmed the cosmonauts during ascent for Akiyama's network.
Viktor Afanaseyev, Musa Manarov (on his second Mir visit), and Toyohiro Akiyama were welcomed aboard Mir by Soviet cosmonauts. Akiyama's network paid for the flight. The Soviets called this their first commercial spaceflight and claimed to have earned $14 million. The journalist was scheduled to make one 10-min TV broadcast and two 20-min radio broadcasts each day. Electrical power and video and TV system incompatibilities forced the Japanese to make extensive use of converters. His equipment, which weighed about 170 kg, was delivered by Progress-M spacecraft and set up in advance by Manakov and Strekalov. On December 5 Akiyama's couch was transferred to Soyuz-TM 10. On December 8 Manakov and Strekalov commenced loading Soyuz-TM 10's descent module with film and experiment results. TBS broadcast Akiyama's landing live from Kazakhstan.
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
{{Soyuz}}
{{Crewed Mir flights}}
{{Orbital launches in 1990}}
Category:1990 in the Soviet Union
Category:Japan–Soviet Union relations
Category:Crewed Soyuz missions