Space jellyfish

{{short description|Rocket launch phenomenon}}

A space jellyfish (also jellyfish UFO or rocket jellyfish) is a rocket launch-related phenomenon caused by sunlight reflecting off the high-altitude rocket plume gases emitted by a launching rocket during morning or evening twilight. The observer is in darkness, while the exhaust plumes at high altitudes are still in direct sunlight. This luminous apparition is reminiscent of a jellyfish.{{cite web |url=https://www.roscosmos.ru/25196/ |title=РОСКОСМОС. ИНВЕРСИОННЫЙ СЛЕД РАКЕТЫ-НОСИТЕЛЯ "СОЮЗ-2.1Б" НАБЛЮДАЛИ В РЯДЕ РЕГИОНОВ РОССИИ |publisher=Roscosmos |lang=ru |date=17 June 2018}}{{Cite web |url=http://infosurhoy.com/cocoon/saii/xhtml/en_GB/science/science-see-the-space-jellyfish-and-other-jaw-dropping-views-from-spacexs-dragon-launch/ |title=Science: See the 'Space Jellyfish' and Other Jaw-Dropping Views from SpaceX's Dragon Launch |last=Subat |first=Marta |date=4 July 2018 |publisher=Infosurhoy}} Sightings of the phenomenon have led to panic, fear of nuclear missile strike, and reports of unidentified flying objects.{{cite news |last=Wootson |first=Cleve R. Jr. |date=23 December 2017 |title=A 'UFO sighting' briefly freaked out the West Coast. There was an earthly explanation. |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2017/12/23/a-ufo-sighting-briefly-freaked-out-the-west-coast-there-was-an-earthly-explanation}}{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/5078397/spacex-los-angeles-aliens/ |title=People in L.A. Definitely Thought This SpaceX Rocket Launch Was Aliens |last=Segarra |first=Lisa Marie |date=23 December 2017 |magazine=Time}}{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/12/23/did-just-see-ufo-spacex-falcon-9-rocket-launch-causes-consternation/ |title='Did we just see a UFO?' SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket launch causes consternation as it lights up the Californian skies |last=Wright |first=Mike |date=23 December 2017 |newspaper=The Telegraph (UK)}}{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/a-giant-glowing-jellyfish-or-an-alien-invasion-no-this-is-a-reused-spacex-rocket/story-Hs9nUN4wjC2JnHyXjCi2II.html |title=A giant, glowing jellyfish or an alien invasion? No, this is a reused SpaceX rocket |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=23 December 2017}}{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/alien-invasion-world-cup-2018-russia-rocket-launch-nizhny-novgorod-a8405266.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/alien-invasion-world-cup-2018-russia-rocket-launch-nizhny-novgorod-a8405266.html |archive-date=2022-05-24 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='Alien invasion' over World Cup stadium was actually Russian rocket launch |last=Baynes |first=Chris |date=18 June 2018 |publisher=The Independent (UK)}}{{cite news |url=https://themoscowtimes.com/news/russian-rocket-launches-ufo-conspiracy-61880 |title=Russian Rocket Launch Sparks UFO Conspiracy |date=18 June 2018 |newspaper=The Moscow Times}}

List of rocket launches causing space jellyfish

{{listdev|date=July 2018}}

class="wikitable sortable" width="auto"
| Rocket launch

!class="unsortable"|

!| Payload

!| Date

!| Location

!class="unsortable"| Summary

!class="unsortable"| Notes

!class="unsortable"| References

Firefly Alpha flight FLTA005

|

|Eight CubeSats

|{{sort|2024-07-03|{{nowrap|3 July 2024}}}}

|Vandenberg Space Force Base

|

|

|{{cite web |last1=Scully |first1=Janene |title=Firefly Aerospace's Alpha Rocket Launch Lights Up the Sky |url=https://www.noozhawk.com/firefly-aerospaces-alpha-rocket-launch-lights-up-the-sky/ |website=Noozhawk |access-date=5 July 2024 |date=3 July 2024}}

Falcon 9 flight 361

|200px

|Starlink Group 9-1

|18 June 2024

|Vandenberg Space Force Base

|

|

|

Falcon 9 flight 339

|

|Starlink Group 6-63

|{{sort|2024-05-24|{{nowrap|24 May 2024}}}}

|Florida

|Night-time Starlink launch. Jellyfish caused by moonlight.

|

|{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JOQnbaqOkM8 |title=SpaceX Falcon 9 Launches Starlink 6-63 |date=2024-05-23 |last=NASASpaceflight |access-date=2024-07-01 |via=YouTube}}

Falcon 9 flight 338

|

|Starlink Group 6-62

|{{sort|2024-05-23|{{nowrap|23 May 2024}}}}

|Florida

|Night-time Starlink launch. Jellyfish caused by moonlight.

|

|{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wblxfc6KN4 |title=SpaceX Falcon 9 Launches Starlink 6-62 |date=2024-05-22 |last=NASASpaceflight |access-date=2024-07-01 |via=YouTube}}

Falcon 9 flight 232

|200px

|Transporter 8

|{{sort|2023-06-12|{{nowrap|12 June 2023}}}}

|Vandenberg Space Force Base

|Afternoon launch – plume observed over Eastern Europe, approximately 75 minutes after launch

|

|

Test flight of an unidentified Indian missile

|

|None

|{{sort|2022-12-15|{{nowrap|15 December 2022}}}}

|India, Myanmar, Bangladesh

|An early evening test launch. Assumed to be of an Agni-V ICBM

|

|{{Cite web |title=Is that a UFO? Or a meteor? Or India's nuclear missile Agni-V? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/is-that-a-ufo-or-a-meteor-no-its-indias-nuclear-missile-agni-v-2309834-2022-12-16 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=India Today |language=en}}

| Falcon 9 flight 152200pxStarlink Group 4–17{{sort|2022-05-06|{{nowrap|6 May 2022}}}}FloridaAn early-morning launch causing UFO reports{{cite news |title= {{YouTube|xd_7t43WL78|SpaceX launch lights up the sky in an unbelievable way}} |author= News4JAX |publisher= WJXT4 |location= Jacksonville, Florida, USA |date= 6 May 2022 }}
|Falcon 9 flight 126200x200px

|Inspiration4

{{sort|2021-09-15|{{nowrap|15 September 2021}}}}FloridaThe first fully civilian crewed orbital spaceflight, launched from Cape Canaveral after sunset{{Cite web|last=Lada|first=Brian|date=15 September 2021|title=SpaceX launch creates mesmerizing clouds over East Coast|url=https://www.accuweather.com/en/space-news/spacex-inspiration4-launch-florida-clouds/1018645|access-date=15 September 2021|website=AccuWeather}}
|Soyuz-2.1.a launchProgress MS-17{{sort|2021-06-29|{{nowrap|29 June 2021}}}}European RussiaA Soyuz-2.1a launched the Progress MS-17 to the International Space Station from Baikonur Site 31 on 29 June 2021. As the rocket reached the upper atmosphere the expanded rocket plume was illuminated by the sun creating a "jellyfish".|{{Cite web|title=Russian cargo ship sets off after the International Space Station in dramatic sky show|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russian-cargo-ship-launch-international-space-station-2021-06-29/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=www.cbsnews.com|language=en-US}}{{Citation|title=Progress MS-17 launch|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=je_6mdR06P0|language=en|access-date=2021-06-30}}
| Falcon 9 flight 114200px{{nowrap|SpaceX Crew-2}}{{sort|2021-04-23|{{nowrap|23 April 2021}}}}FloridaA crewed Cape Canaveral launch in the pre-dawn. The "jellyfish" lasted over 10 minutes after liftoff. In addition to the "jellyfish" created by the second stage, the returning first stage also made visible plumes.{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Amy |date=23 April 2021 |title=SpaceX launches 4 astronauts to space station, nails rocket landing |url=https://www.space.com/spacex-crew-2-astronaut-launch-rocket-landing-success |access-date=2021-04-23 |website=Space.com |language=en}}{{Cite web |last1=Sangalang |first1=Jennifer |last2=Kelly |first2=Emre |name-list-style=and |date=2021-04-23 |title=NASA and SpaceX launch Crew-2 astronauts: Best tweets, photos from Twitter, Instagram |url=https://www.floridatoday.com/story/news/2021/04/23/photos-nasa-spacex-launch-crew-2-kennedy-space-center/7348203002 |access-date=2021-04-23 |website=Florida Today |language=en-US}}{{Cite web|last=Volz|first=Brianna|date=2021-04-23|title=What were those white flashes in the sky after SpaceX's Crew-2 launch? We explain|url=https://www.clickorlando.com/news/space-news/2021/04/23/after-successful-spacex-launch-rocket-booster-returns-to-light-up-floridas-sky/|access-date=2021-04-23|website=WKMG|language=en}}
| Falcon 9 flight 62200px{{nowrap|SAOCOM 1A}}{{sort|2018-10-08|{{nowrap|8 October 2018}}}}CaliforniaA West Coast launch off California, in the post-dusk; causing UFO reports{{cite news |url= https://www.inquisitr.com/5109706/stunning-photos-from-the-latest-spacex-rocket-launch-reveal-a-dazzling-plume-in-the-california-sky/ |title= Stunning Photos From The Latest SpaceX Rocket Launch Reveal A Dazzling Plume In The California Sky |last=Lozovschi |first=Alexandra |date= 10 October 2018 |publisher= The Inquisitor }} {{cite news |url= https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/10/spacex-falcon-9-saocom-1a-launch-west-coast-landing/ |title= SpaceX Falcon 9 launches with SAOCOM 1A and nails first West Coast landing |last=Graham |first=William |date= 7 October 2018 |publisher= NASASpaceflight.com }} {{cite news |url= https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/10/spacex-falcon-9-for-static-fire-saocom-1a-first-west-rtls/ |title= SpaceX conducts static fire test ahead of SAOCOM-1A mission, first west coast RTLS |last=Atkinson |first=Ian |date= 2 October 2018 |publisher= NASASpaceflight.com }}
| Falcon 9 flight 57200px{{nowrap|SpaceX CRS-15}}{{sort|2018-06-29|{{nowrap|29 June 2018}}}}FloridaAn East Coast launch off Florida, in the pre-dawn{{cite news |url=https://www.space.com/41040-jaw-dropping-spacex-dragon-launch-photos.html |title=See the 'Space Jellyfish' and Other Jaw-Dropping Views from SpaceX's Dragon Launch |last=Weitering |first=Hanneke |date=29 June 2018 |work=Space.com}}
| Soyuz-2.1.b launchGlonass-M satellite{{sort|2018-06-17|{{nowrap|17 June 2018}}}}European RussiaA launch from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome heading over the cities of Nizhny Novgorod and Kazan, Russia{{cite news |url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/weird/975894/UFO-news-UFO-sightings-Russia-World-Cup-rocket-launch-satellite-programme-Kazan |title=Residents startled as {{sic|nolink=y|BIZZARE}} 'UFO' object lights up night sky near Russia World Cup city |last=Davis |first=Charlotte |date=22 June 2018 |publisher=The Express (UK)}}
| Falcon 9 flight 46200px{{nowrap|SpaceX Iridium 4}}Iridium-NEXT launch SpaceX-4{{sort|2017-12-22|{{nowrap|22 December 2017}}}}CaliforniaA West Coast launch off California, in the post-dusk{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/12/23/16814036/spacex-falcon-9-rocket-launch-los-angeles-celebrities-ufo |title=All the best reactions to SpaceX's Friday night rocket launch in California |last=Grush |first=Loren |date=23 December 2018 |website=The Verge}}
| Atlas V 551 AV-056 flightMUOS-4U.S. Navy Mobile User Objective System satellite{{sort|2015-09-02|{{nowrap|2 September 2015}}}}FloridaA Cape Canaveral launch in the pre-dawn{{cite web |url=http://www.iflscience.com/space/no-incredible-atlas-v-launch-was-not-ufo-please-stop-asking/ |title=No, That Incredible Atlas V Launch Was Not A UFO |last=O'Callaghan |first=Jonathan |date=4 September 2015 |publisher=IFL Science}}{{cite web |last=Lambert |first=Maxime |date=21 July 2016 |title=La vidéo d'un étrange halo bleu relance le débat sur Internet |url=https://www.maxisciences.com/ovni/la-video-d-un-etrange-halo-bleu-relance-le-debat-sur-internet_art38407.html |access-date=16 September 2023 |publisher=Maxi Sciences |lang=fr}}
|Meteor-M2 weather satellite{{sort|2014-07-08|{{nowrap|8 July 2014}}}}European RussiaA launch from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn25877-jellyfish-in-the-sky-was-a-high-flying-rocket-plume/ |title=Jellyfish in the sky was a high-flying rocket plume |last=Hitchings |first=Lauren |date=10 July 2014 |magazine=New Scientist}}
| RS-12M Topol-M nuclear missile test launch200px

|{{n/a}}

{{sort|2013-10-10|{{nowrap|10 October 2013}}}}EurasiaLaunched from Kapustin Yar, Russia; to crash into Sary Shagan, Kazakhstan{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/science/ufo-astro-ghost-find-out-what-spooky-space-cloud-really-8C11390533 |title=UFO? Astro ghost? Find out what that spooky space cloud really was |last=Boyle |first=Alan |date=14 October 2013 |publisher=NBC News}}
|Kosmos 1188{{sort|1980-06-14|{{nowrap|14 June 1980}}}}European RussiaA launch from Plesetsk Cosmodrome resulted in a giant U-shaped jellyfish appearing over Moscow and Kalinin, Russia{{cite book |title=A World of UFOs |year=2008 |publisher=Dundurn |last=Rutkowski |first=Chris A. |isbn=978-1-77070-343-8 |page=99}}
|Kosmos 955{{sort|1977-09-20|{{nowrap|20 September 1977}}}}Northern EuropeA launch from Plesetsk Cosmodrome resulted in a jellyfish vapour trail seen over northern Europe, causing the UFO incident known as the "Petrozavodsk phenomenon"{{cite magazine |title=Close encounters of a fabricated kind |last=Oberg |first=James |pages=896–898 |date=31 December 1981 |volume=92 |number=1285 |journal=New Scientist}}

See also

Notes

{{reflist|group=NB}}

References

{{reflist}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book |title=The UFO Files: The Inside Story of Real-life Sightings |last=Clarke |first=David |year=2013 |publisher=A & C Black |isbn=978-1-4081-9482-9}}
  • {{cite book |title=A World of UFOs |year=2008 |publisher=Dundurn |last=Rutkowski |first=Chris A. |isbn=978-1-77070-343-8}}
  • {{citation |url=http://www.jamesoberg.com/ufoosm-petrozavodsk.PDF |last=Oberg |first=James E. |title=The "Jellyfish UFO" Dilemma |publisher=Donning}}