Spaceflight before 1951
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox Year in spaceflight
|image = Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1978-Anh.026-01, Peenemünde, V2 beim Start.jpg
|caption = Launch of a V-2 from Peenemünde
|firstflight = {{ubli|{{flagcountry|GER|Nazi}} (1944)|{{flagcountry|USA|1912}} (1946)|{{flagcountry|USSR|1936}} (1948)}}
|maidens = {{ubli|{{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}} V-2|{{flagicon|USA|1912}} Bumper|{{flagicon|USA|1912}} Viking (first model)|{{flagicon|USA|1912}} Aerobee RTV-N-8|{{flagicon|USA|1912}} Aerobee RTV-N-10|{{flagicon|USA|1912}} Aerobee XASR-SC-1|{{flagicon|USA|1912}} Aerobee XASR-SC-2|{{flagicon|USA|1912}} Aerobee RTV-A-1|{{flagicon|USSR|1936}} R-1|{{flagicon|USSR|1936}} R-1A|{{flagicon|USSR|1936}} R-2E|{{flagicon|USSR|1936}} R-2}}
|retired = {{ubli|{{flagicon|USA|1912}} Bumper|{{flagicon|USA|1912}} Aerobee RTV-N-8|{{flagicon|USSR|1936}} R-1A|{{flagicon|USSR|1936}} R-2E}}
}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| programme = Timeline of spaceflight
| previous_mission =
| next_mission = 1951
}}
Spaceflight as a practical endeavor began during World War II with the development of operational liquid-fueled rockets. Beginning life as a weapon, the V-2 was pressed into peaceful service after the war at the United States' White Sands Missile Range as well as the Soviet Union's Kapustin Yar. This led to a flourishing of missile designs setting the stage for the exploration of space. The small American WAC Corporal rocket was evolved into the Aerobee, a much more powerful sounding rocket. Exploration of space began in earnest in 1947 with the flight of the first Aerobee, 46 of which had flown by the end of 1950. These and other rockets, both Soviet and American, returned the first direct data on air density, temperature, charged particles and magnetic fields in the Earth's upper atmosphere.
By 1948, the United States Navy had evolved the V-2 design into the Viking capable of more than {{convert|100|mi}} in altitude. The first Viking to accomplish this feat, number four, did so 10 May 1950. The Soviet Union developed a virtual copy of the V-2 called the R-1, which first flew in 1948. Its longer-ranged successor, the R-2, entered military service in 1950. This event marked the entry of both superpowers into the post-V-2 rocketry era.
{{TOC limit|2}}
Origins and rocket development
The era of spaceflight began in 1942 with the development of the V-2 rocket (A-4) as a ballistic missile by Germany, the first vehicle capable of reaching the {{convert|100|km}} boundary of space (as defined by the World Air Sports Federation).{{cite journal|title=Outer space may have just gotten a bit closer|first=Paul|last=Voosen|date=24 July 2018|access-date=1 April 2019|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/outer-space-may-have-just-gotten-bit-closer|journal=Science|doi=10.1126/science.aau8822|archive-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111231817/https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/07/outer-space-may-have-just-gotten-bit-closer|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}} On 20 June 1944, a V-2 (MW 18014) was launched vertically, reaching a height of {{convert|174.6|km}}.{{cite web|url=https://www.spacelegalissues.com/peenemunde-and-the-german-v-2-rockets/|title=Peenemünde and the German V-2 rockets|first=Louis de Gouyon |last=Matignon|publisher=Space Legal Issues|access-date=13 December 2020|archive-date=27 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127054225/https://www.spacelegalissues.com/peenemunde-and-the-german-v-2-rockets/|url-status=live}}
The post-war years saw rapid development in rocket technology by both superpowers, jumpstarted by the dozens of V-2s and hundreds of German specialists that ended up in the custody of the Soviet Union and the United States.{{cite book|first=Dieter K. |last=Kuzel|title=Peenemünde to Canaveral|location=United States of America|publisher=Prentice Hall|date=1962}}{{rp|216–7}}{{cite book|author=Willy Ley|title=Rockets, Missiles, and Space Travel|location=Dominion of Canada|publisher=Viking Press|date=June 1951|oclc=716327624}}{{rp|226}}{{cite book|first=Boris |last=Chertok|title=Rockets and People|volume=II: Creating a Rocket Industry|publisher=NASA|location=Washington D.C.|date=June 2006|oclc=946818748}}{{rp|43}} The V-2, designed for carrying a warhead horizontally rather than vertical science missions, made an inefficient sounding rocket, while the wartime American WAC Corporal sounding rocket was too small to carry much scientific equipment.{{rp|250}} In 1946, the US Navy began development of its own heavy sounding rocket, the Viking, derived in part from the V-2.{{cite book|first=Milton W. |last=Rosen|title=The Viking Rocket Story|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|date=1955|oclc=317524549 }}{{rp|21–25}}{{rp|236}} The Aerobee was developed from the WAC Corporal to loft lighter payloads.{{rp|250–51}}
The Soviet Union began military development of the R-1, a copy of the V-2 with modifications intended to improve reliability, in 1947.{{rp|41, 48}} Flight testing of this first Soviet-made liquid-fueled missile began on 13 September 1948,{{rp|129}} and the rocket entered military service in 1950.{{rp|149}} Also from 1947, two advanced rockets with ranges of {{convert|600|km}}, the German émigré-designed G-1 (or R-10) and the Russian-designed R-2, competed for limited engineering and production staff, the latter winning out by the end of 1949{{rp|65}} and being put into service in 1951.{{rp|274}} The draft plan for the {{convert|3000|km}} range R-3 was approved on 7 December 1949,{{rp|67}} though it was never developed, later designs proving more useful and achievable.{{rp|275–76}}
Space exploration
=V-2, WAC Corporal, and R-1A=
{{Main|RTV-G-4 Bumper|R-1 (missile)}}
file:Aerobee rocket launch from USS Norton Sound (AV-11) c1949.jpg
The V-2s captured from Germany at the end of World War II were used for engineering and scientific missions by the United States and the Soviet Union. The first 25 captured V-2s were launched in the 15 months commencing 15 March 1946.{{rp|398}} By the end of 1950, more than 60 had been launched by the Americans, most of them equipped with research instruments.{{rp|6}} The first biological payloads launched to high altitude were sent on V-2s, starting with seeds and fruit flies in 1947, followed by mice and monkeys from 1948 onward.{{cite journal |vauthors=Beischer DE, Fregly AR |title=Animals and man in space. A chronology and annotated bibliography through the year 1960 |journal=US Naval School of Aviation Medicine |volume=ONR TR ACR-64 |issue=AD0272581 |year=1962 |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/9288/AD0272581.pdf?sequence=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324110903/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/9288/AD0272581.pdf?sequence=1 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=24 March 2016 |access-date=14 June 2011}}
The V-2 was also used in early experiments with two-stage rockets: Project Bumper combined the V-2 first stage with the WAC Corporal as second stage. On 24 February 1949, Bumper 5 set an altitude record of {{convert|417|km}}.{{rp|257–58}} Around 10 WAC Corporals were also launched on their own in this period.{{cite book|title=Opening Space Research|first=George |last=Ludwig|publisher=geopress|location=Washington D.C.|date=2011|oclc=845256256}}{{rp|6}}
The Soviet Union launched 11 captured V-2s in 1947.{{rp|41}} Three of the V-2s launched by the USSR in 1947 carried {{convert|500|kg}} experiment packages for measuring cosmic rays at high altitude; at least one returned usable data.{{cite book|url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4408pt1.pdf|title=Challenge to Apollo: The Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945–1974|first=Asif A. |last=Siddiqi|publisher=NASA|location=Washington D.C.|oclc=1001823253|access-date=18 December 2020|archive-date=16 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916023444/https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4408pt1.pdf|url-status=live}}{{rp|56}} Two Soviet R-1As (an experimental R-1 variant that tested nose cone separation at altitude) also carried scientific equipment during test launches in 1949, but neither returned usable data.{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/r/r-1a.html|title=R-1A|first=Mark |last=Wade|website=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=6 December 2020|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121124615/http://astronautix.com/r/r-1a.html|url-status=dead}}
=Aerobee=
{{Main|Aerobee}}
First launched on 24 November 1947, the solid/liquid-fuel hybrid Aerobee quickly secured a reputation for reliability. With the development of these first generation purpose-built sounding rockets, the exploration of Earth's upper atmosphere and the nearest reaches of space began in earnest, a total of 46 Aerobee flights being launched through 1950.{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/a/aerobee.html|title=Aerobee|author=Mark Wade|website=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=8 December 2020|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807010527/http://astronautix.com/a/aerobee.html|url-status=dead}} Aerobee flights measured the velocity and density of cosmic rays above {{convert|70|mi}} and made high altitude measurements of the Earth's magnetic field. Cameras mounted on Aerobee rockets returned the first high quality photographs from space of sizeable regions of the Earth as well as large scale cloud formations.{{rp|251}}
=Viking=
{{Main|Viking (rocket)}}
Vikings 1 and 2, launched in 1949 from White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico, both suffered from premature engine cutoff due to turbine leaks, significantly reducing their maximum altitude.{{rp|98–102}} The improved Viking 3, launched on 9 February 1950, reached {{cvt|50|mi}} and could have gone higher. However, after 34 seconds of accurately guided flight, the rocket veered westward and had to be destroyed by range safety.{{rp|108–114}}
On 10 May 1950, Viking 4 was launched from a site in the Pacific Ocean between Jarvis Island and Christmas Island. The fourth Viking became the first sounding rocket ever launched from a sea-going vessel, the {{USS|Norton Sound|AVM-1|6}}. This flight was perfect, reaching {{cvt|106.4|mi}}, more than double that reached by the earlier Vikings.{{rp|108–114}}
Viking 5, launched on 21 November 1950, carried a vast array of radiation detectors. The rocket also carried two movie cameras to take high altitude film of the Earth all the way to its peak height of {{convert|108|miles}} as well as Pirani gauges to measure air densities in the upper atmosphere.{{rp|148,236}} Viking 6, launched on 11 December, underperformed, reaching a maximum altitude of {{convert|40|miles}}.{{rp|151–153,236}}
{{clear}}
Launches
{{TLS-M|1950}}
=1942=
{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|1942 launches}}}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 13 June — 12 December
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|site = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}Peenemünde
|LSP = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}Wehrmacht
|remarks = 7 V-2 rockets launched on test flights, 3 successfully{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/v/v-2.html|title=V-2|author=Mark Wade|website=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=7 December 2020|archive-date=6 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206122728/http://www.astronautix.com/v/v-2.html|url-status=dead}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = Wehrmacht
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = Same day
|outcome = Mixed
}}
}}
|}
=1943=
{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|1943 launches}}}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 7 January — 30 December
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|site = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}Peenemünde, Heidelager
|LSP = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}Wehrmacht
|remarks = 39 V-2 rockets launched on test flights; at least 9 failures
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = Wehrmacht
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = Same day
|outcome = Mixed
}}
}}
|}
=1944=
{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|1944 launches}}}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 20 June
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|site = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}Greifswalder Oie
|LSP = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}Wehrmacht
|remarks = First artificial object to cross 100 km (the boundary of space per the FAI).
Vertical test, apogee: {{convert|174.6|km}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}MW 18014
|user = Wehrmacht
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 20 June
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 8 September
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|site = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}Houffalize
|LSP = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}Wehrmacht
|remarks = First combat usage of V-2 after more than a hundred test flights; ~3000 combat launches followed until March 1945 (see List of V-2 test launches)
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = Wehrmacht
|function = Missile attack
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 8 September
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
|}
=1945=
{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|1945 launches}}}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 2 October |time = 13:41
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|site = {{flagicon|Allied-occupied Germany}}Cuxhaven
|LSP = {{flagicon|UK}}UK military
|remarks = First launch of Operation Backfire; apogee: {{convert|69.4|km}}{{cite book |date=January 1946 |title=Report on operation 'Backfire' Recording and analysis of the trajectory |volume=5 |url=https://archive.org/details/Reportonoperati5Grea/mode/2up |publisher=Ministry of Supply |pages=9–11}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 2 October
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 4 October |time = 13:15
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|site = {{flagicon|Allied-occupied Germany}}Cuxhaven
|LSP = {{flagicon|UK}}UK military
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|17.4|km}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 4 October
|outcome = Partial failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 15 October |time = 14:06
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|site = {{flagicon|Allied-occupied Germany}}Cuxhaven
|LSP = {{flagicon|UK}}UK military
|remarks = Press and international observers present; Apogee: {{convert|64|km}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 15 October
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
|}
=1946=
{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|1946 launches}}}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 16 April |time = 21:47
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 2
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{Nowrap|{{flagicon|USA|1912}}General Electric / US Army}}
|remarks = First launch of Project Hermes, apogee: {{convert|8|km}}, guidance failure; carried Geiger counter designed by James Van Allen{{cite book|author=William R. Corliss|title=Scientific Satellites|publisher=Science and Technical Information Division, Office of Technology Utilization, NASA|date=1967|location=Washington D.C.|pages=62|url=https://archive.org/details/scientificsatell00corl/page/62/mode/2up|access-date=11 May 2020}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|function = Cosmic Radiation (Applied Physics Laboratory){{cite book |title=The Rockets and Missiles of White Sands Proving Ground |author=Gregory P. Kennedy|year=2009 |publisher=Schiffer Publishing |location=Atglen, PA. |isbn=978-0-7643-3251-7 |pages=159 }}
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 16 April
|outcome = {{Nowrap|Launch failure}}
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 10 May |time = 21:15
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 3
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|112|km}}, First US spaceflight
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|function = Cosmic Radiation (APL)
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 10 May
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 29 May |time = 21:12
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 4
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|112|km}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|function = Cosmic Radiation (APL)
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 29 May
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 13 June |time = 23:40
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 5
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|117|km}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|function = Solar Radiation / Ionospheric (Naval Research Laboratory)
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 13 June
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 28 June |time = 19:25
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 6
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|108|km}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|function = Cosmic Radiation / Solar Radiation / Aeronomy / Ionospheric{{cite book |author=Charles P. Smith Jr. |date=April 1958 |title=Naval Research Laboratory Report No. 4276: Upper Atmosphere Research Report No. XXI, Summary of Upper Atmosphere Rocket Research Firings |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADB957191 |format=pdf |location=Washington D.C. |publisher=Naval Research Laboratory |access-date=8 November 2022 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202195019/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADB957191 |url-status=live }}{{rp|336–337}}
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 28 June
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 9 July |time = 19:25
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 7
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|134|km}}, sent seeds to space
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|function = Cosmic Radiation / Ionospheric (NRL) / Biological (Harvard University){{rp|338–339}}
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 9 July
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 19 July |time = 19:11
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 8
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|4.8|km}}, explosion at 28.5 seconds
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 19 July
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 30 July |time = 19:36
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 9
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|167|km}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|function = Cosmic Radiation / Ionospheric (NRL){{rp|342–343}}
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 30 July
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 15 August |time = 18:00
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 10
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|3.2|km}}, guidance failure at 13.9 seconds
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|function = Cosmic Radiation / Ionospheric{{rp|344}}
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 15 August
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 22 August |time = 17:15
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 11
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|0.1|km}}, guidance failure immediately after lift
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = University of Michigan
|function = Aeronomy / Ionospheric / Sky Brightness{{rp|345}}
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 22 August
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 10 October |time = 18:02
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 12
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|164|km}}, launched with seeds and cross jet attenuation transmitter and receiver
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|function = Cosmic Radiation / Solar Spectroscopy / Aeronomy / Ionospheric / Biological (Harvard){{rp|346–347}}
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 10 October
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 24 October |time = 19:15
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 13
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|105|km}}, first photo of Earth from space, short burning time (59 sec){{cite book |author1=H. E. Newell, Jr. |author2=J. W. Siry|date=30 December 1946 |title=Naval Research Laboratory Report No. R-3030: Upper Atmospheric Research Report Number II |url=http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADB955538 |format=pdf |location=Washington D.C. |publisher=Naval Research Laboratory|page=Table I|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906013917/http://www.dtic.mil/get-tr-doc/pdf?AD=ADB955538&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf|archive-date=6 September 2017 |url-status=dead}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|function = Cosmic Radiation / Solar UV / Aeronomy / Photography
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 24 October
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 7 November |time = 20:31
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 14
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|0.4|km}}. Guidance failure at 2 seconds, missile turned sideways, flew horizontal and was destroyed.{{rp|350}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 7 November
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 21 November |time = 16:55
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 15
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|102|km}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = Watson Laboratories / University of Michigan
|function = Aeronomy / Ionospheric / Sky Brightness / Voltage Breakdown{{rp|351–352}}
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 21 November
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 5 December |time = 20:08
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 16
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|167|km}}, guidance problems
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|function = Cosmic Radiation / Solar UV / Aeronomy / Photography
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 5 December
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 18 December |time = 05:12
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 17
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|187|km}}, first night flight of a V-2. Released artificial meteors for photographic observation.{{cite journal|author=F. Zwicky|url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1947PASP...59...32Z|format=pdf|title=The First Night–Firing of a V-2 Rocket in the United States|journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific|volume=59|number=346|page=32|date=February 1947|doi=10.1086/125894 |bibcode=1947PASP...59...32Z |access-date=2 March 2021|archive-date=20 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620153614/http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1947PASP...59...32Z|url-status=live}} Carried fungus spores. Extraordinary range due to guidance failure.{{rp|355–356}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{Nowrap|{{flagicon|USA|1912}}Grenades}}
|function = Cosmic Radiation / Meteor Research / Biological (National Institute of Health)
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 18 December
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
|}
=1947=
{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|1947 launches}}}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 10 January |time = 21:13
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 18
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|116|km}}, roll at 40 seconds{{rp|357–358}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 10 January
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 24 January |time = 00:22
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 19
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|50|km}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|function = Test Guidance System / Hermes A-2 Telemetry System Test{{rp|359–360}}
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 24 January
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 20 February |time = 18:16
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 20
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|109|km}}, guidance disturbance at 27 sec, roll at 37.5 seconds. Flew with rye seeds, cotton seeds, and fruit flies, the first animals in space. First soft landing of a man-made object from space. {{Cite web|url=http://www.ispyspace.com/1900_to_1950.html|website=I-Spy Space|author=Gregory P. Kennedy|title=Chronology of Human Space Exploration: Part 1: 1900 – 1950|access-date=20 February 2008|archive-date=9 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209164901/http://www.ispyspace.com/1900_to_1950.html|url-status=dead}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Blossom I
|function = Aeronomy (University of Michigan) / Ionospheric (AFCRC, University of Michigan) / Sky Brightness / Voltage Breakdown (AFCRC) / Biological{{rp|361–362}}
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 20 February
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 7 March |time = 18:23
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 21
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|161|km}}, sent seeds to space{{rp|363–365}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|function = Cosmic Radiation / Aeronomy / Solar Radiation / Ionospheric (NRL) / Biological (Harvard)
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 7 March
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 April |time = 20:10
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 22
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|129|km}}{{rp|366–367}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = APL
|function = Cosmic Radiation / Solar UV (APL, Yerkes Observatory) / Photography
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 1 April
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 9 April |time = 00:10
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 23
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|103|km}}{{rp|368–369}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = APL
|function = Cosmic Radiation / Solar UV / Photography
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 9 April
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 17 April |time = 23:22
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 24
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|140|km}}, roll at 57.5 seconds
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Grenades
|function = Aeronomy (Signal Corps Engineering Laboratories){{rp|370–371}}
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 17 April
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 15 May |time = 23:08
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 26
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|122|km}}, steering trouble from lift
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Grenades
|user = NRL
|function = Aeronomy (SCEL) / Cosmic Radiation / Solar Radiation / Ionospheric (NRL){{rp|374–375}}
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 15 May
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 29 May
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|50|km}}, maiden flight of the Hermes II V-2 variant. Rocket flew south instead of north and landed in Mexico{{cite book |title=The Rockets and Missiles of White Sands Proving Ground |author=Gregory P. Kennedy|year=2009 |publisher=Schiffer Publishing |location=Atglen, PA. |isbn=978-0-7643-3251-7 |pages=57}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Hermes II
|user = GE
|function = Test of ramjet diffusers called "Organ"{{cite book |author=Michael J. Neufeld|date=2007 |title=Von Braun, Dreamer of Space, Engineer of War |location=New York |publisher=Vintage Books |page=239 |isbn=978-0-307-38937-4}}
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 29 May
|outcome = {{Nowrap|Launch failure}}
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 10 July |time = 19:18
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 29
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|16.3|km}}, steering trouble from lift, cutoff triggered at 32 seconds{{rp|383–384}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|function = Aeronomy / Cosmic Radiation / Ionospheric / Biological (Harvard College Observatory)
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 10 July
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 29 July |time = 12:55
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 30
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|159|km}}, vane #4 ceased to operate at 27 seconds{{rp|386–387}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = APL
|function = Cosmic Radiation / Solar UV / Photography
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 29 July
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 6 September
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}{{USS|Midway|CV-41|6}}, Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Bermuda
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Operation Sandy, first shipboard missile launch, apogee: {{convert|1|km}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = US Navy
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 6 September
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 9 October |time = 19:15
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 27
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|156|km}}, steering disturbance at 48.4 seconds, roll at 52 seconds
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = GE
|function = Aeronomy (University of Michigan) / Solar UV (NRL){{rp|376–378}}
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 9 October
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 18 October |time = 07:47
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|86|km}}; destroyed during ballistic portion of flight{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/k/kapustinyarv-2.html|title=Kapustin Yar V-2|author=Mark Wade|website=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=7 December 2020|archive-date=22 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222100302/http://www.astronautix.com/k/kapustinyarv-2.html|url-status=dead}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 28 October
|outcome = Partial failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 20 October |time = 07:47
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|85|km}}; tore loose from launch stand; flew {{convert|180|km}} left of planned target
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 20 October
|outcome = Partial failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 23 October |time = 14:05
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|14|km}}; payload destroyed, rocket disintegrated
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 23 October
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 28 October |time = 14:05
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|87|km}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 28 October
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 31 October |time = 13:41
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|0|km}}; loss of control on longitudinal axis
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 31 October
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 2 November |time = 15:14
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|88|km}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 2 November
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 3 November |time = 12:05
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|0|km}}; rolled after launch and lost stabilization
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 3 November
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 4 November |time = 15:02
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|89|km}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 4 November
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 10 November |time = 09:39
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|11|km}}; lost guidance
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 10 November
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 13 November |time = 08:30
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|89|km}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 13 November
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 13 November |time = 14:00
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|89|km}}; broke up on re-entry
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 13 November
|outcome = Partial failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 20 November |time = 23:47
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = GE Special
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|21|km}}, propulsion trouble at 36 seconds{{rp|471}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = GE
|function = Technology development flight for GE
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 20 November
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 24 November |time = 17:20
|rocket = {{Nowrap|{{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-8}}
|flight = A4
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|55.8|km}}, maiden flight of the Aerobee RTV-N-8, although three booster tests with dummy upper stages occurred earlier in the year.{{rp|260–261}} Flew off course, flight terminated.{{cite book |author1=James A. Van Allen|author2=John W. Townsend, Jr.|editor=H. E. Newell|title=Sounding Rockets |publisher=McGraw-Hill Book Company |date=1959 |pages=61–62 |chapter=Chapter 4:The Aerobee Rocket |name-list-style=amp}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = APL
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 24 November
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 8 December |time = 21:42
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 28
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|105|km}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Blossom II
|user = AMC
|function = Aeronomy (University of Michigan, Boston University) / Solar X-Ray / Ionospheric (Boston University, WADC) / Sky Brightness (AFCRC){{rp|379–382}}
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 8 December
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
|}
=1948=
{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|1948 launches}}}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 22 January |time = 20:12
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 34
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|159|km}}{{rp|396–397}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|function = Aeronomy / Cosmic Radiation / Ionospheric
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 22 January
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 6 February |time = 17:17
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 36
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|113|km}}{{rp|401–402}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = GE
|function = Technology development flight for GE
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 6 February
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 5 March |time = 22:51
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-8
|flight = A5
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|117.5|km}}{{rp|262–263}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = APL
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 5 March
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 19 March |time = 23:10
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 39
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|5.5|km}}, air pressure failure caused early burnout{{rp|408–409}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Blossom IIA
|user = GE / University of Michigan
|function = Aeronomy / Magnetic Field
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 19 March
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 2 April |time = 13:47
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 25
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|144|km}}{{rp|372–373}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Grenades
|user = USASC / University of Michigan / NRL
|function = Aeronomy / Cosmic Radiation / Solar UV
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 2 April
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 13 April |time = 21:41
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-8
|flight = A6
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|114.3|km}}{{rp|264–265}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = APL / NOL
|function = Magnetic field research
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 13 April
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 19 April |time = 19:54
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 38
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|56|km}}, guidance failure caused irratic flight and cutoff was triggered at 57.1 seconds{{rp|406–407}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|function = Aeronomy / Cosmic Radiation / Solar UV / Ionospheric
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 19 April
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 13 May |time = 13:43
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}{{flagicon|USA|1912}}Bumper
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Maiden flight of Bumper, apogee: {{convert|127.6|km}}{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/b/bumper-wac.html|title=BUMPER-WAC|author=Mark Wade|website=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=13 December 2020|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121120727/http://astronautix.com/b/bumper-wac.html|url-status=dead}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Bumper 1
|user = GE
|function = Solar / Ionosphere
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 13 May
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 27 May |time = 14:15
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 35
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|140|km}}{{rp|399–400}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = APL
|function = Aeronomy / Cosmic Radiation / Solar UV / Photography
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 27 May
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 11 June |time = 10:22
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 37
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|63|km}}, premature valve closure caused an early engine cutoff.{{rp|403–405}} Carried the monkey Albert I.
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Blossom III
|user = AMC
|function = Solar X-Ray / Ionospheric / Sky Brightness / Aeronomy / Biological
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 11 June
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 26 July |time = 16:47
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-8
|flight = A7
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|112.7|km}}{{rp|266–267}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = APL
|function = Earth Imaging
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 26 July
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 26 July |time = 18:03
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 40
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|97|km}}, propulsion issues at 45.2 seconds{{rp|411–412}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = APL
|function = Cosmic Radiation / Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 26 July
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 5 August |time = 12:07
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 43
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|167|km}}{{rp|418–419}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|function = Aeronomy / Cosmic Radiation / Solar UV / Solar X-Ray / Ionospheric / Photography
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 5 August
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 6 August |time = 01:37
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-8
|flight = NRL 1
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|97|km}}{{rp|293–294}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|function = Solar Radiation / Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 6 August
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 19 August |time = 14:45
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}{{flagicon|USA|1912}}Bumper
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|13.1|km}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Bumper 2
|user = GE
|function = Solar UV
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 19 August
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 3 September |time = 01:00
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 33
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|151|km}}{{rp|394–395}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Grenades
|user = USASC / University of Michigan
|function = Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 3 September
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 17 September
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = Maiden flight of the R-1{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/r/r-1.html|title=R-1|author=Mark Wade|website=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=6 December 2020|archive-date=7 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607174826/http://astronautix.com/r/r-1.html|url-status=dead}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 17 September
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 30 September |time = 15:30
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}{{flagicon|USA|1912}}Bumper
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|150.6|km}}, 2nd stage failure
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Bumper 3
|user = GE
|function = Solar UV / X-Ray
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 30 September
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 10 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 10 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 11 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = First Soviet spaceflight with scientific experiments
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test, sounding rocket
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 11 October
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 13 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 13 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 21 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 21 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 23 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 23 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 November |time = 14:24
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}{{flagicon|USA|1912}}Bumper
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|5|km}}, tail explosion at 28.5 seconds
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Bumper 4
|user = GE
|function = Test flight
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 1 November
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 November
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 1 November
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 2 November |time = 00:15
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-8
|flight = A8
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|90.9|km}}{{rp|268–269}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = APL / NRL
|function = Cosmic Radiation / Solar X-Ray
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 2 November
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 3 November
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 3 November
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 4 November
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 4 November
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 5 November
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = Last of nine launches in the first test series
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 5 November
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 18 November |time = 22:35
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 44
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|145|km}}, carried seeds and tested a Hermes B-1 ramjet diffuser in place of the warhead{{rp|420–421}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = GE
|function = Ramjet research / Aeronomy / Solar X-Ray / Biological
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 18 November
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 9 December |time = 16:08
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 42
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|108|km}}, carried seeds{{rp|416–417}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = USASC
|function = Aeronomy / Solar X-Ray / Biological
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 9 December
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 9 December |time = 22:38
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-1
|flight = SC 1
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|91.6|km}}, maiden flight of the XASR-SC-1{{rp|188–189}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = USASC / University of Michigan
|function = Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 9 December
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
|}
=1949=
{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|1949 launches}}}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 14 January |time = 20:26
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|1|km}}{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/w/whitesandslc33.html|title=White Sands LC33|author=Mark Wade|website=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=7 December 2020|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505212615/http://www.astronautix.com/w/whitesandslc33.html|url-status=dead}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Hermes II
|user = US Army
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 14 January
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 28 January |time = 17:20
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 45
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|60|km}}, carried seeds. Poor propulsion and control, fuel cutoff triggered at 56.4 seconds.{{rp|423–424}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|function = Aeronomy / Cosmic Radiation / Solar Radiation / Ionospheric / Photography / Biological
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 28 January
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 29 January |time = 06:17
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-8
|flight = NRL 2
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|97|km}}{{rp|295–296}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|function = Cosmic Radiation / Aeronomy / Ionospheric / Solar X-Ray
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 29 January
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 February |time = 18:38
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-8
|flight = NRL 3
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|0|km}}, booster exploded at ignition{{rp|297}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|function = Solar UV / Solar X-Ray
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 1 February
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 17 February |time = 17:00
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 48
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|127|km}}, carried fruit flies{{rp|431–432}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = APL
|function = Aeronomy / Cosmic Radiation / Solar UV / Photography / Biological
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 17 February
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 24 February |time = 22:14
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}{{flagicon|USA|1912}}Bumper
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|393|km}}. The new altitude record.
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Bumper 5
|user = GE
|function = Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 24 February
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 2 March |time = 00:15
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-8
|flight = A9
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Dummy firing to evaluate shipboard launching procedures{{rp|270}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = APL
|function = Test for shipboard launch
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 2 March
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 17 March |time = 23:20
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-8
|flight = A10
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}{{USS|Norton Sound|AVM-1|6}}, Pacific Ocean near South America
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|105|km}}{{cite web |last1=McDowell |first1=Jonathan C. |title=General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects, Launches, Aerobee |url=https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/data/launch/AerobeeB.html |website=Jonathan's Space Report |access-date=3 November 2022 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202195027/https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/data/launch/AerobeeB.html |url-status=live }}{{rp|271–272}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = APL
|function = Ionospheric
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 17 March
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 22 March |time = 06:43
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 41
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|129|km}}{{rp|413–415}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Blossom IVA
|user = AMC
|function = Aeronomy / Solar X-Ray / Imaging / Ionospheric
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 22 March
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 22 March |time = 17:30
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-8
|flight = A11
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Norton Sound, Pacific Ocean near South America
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|105|km}}{{rp|273–274}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = APL
|function = Ionospheric
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 22 March
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 24 March |time = 15:14
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-8
|flight = A12
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Norton Sound, Pacific Ocean near South America
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|6.0|km}}, pressure valve malfunction, booster separated on ignition{{rp|275}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = APL
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 24 March
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 11 April |time = 22:05
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 50
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|85|km}}, carried seeds and bacteria{{rp|436–437}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = USASC
|function = Aeronomy / Solar X-Ray / Biological
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 11 April
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 22 April |time = 00:17
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}{{flagicon|USA|1912}}Bumper
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|50|km}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Bumper 6
|user = GE
|function = Solar / Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 22 April
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 3 May |time = 16:14
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Viking (first model)
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33 – Army Launch Area 1
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|83|km}}{{rp|236}}{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/v/vikingsoundingrocket.html|title=Viking Sounding Rocket|author=Mark Wade|website=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=7 January 2021|archive-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708000025/http://www.astronautix.com/v/vikingsoundingrocket.html|url-status=dead}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Viking 1
|user = NRL
|function = Aeronomy / Imaging
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 3 May
|outcome = Partial launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 5 May |time = 15:15
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 46
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|8.77|km}}, carried a Hermes B-1 ramjet diffuser in place of the warhead. Premature cutoff at 25.5 seconds.{{rp|425–426}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = GE
|function = Technology development for GE / Solar Radiation
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 5 May
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 7 May |time = 03:12
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1A
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|109|km}}, maiden flight of R-1A, tested separable warhead
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 7 May
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 10 May |time = 15:57
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1A
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = Tested separable warhead
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 10 May
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 15 May |time = 02:48
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1A
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = Tested separable warhead
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 15 May
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 16 May |time = 21:55
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1A
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = Tested separable warhead
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 16 May
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 24 May |time = 01:40
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1A
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = Vertical flight, tested separable warhead, carried aeronomy experiments that were not recovered
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}FIAR-1
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test / Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 24 May
|outcome = Partial Failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 28 May |time = 01:50
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1A
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = Final R-1A flight; vertical flight, tested separable warhead, carried aeronomy experiments damaged on landing and returned no usable data
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}FIAR-1
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test / Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 28 May
|outcome = Partial Failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 2 June |time = 13:10
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-1
|flight = SC 2
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|78.4|km}}{{rp|190–191}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = USASC / University of Michigan
|function = Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 2 June
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 14 June |time = 22:35
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 47
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|134|km}}, carried Albert II, the first mammal and monkey in space. Albert II died on impact after his capsule's parachute failed.{{rp|427–430}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Blossom IVB
|user = AMC
|function = Cosmic Radiation / Solar X-Ray / Aeronomy / Ionospheric / Biological
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 14 June
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 15 June |time = 02:03
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-8
|flight = NRL 5
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|109|km}}{{rp|300–301}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|function = Ozone Spectroscopy / Solar X-Ray
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 15 June
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 17 June |time = 11:50
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-8
|flight = A13
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|88|km}}{{rp|276}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = APL
|function = Aerodynamics test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 17 June
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 23 June |time = 23:21
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-8
|flight = A14
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|88|km}}{{rp|277–278}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = APL / NRL
|function = Cosmic Radiation / Solar X-Ray
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 23 June
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 21 July |time = 16:01
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-1
|flight = SC 4
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|76.1|km}}{{rp|194–195}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = USASC / University of Michigan / NRL
|function = Solar X-Ray / Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 21 July
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 6 September |time = 16:57
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Viking (first model)
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33 – Army Launch Area 1
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|51|km}}{{rp|236}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Viking 2
|user = NRL
|function = Aeronomy / Imaging
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 6 September
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 10 September
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = First flight of second series of tests
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 10 September
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 11 September
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 11 September
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 13 September
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 13 September
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 14 September
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 14 September
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 16 September |time = 23:19
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 32
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|4.2|km}}, carried Albert III. Rocket tumbled after two explosions in the tail section at 10.7 and 24.2 seconds.{{rp|391–393}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Blossom IVC
|user = AMC
|function = Aeronomy / Ionospheric / Cosmic Radiation / Solar X-Ray / Biological
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 16 September
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 17 September
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 17 September
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 19 September
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 19 September
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 20 September
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 20 September
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 20 September |time = 17:03
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-1
|flight = SC 5
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|58.6|km}}{{rp|196–197}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = USASC / University of Michigan / NRL
|function = Aeronomy / Solar X-Ray
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 20 September
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 23 September
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 23 September
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 25 September |time = 11:16
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-2E
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = Maiden flight of R-2E, a modified R-1 missile to test R-2 concepts: integral fuel tank and separable warhead{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/r/r-2.html|title=R-2E|author=Mark Wade|website=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=7 December 2020|archive-date=1 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101090709/http://www.astronautix.com/r/r-2.html|url-status=dead}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 25 September
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 28 September
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 28 September
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 29 September |time = 16:58
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 49
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|151|km}}{{rp|433–434}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|function = Aeronomy / Cosmic Radiation / Ionospheric / Meteoric Dust Collectors
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 29 September
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 30 September |time = 11:49
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-2E
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 30 September
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 2 October |time = 11:00
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-2E
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = Fire in tail compartment
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 2 October
|outcome = Partial failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 3 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 3 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 6 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|4|km}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Hermes II
|user = US Army
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 6 October
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 8 October |time = 06:05
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-2E
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 8 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 8 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 8 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 10 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 10 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 11 October |time = 12:45
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-2E
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = Fire in tail compartment, last of five R-2E launches
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 11 October
|outcome = Partial failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 12 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 12 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 13 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 13 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 13 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 13 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 15 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 15 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 18 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 18 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 19 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 19 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 22 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks =
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 22 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 23 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-1
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}NII-88 Section 3
|remarks = Last of second series of twenty firings
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NII-88 Section 3
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 23 October
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 18 November |time = 16:03
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 56
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|124|km}}{{rp|450–451}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Grenades
|user = USASC
|function = Aeronomy / Cosmic Radiation
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 18 November
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 2 December |time = 22:20
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1
|flight = USAF 1
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|96.1|km}}, maiden flight of the RTV-A-1{{rp|46–47}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = AFCRL / Boston University / WADC
|function = Solar X-Ray / Aeronomy / Imaging
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 2 December
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 6 December |time = 18:32
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-1
|flight = SC 3
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|64.9|km}}{{rp|192–193}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = USASC / University of Michigan
|function = Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 6 December
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 7 December |time = 00:16
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-1
|flight = SC 7
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|60.0|km}}{{rp|200–201}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = USASC / University of Michigan
|function = Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 7 December
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 8 December |time = 19:15
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 31
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|127|km}}, carried Albert IV{{rp|388–390}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Blossom IVD
|user = AMC
|function = Aeronomy / Ionospheric / Solar X-Ray / Biological
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 8 December
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 15 December |time = 17:10
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1
|flight = USAF 2
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|0.3|km}}, exploded shortly after leaving tower{{rp|48–49}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = AFCRL / University of Michigan
|function = Solar X-Ray / Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 15 December
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
|}
=1950=
{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|1950 launches}}}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 15 January |time = 23:45
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-10
|flight = A15
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}{{USS|Norton Sound|AVM-1|6}}, Gulf of Alaska
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Ship-launched; Apogee: {{convert|72|km}}, maiden flight of the RTV-N-10{{rp|279–280}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = APL
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 15 January
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 18 January |time = 23:17
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-10
|flight = A16
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Norton Sound, Pacific Ocean near the state of Washington
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Ship-launched; Apogee: {{convert|80|km}}{{rp|281–282}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = APL
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 18 January
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 9 February |time = 21:44
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Viking (first model)
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33 – Army Launch Area 1
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Veered off-course, failed to reach space, apogee: {{convert|80|km}}{{rp|236}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Viking 3
|user = NRL
|function = Cosmic Radiation / Solar Radiation / Aeronomy / Imaging
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 9 February
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 14 February |time = 23:14
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-8
|flight = NRL 4
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|87.5|km}}, final flight of the RTV-N-8{{rp|298–299}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|function = Cosmic Radiation / Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 14 February
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 17 February |time = 18:00
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 53
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|148|km}}{{rp|444–445}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|function = Solar X-Ray / Cosmic Radiation / Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 17 February
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 22 February |time = 00:54:30
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-1
|flight = SC 9
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|49.1|km}}{{rp|204–205}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = USASC / University of Michigan / NRL
|function = Solar X-Ray / Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 22 February
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 4 March |time = 00:36
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-1
|flight = SC 6
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|72|km}}{{rp|198–199}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Grenades
|user = USASC
|function = Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 4 March
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 14 March |time = 20:43
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1
|flight = USAF 3
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|3.2|km}}, premature fuel cutoff after 4.75 seconds.{{rp|50–51}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = AFCRL / University of Rhode Island
|function = Solar Radiation / Sky Brightness
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 14 March
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 26 April |time = 01:11
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-2
|flight = SC 11
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|99.5|km}}, maiden flight of the XASR-SC-2{{rp|208–209}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = USASC / University of Michigan
|function = Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 26 April
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 12 May |time = 03:08
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Viking (first model)
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Norton Sound, Pacific Ocean, near Jarvis Island
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|169|km}}{{rp|236}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Viking 4
|user = NRL
|function = Ionospheric / Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 12 May
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 12 May |time = 12:30
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-10
|flight = A17
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|88.1|km}}{{rp|283–284}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = APL
|function = Cosmic Radiation
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 12 May
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 26 May |time = 19:43
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1
|flight = USAF 4
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|67|km}}{{rp|52–53}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = AFCRL / University of Rhode Island
|function = Solar Radiation
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 26 May
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 2 June |time = 17:07
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1
|flight = USAF 5
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|24.8|km}}, nose cone broke off at 2.8 seconds and rocket continued flying without nose. Some telemetry received and instruments operated satisfactorally, but experiments returned no data due to short flight duration.{{rp|54–55}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = AFCRL
|function = Sky Brightness
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 2 June
|outcome = Partial launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 20 June |time = 15:38
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1
|flight = USAF 6
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|92.5|km}}{{rp|56–57}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = AFCRL / University of Michigan
|function = Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 20 June
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 14 July |time = 08:39
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-1
|flight = SC 8
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|69|km}}{{rp|202–203}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Grenades
|user = USASC
|function = Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 14 July
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 24 July |time = 14:29
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}{{flagicon|USA|1912}}Bumper
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-3
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = First missile launch from Cape Canaveral; apogee: {{convert|20|km}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Bumper 8
|user = GE
|function = Low angle speed test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 24 July
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 29 July |time = 11:25
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}{{flagicon|USA|1912}}Bumper
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-3
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|35.2|km}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Bumper 7
|user = GE
|function = Low angle speed test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 29 July
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 3 August |time = 23:52
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-10
|flight = NRL 6
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|5.6|km}}, fuel line rupture caused sustainer to produce no useful thrust{{rp|302}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = NRL
|function = Sunfollower Spectroscopy / Solar X-Ray
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 3 August
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 17 August |time = 15:45
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-10
|flight = A18
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|101|km}}{{rp|285–286}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = APL
|function = Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 17 August
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 31 August |time = 17:09
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 51
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|137|km}}, carried a mouse which did not survive due to a parachute failure{{rp|438–440}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Blossom IVG
|user = AMC
|function = Solar X-Ray / Aeronomy / Ionospheric / Sky Brightness / Biological
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 31 August
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks = Maiden flight of the R-2 prototype missile; missed target{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/r/r-2.html|title=R-2|author=Mark Wade|website=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=7 December 2020|archive-date=1 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101090709/http://www.astronautix.com/r/r-2.html|url-status=dead}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 1 October
|outcome = Partial failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 1 October
|outcome = Partial failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 12 October |time = 19:36
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1
|flight = USAF 7
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|91.2|km}}{{rp|58–59}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = AFCRL / WADC / Boston University
|function = Photography / Temperature
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 12 October
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 17 October |time = 04:00
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-2
|flight = SC 10
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|80|km}}{{rp|206–207}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Grenades
|user = USASC
|function = Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 17 October
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 18 October |time = 04:30
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-2
|flight = SC 12
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|85.6|km}}{{rp|210–211}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Grenades
|user = USASC
|function = Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 18 October
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 21 October
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 21 October
|outcome = Partial Failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 26 October |time = 23:02
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|flight = V-2 No. 61
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}GE / US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch: {{convert|8.1|km}}, rocket exploded at 50 seconds, but experiment still considered successful.{{rp|460–462}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = Ballistic Research Laboratory
|function = Technology development
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 26 October
|outcome = Partial failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 27 October |time = 13:30
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-2
|flight = SC 13
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|80.1|km}}{{rp|212–213}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = USASC / University of Michigan
|function = Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 27 October
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 November
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 1 November
|outcome = Partial failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 November
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 1 November
|outcome = Partial failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 November
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 1 November
|outcome = Partial failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 November
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 1 November
|outcome = Partial failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 November
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 1 November
|outcome = Partial failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 2 November |time = 16:29
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1
|flight = USAF 8
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|92|km}}{{rp|60–61}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = AFCRL / University of Colorado / University of Denver
|function = Airglow
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 2 November
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 9 November
|rocket = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|Nazi}}V-2
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Project Hermes launch, apogee: {{convert|150|km}}, final flight of the Hermes II{{cite book |author=Michael J. Neufeld |date=2007 |title=Von Braun, Dreamer of Space, Engineer of War |location=New York |publisher=Vintage Books |page=249 |isbn=978-0-307-38937-4}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Hermes II
|user = US Army
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 9 November
|outcome = Partial Failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 21 November |time = 17:18
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Viking (first model)
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33 – Army Launch Area 1
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|174|km}}{{rp|236}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Viking 5
|user = NRL
|function = Ionospheric / Solar Radiation / Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 21 November
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 December
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 1 December
|outcome = Partial failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 December
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 1 December
|outcome = Partial failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 1 December
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 1 December
|outcome = Partial failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 11 December |time = 17:04
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-2
|flight = SC 15
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|0.3|km}}{{rp|216}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = USASC / University of Michigan
|function = Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 11 December
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 12 December |time = 04:06
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-2
|flight = SC 14
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|83.8|km}}{{rp|214–215}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Grenades
|user = USASC
|function = Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 12 December
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 12 December |time = 07:04
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Viking (first model)
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-33 – Army Launch Area 1
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|64|km}}{{rp|236}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Viking 6
|user = NRL
|function = Aeronomy / Solar Radiation / Ionospheric
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 12 December
|outcome = Launch failure
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 12 December |time = 09:10
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-2
|flight = SC 16
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|77.7|km}}{{rp|217–218}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Grenades
|user = USASC
|function = Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 12 December
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 12 December |time = 18:26
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1
|flight = USAF 9
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|106|km}}{{rp|62–63}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = AFCRL / University of Michigan
|function = Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 12 December
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 19 December |time = 18:52
|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-2
|flight = SC 17
|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35
|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army
|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|81.9|km}}{{rp|219–220}}
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = USASC / University of Michigan
|function = Aeronomy
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 19 December
|outcome = Successful
}}
}}
{{TLS-RL
|date = 20 December
|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}R-2
|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}Kapustin Yar
|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1936}}OKB-1
|remarks = Final flight of 12 mission prototype series; missed target
|payload = {{TLS-PL
|user = OKB-1
|function = Missile test
|orbit = Suborbital
|d-date = 20 December
|outcome = Partial failure
}}
}}
|}
{{TLS-M|1950}}
Suborbital launch statistics (1945–1950)
=By country=
{{Pie chart
| radius = 120
| legend = false
| thumb = left
| label1 = United States:
| value1 = 120
| color1 = #484785
| label2 = Soviet Union:
| value2 = 64
| color2 = #a52a2a
| label3 = United Kingdom:
| value3 = 3
| color3 = #beaf97
}}
| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ {{sronly|Launches by country}} ! scope=col colspan=2 | Country ! scope=col | Launches ! scope=col | Successes ! scope=col | Failures ! scope=col | Partial |
| scope=row style="background:brown;" | || style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USSR|1936}}
| 64 || 38 || 7 || 19 |
|---|
| scope=row style="background:#beaf97;" | || style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|UK}}
| 3 || 2 || 0 || 1 |
| scope=row style="background:#484785;" | || style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USA|1912}}
| 120 || 84 || 32 || 4 |
| colspan="2" | World
| {{sum|64|3|120}} || {{sum|35|2|84}} || {{sum|7|0|32}} || {{sum|19|1|4}} |
{{clear}}
= By rocket =
{{ #invoke:Chart | bar chart
| float = center
| width = 850
| height = 400
| stack = 1
| group 1 = 3:0:0:0:0:0
| group 2 = 59:0:0:0:0:0
| group 3 = 11:0:0:0:0:0
| group 4 = 0:8:0:0:0:0
| group 5 = 0:0:6:0:0:0
| group 6 = 0:0:0:16:0:0
| group 7 = 0:0:0:5:0:0
| group 8 = 0:0:0:9:0:0
| group 9 = 0:0:0:8:0:0
| group 10 = 0:0:0:9:0:0
| group 11 = 0:0:0:0:30:0
| group 12 = 0:0:0:0:6:0
| group 13 = 0:0:0:0:0:5
| group 14 = 0:0:0:0:0:12
| colors = #8a7f8d : #9090c0 : #cc8899
: #5e716a
: blue
: #5b59a6 : #363663
: #646e2b : #a7b847
: #25a7da
: #7a1f1f : #cb3434
: #994700 : #ff7700
| group names = V-2 (British)
: Bumper
: R-1
: R-1A
: R-2E
: R-2
| x legends = V-2 : Bumper : Viking : Aerobee : R-1 : R-2
| units suffix = _launches
| y tick marks = 5
}}
| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ {{sronly|Launches by rocket}} ! scope=col | Rocket ! scope=col | Country ! scope=col | Launches ! scope=col | Successes ! scope=col | Failures ! scope=col | Partial ! scope=col | Remarks |
| scope=row | V-2
| style="text-align:left;" | {{UK}} || 3 || 2 || 0 || 1 || style="text-align:left;" | Maiden flight, retired |
|---|
| scope=row | V-2 / Hermes II
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USA|1912}} || 59 || 40 || 17 || 2 || style="text-align:left;" | Maiden flight, first US spaceflight |
| scope=row | Bumper
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USA|1912}} || 8 || 3 || 5 || 0 || style="text-align:left;" | Maiden flight, retired |
| scope=row | Viking (first model)
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USA|1912}} || 6 || 2 || 3 || 1 || style="text-align:left;" | Maiden flight |
| scope=row | Aerobee RTV-N-8
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USA|1912}} || 16 || 13 || 3 || 0 || style="text-align:left;" | Maiden flight, retired |
| scope=row | Aerobee RTV-N-10
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USA|1912}} || 5 || 4 || 1 || 0 || style="text-align:left;" | Maiden flight |
| scope=row | Aerobee XASR-SC-1
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USA|1912}} || 9 || 9 || 0 || 0 || style="text-align:left;" | Maiden flight |
| scope=row | Aerobee XASR-SC-2
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USA|1912}} || 8 || 7 || 1 || 0 || style="text-align:left;" | Maiden flight |
| scope=row | Aerobee RTV-A-1
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USA|1912}} || 9 || 6 || 2 || 1 || style="text-align:left;" | Maiden flight |
| scope=row | V-2
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USSR|1936}} || 11 || 4 || 4 || 3 || style="text-align:left;" | Maiden flight, retired |
| scope=row | R-1
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USSR|1936}} || 30 || 27 || 3 || 0 || style="text-align:left;" | Maiden flight, first Soviet spaceflight |
| scope=row | R-1A
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USSR|1936}} || 6 || 4 || 0 || 2 || style="text-align:left;" | Maiden flight, retired |
| scope=row | R-2E
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USSR|1936}} || 5 || 3 || 0 || 2 || style="text-align:left;" | Maiden flight, retired |
| scope=row | R-2
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagcountry|USSR|1936}} || 12 || 0 || 0 || 12 || style="text-align:left;" | Maiden flight |
See also
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{TLS-L|year=1950|nav=on}}
{{featured list}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Spaceflight Before 1951}}