Spanish jazz
{{Short description|Music genre}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2013}}
Jazz in Spain began with an interest in Dixieland or New Orleans jazz.{{citation needed|date=October 2013}} In that time it evolved into other styles, often influenced by visiting Americans. In 1947 Don Byas introduced Tete Montoliu to bebop, and other efforts to combine jazz with flamenco occurred. Catalan and Galician music have influenced some regions.
Jazz in Spain suffered from many difficulties. These included cultural, political, and economic systems that were unsuitable for creativity. Francisco Franco's regime placed restraints on jazz. The return to democracy and the development of the economy allowed jazz to expand.{{Cite web|url=http://www.apoloybaco.com/directoriomusicosprincipal.htm|title=Apoloybaco|accessdate=18 February 2024}} In turn, some musicians took exile in Spain in the mid-20th century. Singer Donna Hightower took exile from the US in the late 1960s, and returned to the US in 1990.
Spain has many outdoor jazz festivals. The Donostia-San Sebastian Jazz Festival began in 1966. In the middle 1970s, the festival attracted Charles Mingus, Tete Montoliu, Ella Fitzgerald, Oscar Peterson, Dizzy Gillespie, Herbie Hancock, Lionel Hampton, John Lee Hooker, Sonny Rollins, B.B. King, Woody Herman, Freddie Hubbard, Weather Report, Gato Barbieri, Art Blakey, Mercer Ellington, McCoy Tyner, Chick Corea, Clark Terry, and Miles Davis. The festival held in Vitoria-Gasteiz, set up in 1977, also attracts musicians.
Jazz festivals
- Festival de Jazz de Barcelona (Barcelona){{cite web |title=Festival Jazz Barcelona - Web Oficial - Mejor precio garantizado |url=https://www.jazz.barcelona/es/ |website=www.jazz.barcelona |access-date=30 October 2023 |language=es}}
- Vitoria-Gasteiz jazz festival (Vitoria-Gasteiz){{cite web |title=Del 3 al 8 de julio de 2023 {{!}} |url=https://jazzvitoria.com/ |website=Festival de Jazz de Vitoria-Gasteiz |access-date=30 October 2023 |language=es-ES}}
- San Sebastian Jazz Festival (Donostia-San Sebastian){{cite web |title=58 Jazzaldia - Donostiako Jazzaldia |url=https://jazzaldia.eus/en/ |website=Jazz Aldia |access-date=30 October 2023 |date=7 August 2023}}
- Festival de Jazz de Terrassa (Terrassa){{cite web |title=Jazz Terrassa |url=https://www.jazzterrassa.org/ |website=Jazz Terrassa |access-date=30 October 2023}}
- Festival de Jazz de Valencia (Mar-i-jazz){{cite web |title=Mar i Jazz 2022 |url=https://www.marijazz.es/ |website=Festival de Jazz |access-date=30 October 2023}}
Jazz musicians in Spain
{{See also|:es:Categoría:Músicos de jazz de España}}
=20th century=
- Ramón Evaristo - bandleader, violinist
- Pedro Iturralde - saxophonist in jazz and classical
- Tete Montoliu - pianist
=Late 20th century=
{Established in late 20th century, and continuing later}
- Alberto Conde - pianist{{Cite web|url=https://www.albertoconde.com/|title=Alberto Conde Jazz|website=www.albertoconde.com}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.tomajazz.com/perfiles/conde_alberto_2007.htm|title=Alberto Conde: las raíces del Jazz || Perfiles || Tomajazz|website=www.tomajazz.com}}
- Chano Domínguez - pianist{{cite web |title=Musician Chano Dominguez |website=NPR |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301140001/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1335845 |archive-date=2019-03-01 |url-status=live |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1335845}}
- Jorge Pardo - saxophonist and flautist who worked with Chick Corea{{Cite web|url=http://www.chickcorea.com/rhumba_bios.html|title=Chick Corea's website|accessdate=18 February 2024}}
- Mario Rossi- samba and jazz[{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p314634/biography|pure_url=yes}} Biography] All Music
- Jorge Rossy - drummer who worked 10 years with the first trio of Brad Mehldau{{Cite web|url=https://www.crisscrossjazz.com/artist/RossyJorge.html|title=Jorge Rossy|website=www.crisscrossjazz.com}}
- Perico Sambeat - saxophonist, flamenco nominee in Latin Grammy Awards of 2005{{Cite web|url=http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/worldmusic/view/page.basic/artist/content.artist/gerardo_nunez___perico_sambeat_22336|title=Gerardo Nunez & Perico Sambeat: National Geographic World Music|date=17 November 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061117154140/http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/worldmusic/view/page.basic/artist/content.artist/gerardo_nunez___perico_sambeat_22336 |accessdate=18 February 2024|archive-date=17 November 2006 }}{{Cite web|url=http://www.pericosambeat.com/eng/links%20top/curriculumeng.htm|title=Perico Sambeat's website|accessdate=18 February 2024}}
- Ximo Tebar - guitarist[http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/musician.php?id=2207 Biography] All About Jazz
- Ignasi Terraza - pianist[http://www.apoloybaco.com/ignasiterrazadirectorio.htm Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619061455/http://apoloybaco.com/ignasiterrazadirectorio.htm |date=19 June 2006 }} Apoloybaco
- Tomatito - guitarist and composer blending flamenco and jazz{{cite news |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/lacontra/20101015/54062375230/soy-un-gitano-que-paga-sus-impuestos.html |title=Soy un gitano que paga sus impuestos |first1=Víctor |last1=Amela |first2=Ima |last2=Sanchís |first3=Lluís |last3=Amiguet |editor-first=Laura |editor-last=Guerrero |date=October 15, 2010 |access-date=May 31, 2019 |newspaper=La Vanguardia |language=es}}
=First established in 21st century=
- Ester Andujar - singer{{cite web|url=http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/musician.php?id=2208|title=Biography|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061124214634/http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/musician.php?id=2208 |archive-date=2006-11-24 }}
- Juan d'Anyelica - guitarist in flamenco and jazz.
- Paloma Berganza - singer{{cite web|url=http://www.iemeve.com/musico.php?nombre=paloma_berganza|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070920175457/http://www.iemeve.com/musico.php?nombre=paloma_berganza |archive-date=2007-09-20|title=Paloma Berganza - Canción francesa}}
- Oscar Peñas - guitarist and composer[http://www.allaboutjazz.com/oscarpenas Biography] All About Jazz {{deadlink|date=December 2023}}
- Alberto Porro Carmona - jazz conductor, musicologist, composer, and saxophone player
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://www.tomajazz.com Tomajazz: Spanish jazz, articles, interviews, news]
- [http://www.apoloybaco.com/ Apoloybaco]
{{Jazz}}
{{Music of Spain|state=expanded}}