Spectrolebias
{{Short description|Genus of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Specrolebias costae (10.3897-zse.94.28085) Figure 3.jpg
| taxon = Spectrolebias
| authority = W. J. E. M. Costa & D. T. B. Nielsen, 1997
| type_species = Spectrolebias semiocellatus
| type_species_authority = Costa & Nielsen, 1997{{Cof record|genid=10440|title=Spectrolebias|access-date=16 September 2019}}
}}
Spectrolebias is a genus of killifish in the family Rivulidae. These annual killifish are endemic to seasonal waters (like pools) in the Paraguay, Tocantins–Araguaia, Xingu and Mamoré–Grande basins in Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay.Nielsen, D.T.B. & Pillet, D. (2015): Spectrolebias bellidoi, a new annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae) from the upper Río Grande basin, Amazon basin, Bolivia. aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 21 (4): 180-187.{{cite journal |last1=Nielsen |first1=D.T.B. |title=Spectrolebias brousseaui (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae), a new annual fish from the upper río Mamoré basin, Bolivia |journal=Neotropical Ichthyology |date=2013 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=81–84 |doi=10.1590/S1679-62252013000100009|doi-access=free}}Nielsen, D.T.B. & Brousseau, R. (2013): Spectrolebias pilleti, a new annual Killifish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae) from the upper río Mamoré basin, Bolivia. aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 19 (3): 115-122. Each species generally has a small distribution and some are seriously threatened by habitat loss; the entire known range of S. reticulatus is in the area flooded by the Belo Monte Dam.{{cite journal | author1=Nielsen, D.T.B. | author2=M. Martins | author3=R. Britzke | year=2014 | title=Description of a new species of annual fish, Maratecoara gesmonei (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the rio Xingu system, Amazon basin, Brazil | journal=Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology | volume=20 | issue=2 | pages=87–96 }}
They are small fish, up to {{cvt|6|cm}} in total length.{{FishBase genus | genus=Spectrolebias | month=November | year=2018 }} As typical of killifish, males are more colorful than females.
Species
Spectrolebias was formerly regarded as a subgenus of Simpsonichthys.{{cite journal | author=Costa, W.J.E.M. | year=2010 | title=Historical biogeography of cynolebiasine annual killifishes inferred from dispersal–vicariance analysis | journal=Journal of Biogeography | volume=37 | issue=10 | pages=1995–2004 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02339.x | bibcode=2010JBiog..37.1995C | s2cid=86190659 }}{{cite journal | author=Costa, W.J.E.M. | year=2016 | title=Comparative morphology and classification of South American cynopoeciline killifishes (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheilidae), with notes on family-group names used for aplocheiloids | journal=Vertebrate Zoology | volume=66 | issue=2 | pages=125–140 | doi=10.3897/vz.66.e31538 | doi-access=free }}{{cite journal | author1=Loureiro, M. | author2=R. De Sá | author3=S.W. Serra | author4=F. Alonso | author5=L.E.K. Lanés | author6=M.V. Volcan | author7=P. Calviño | author8=D. Nielsen | author9=A. Duarte | author10=G. Garcia | year=2018 | title=Review of the family Rivulidae (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei) and a molecular and morphological phylogeny of the annual fish genus Austrolebias Costa 1998 | journal=Neotropical Ichthyology | volume=16 | issue=3 | page=e180007 | doi=10.1590/1982-0224-20180007 | doi-access=free | hdl=20.500.12008/26301 | hdl-access=free }} Although this split is generally accepted, a genetic study indicates that Spectrolebias is not monophyletic.{{cite journal | author1=Ponzetto, J.M. | author2=R. Britzke | author3=D.T.B. Nielsen | author4=P.P. Parise-Maltempi | author5=A.L. Alves | year=2016 | title=Phylogenetic relationships of Simpsonichthys subgenera (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), including a proposal for a new genus | journal=Zoologica Scripta | volume=45 | issue=4 | pages=394–406 | doi=10.1111/zsc.12159 | s2cid=86027315 }}
There are currently 9 recognized species in Spectrolebias:
- Spectrolebias bellidoi D. T. B. Nielsen & Pillet, 2015
- Spectrolebias brousseaui D. T. B. Nielsen, 2013
- Spectrolebias chacoensis (L. H. Amato, 1986)
- Spectrolebias costai (Lazara, 1991)
- Spectrolebias filamentosus (W. J. E. M. Costa, Barrera & Sarmiento, 1997)
- Spectrolebias inaequipinnatus (W. J. E. M. Costa & G. C. Brasil, 2008)
- Spectrolebias pilleti D. T. B. Nielsen & Brousseau, 2013
- Spectrolebias reticulatus (W. J. E. M. Costa & D. T. B. Nielsen, 2003)
- Spectrolebias semiocellatus W. J. E. M. Costa & D. T. B. Nielsen, 1997