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Sphecodes

{{Short description|Genus of bees}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| name = Sphecodes

| image = Sphecodes gibbus.jpg

| image_caption = Sphecodes gibbus

| taxon = Sphecodes

| authority = Latreille, 1804

| type_species = Sphecodes gibbus

| type_species_authority = (Linnaeus, 1758)

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = see text

}}

Sphecodes is a genus of cuckoo bees from the family Halictidae, the majority of which are black and red in colour and are colloquially known as blood bees.{{cite journal |last1=Prakash |first1=Anju Sara |last2=Jobiraj |first2=T. |last3=Bijoy |first3=C. |date=2020 |title=A checklist of bees (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Kerala |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345760563 |journal=Entomon |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=189–200 |doi=10.33307/entomon.v45i3.550 |s2cid=229027699 }} Sphecodes bees are kleptoparasitic on other bees, especially bees in the genera Lasioglossum, Halictus and Andrena. The adults consume nectar, but because they use other bees' provisions to feed their offspring they do not collect pollen.

Distribution

Sphecodes is a cosmopolitan genus with species represented on every continent.{{cite journal |last1=Özbek |first1=Hikmet |last2=Bogusch |first2=Petr |last3=Straka |first3=Jakub |date=2015 |title=A contribution to the kleptoparasitic bees of Turkey: Part I.,the genus Sphecodes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) |url=https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/abstract.htm?id=17353 |journal=Turkish Journal of Zoology |volume=39 |pages=1095–1109 |doi=10.3906/zoo-1501-43|doi-access=free }} The genus is also very species rich, with 21 species described from Siberia,{{cite journal |last1=Astafurova |first1=Yulia V. |last2=Proshchalykin |first2=Maxim |date=2015 |title=Bees of the genus Sphecodes Latreille 1804 of Siberia, with a key to species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae) |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286442757 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4052 |issue=1 |pages=65–95 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4052.1.3|pmid=26624777 }} 33 species from Central Europe, 17 species from the Indian region, 26 from the Arabian Peninsula and surrounding region,{{cite journal |last1=Astafurova |first1=Yulia V. |last2=Proshchalykin |first2=Maxim Yu. |last3=Schwarz |first3=Maximilian |title=The distribution of the genus Sphecodes Latreille (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) of the Arabian Peninsula and surrounding countries with description of hitherto unknown female of S. atlanticus Warncke, 1992 and male of S. dathei Schwarz, 2010 |url=https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/35361/ |journal=ZooKeys |year=2019 |issue=872 |pages=13–40 | pmid=31496884| doi=10.3897/zookeys.872.35361|pmc=6711934 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019ZooK..872...13A }} and 21 from Southeast Asia.{{cite journal |last1=Astafurova |first1=Yulia V. |last2=Proshchalykin |first2=Maxim Yu. |last3=Schwarz |first3=Maximilian |date=2020 |title=New and little-known species of the genus Sphecodes Latreille (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) from Southeast Asia |url=https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/51708/ |journal=ZooKeys |issue=937 |pages=31–88 |pmid=32547298| doi=10.3897/zookeys.937.51708|pmc=7280318 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2020ZooK..937...31A }} The genus is only represented in Australia in the northeast, with the species Sphecodes albilabris being thought to have been introduced to both Australia and the United States by accident.

Species

There are over 300 known species in the genus Sphecodes.{{cite web | url = https://www.gbif.org/species/1351262 | title = Sphecodes Latreille, 1804 | access-date = 16 July 2017 | publisher = GBIF.org}}{{cite journal | author1 = Petr Bogusch | author2 = Jakob Straka | year = 2012 | title = Review and identification of the cuckoo bees of central Europe (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Sphecodes) | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231181295 | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3311 | pages = 1–41| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3311.1.1 }}{{cite web | url = http://beesind.com/beesind2/sphecodes.htm | title = Genus Sphecodes Latreille | access-date = 16 July 2017 | publisher = Dr. Rajiv K. Gupta | work = An Annotated Catalogue of the Bee Species of the Indian Region |url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019163353/http://beesind.com/beesind2/sphecodes.htm | archive-date = 2017-10-19}}{{cite journal |last1=Astafurova |first1=Yulia V. |last2=Proshchalykin |first2=Maxim |date=2014 |title=The bees of the genus Sphecodes Latreille 1804 of the Russian Far East, with key to species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae) |url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270292441 |journal=Zootaxa |volume= 3887 |issue=5 |pages=501–528 |doi=10.11646/Zootaxa.3887.5.1|pmid=25543947 }} As of 2015, there were 319 valid species described.

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References

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{{Brood parasite}}

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Category:Halictidae

Category:Bee genera

Category:Brood parasites

Category:Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille