Spiny red gurnard
{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Other uses|Red gurnard (disambiguation){{!}}Red gurnard}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Spiny red gurnard
| image = Rubio rojo (Chelidonichthys spinosus), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2022-07-19, DD 48.jpg
| image_caption =
| genus = Chelidonichthys
| species = spinosus
| authority = (McClelland, 1844)
| synonyms = * Trigla spinosus McClelland, 1844
| synonyms_ref = {{FishBase|Chelidonichthys|spinosus|month=February|year=2022}}
}}
The spiny red gurnard (Chelidonichthys spinosus) is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triglidae, the gurnards and sea robins. This species is found in the northwestern Pacific Ocean where they occur at depths of from {{convert|25|to|615|m|ft}}. This species grows to a length of {{convert|40|cm|in}} TL. This species is of commercial importance as a food fish.
==Taxonomy==
The spiny red gurnard was first formally described as Trigla spinosus in 1844 by the British medical doctor and naturalist John McClelland with the type locality given a "China".{{Cof genus | genus = Chelidonichthys | access-date = 13 June 2022}} Within the genus Chelidonichthys this species is classified in the nominate subgenus. The specific name spinosus means "spiny" and alludes to the spine on either side of the nape, the large spine on humeral bone above the pectoral fins, a small spine on the operculum, and the pair of spines on the lower corner of the preoperculum.{{cite web | url = https://etyfish.org/perciformes12/ | title = Order Perciformes (Part 12): Suborder Triglioidei: Families Triglidae and Peristediidae | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | editor1= Christopher Scharpf | editor2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp |date = 10 June 2021 | access-date = 13 June 2022 | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}
Description
The spiny red gurnard has a large triangular shaped head which bears a number of ridges and spines, although it does not have an occipital groove. The diameter of the eyes exceeds the distance between them. Both the soft-rayed dorsal fin and the anal fin contain between 15 and 17 soft rays and the base of both the dorsal fins have small, robustly spined plates, known as bucklers, which result in ossification of the pteridygiophores. There are small scales on the body but the breast lacks scales. The overall colour is olive or brownish, changing to red under stress. The lower part of the pectoral fins has a large number of bluish spots scattered over it. There is some times a black blotch on the inner pectoral fin.{{cite book | editor1 =Carpenter, K.E. | editor2 = Niem, V.H. | title = FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae) | publisher = FAO, Rome | year = 1999 | chapter = Triglidae Gurnards, sea robins (also, armoured gurnards, armoured sea robins) | author = W.J. Richards | pages = 2359–2382 | isbn = 9251043019}} This species has attained a maximum published total length of {{cvt|40|cm}} and a maximum published weight of {{cvt|950|g}}.
Rubio rojo (Chelidonichthys spinosus), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2020-07-23, DD 51.jpg|Spiny red gurnard with its characteristic super-enlarged pectoral fins.
Rubio rojo (Chelidonichthys spinosus), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2021-09-09, DD 05.jpg|Top view
Rubio rojo (Chelidonichthys spinosus), Madeira, Portugal, 2019-05-30, DD 18.jpg|Camouflaged in gravel
Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.ART.216 - Chelidonichthys spinosus (McClleland) - Kawahara Keiga - 1823 - 1829 - Siebold Collection - pencil drawing - water colour.jpeg|Spiny red gurnard, painted by Kawahara Keiga (1823-1829)
Distribution and habitat
The spiny red gurnard is found in the northwestern Pacific Ocean in the China Sea, Yellow Sea and in Japan mainly west of Kyushu. occurs in the tropical to warm temperate areas on sandy or sandy mud substrates at depths of {{cvt|25|to|630|m}}.
Fisheries
As food
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Commons}}
{{Triglidae}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2723618}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:gurnard, red, spiny}}
Category:Marine fauna of East Asia
{{Scorpaeniformes-stub}}