Splint (medicine)

File:Deroyal splint-cropped.jpg

• By the emergency medical services or by volunteer first responders, to temporarily immobilize a fractured limb before transportation;
• By allied health professionals such as occupational therapists, physiotherapists and orthotists, to immobilize an articulation (e.g. the knee) that can be freed while not standing (e.g. during sleep);
• By athletic trainers to immobilize an injured bone or joint to facilitate safer transportation of the injured person; or
• By emergency department (ED) physicians to stabilize fractures or sprains until follow-up appointment with an orthopedist.

{{redirect|Sugar tong|a utensil|Sugar tongs}}

File:Blausen 0036 AnkleStirrupSplint.png

File:Finger splint.jpg

• Ankle stirrup – Used for the ankles.[https://www.braceshop.com/category/braces-and-supports/ankle-braces/stirrup-ankle-braces Stirrup braces] – Retrieved 22 October 2017
• Finger splints – Used for the fingers. A "mallet" or baseball finger is a rupture of the extensor tendon and sometimes including a fracture. While surgery may be necessary such an injury may heal if placed in a finger splint.[http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00018 OrthoInfo: Mallet Finger (Baseball Finger)] – Retrieved 23 October 2017
• Nasal splint[http://www.summitmedicalusa.com/products/ent/rhinology/splint-stent.php Summit Medical: Nasal Splints and Stents] – Retrieved 22 October 2017
• Posterior lower leg
• Posterior full leg
• Posterior elbow
• Sugar tong – Used for the forearm or wrist. They are named "sugar-tong" due to their long, U-shaped characteristics, similar to a type of utensil used to pick up sugar cubes.[https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/80127-overview Medscape: Sugar-Tong Forearm Splinting] – Retrieved 22 October 2017
• Thumb spica – Used for the thumb.[https://www.letmedco.com/blog/product-uses/the-thumb-spica-splint-and-its-uses Letmedco: The Thumb Spica Splint and its Uses]- Retrieved 22 October 2017
• Ulnar gutter – Used for the forearm to the palm.[http://www.alimed.com/ulnar-gutter-wrist-splint.html Ulnar Gutter Wrist Splint] – Retrieved 22 October 2017
• Volar wrist splint – Used for the wrist.[https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/109769-overview Medscape: Volar Splinting] – Retrieved 22 October 2017
• Wrist/arm splint – Used for the wrist or arm.

Splinting has been used since ancient times. Evidence suggests that splint usage dates back to 1500 B.C. that could treat not only fractures but burns as well.{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}} These splints were made from materials like, "leaves, reeds, bamboo, and bark padded with linen … [and] copper." Mummies from Egypt have been uncovered wearing splints from previous injuries that were obtained in their lifetime. Hippocrates, alive from 460 to 377 B.C., was very well known for his discoveries and techniques for splinting. He created a "distraction splint" that was advanced for his time. The splint, made up of leather cuffs that were separated by slim wooden slats, worked to repair the fracture and realign the bones. Around 1000 A.D. the use of Hippocrates' splinting technique using plants, like palm branches and cane halves, continued to be practiced. Flour dust, egg whites, and vegetable mixtures were created to form plaster for creating splints. Most splints in ancient times were cast-like and made to immobilize an area of the body. This is illustrated by the Aztecs around 1400 A.D. They made splints with leaves, leather, and paste.{{Cite journal|last=Fess|first=Elaine Ewing|date=April 2002|title=A History of splinting: To understand the present, view the past|journal=Journal of Hand Therapy|volume=15|issue=2|pages=97–132|doi=10.1053/hanthe.2002.v15.0150091|pmid=12086034 |issn=0894-1130}}

In the early 1500s gunpowder was introduced to Europe which caused a serious decline in the market of armor making. Armor makers had to figure out how to make a living with the skills they had already acquired. This led to the creation of braces due to the common use of metal in braces. Armor makers were knowledgeable in areas of the exterior anatomy and joint alignment, making braces the obvious replacement for their armor making. In 1517, after the evolution of the armor trade, injuries were being treated by metal braces secured by screws. Jumping to 1592, the first written piece on splints by surgeon Hieronymus Fabricius, shows various drawings of armor-like splints for the entire body.

File:17th century correction frame.jpg

In the mid-1700s, doctors and mechanics worked with each other to create splints for certain injuries. Surgeons need these mechanics to design and build the splints for them. Most splints were made of metal. Plaster of Paris, a white powdery substance used mostly for casts and molds in the form of a quick-setting paste with water, began to be used for immobilizing splints.{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plaster+of+paris|title=Definition of PLASTER OF PARIS|website=www.merriam-webster.com|access-date=15 April 2019}} This method was not a popular way of splinting as it took too long to dry and suitable fabric was sparse.

In the 1800s it was beginning to be recognized that rehabilitation after an injury was important. Orthopedics started to become a separate field from general surgery. A famous British Surgeon, Hugh Owen Thomas, created specialty splints that were cheap and best for injuries that were being rehabilitated. By 1883, mechanics and surgeons separated due to class issues. This created two different areas that shaped the way braces were being created and distributed. Around 1888, F. Gustav Ernst, a dedicated mechanic, released a book illustrating upper body splints. In 1899, orthopedic surgeon Alessandro Codivilla followed suit and published a book explaining the importance of using surgical procedures to set up better results using splints.

• SAM splint
• Traction splint
• Vacuum splint
• Cervical collar
• Kendrick extrication device
• Long spine board
• Orthopedic surgery
• Buddy wrapping
• PASG (Pneumatic Anti-Shock Garment)

{{Reflist}}

• [http://www.webmd.com/hw/joint_problems/aa1232.asp Home Treatment for Finger, Hand & Wrist Injuries on WebMD]
• [http://www.webmd.com/hw/skin_wounds/tp21128.asp Cast & Splint Care Tips on WebMD]

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Category:Emergency medical equipment

Category:Occupational therapy

Category:Orthopedic treatment