Sprota

{{Short description|10th-century wife and mother of Norman dukes}}

Sprota was an early 10th century woman of obscure origin who became wife "in the Viking fashion" (more danico)Van Houts, Gesta Normannorum Ducum, 1994, 1:xxxviiiReynolds, Marriage in the Western Church, 1992, 111 of William I, Duke of Normandy, by her becoming mother of his successor, Duke Richard I. After the death of William, she married a wealthy landowner, Esperleng, by him having another son, Norman nobleman Rodulf of Ivry.Philippe, La Normandie an xe siècle, 1845, 6Crouch, The Normans, 2007, 26Van Houts, The Normans in Europe, 2000, 4

Life

The first mention of Sprota is by her contemporary, Flodoard of Reims. Although he does not name her, he identifies her under the year [943] as the mother of "William’s son [Richard] born of a Breton concubine".Fanning and Bachrach, The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 2011, p. 37 Elisabeth van Houts wrote "on this reference rests the identification of Sprota, William Longsword’s wife 'according to the Danish custom', as of Breton origin",Van Houts, The Normans in Europe, 2000, 47 n. 77 and this could apply to someone of native Breton, Scandinavian, or Frankish ethnicity, the latter being the most likely based on her name spelling.Van Houts, The Normans in Europe, 2000, p. 182 The first to provide her name was William of Jumièges,Keats-Rohan, 'Poppa of Bayeux and Her Family', 1997, 192Van Houts, Gesta Normannorum Ducum, 1992, 1:78-9 writing in the second half of the 11th century. The name Sprota seems to contain the same root as the anthroponym Sprot found in the Domesday Book and in various place-names both in England such as Sprotbrough (Sproteburg 1086) and in Normandy like the Eprevilles, such as Epreville (Sprovilla 1025),{{cite book |publisher=A. et J. Picard |date=1981 |first1=François |isbn=2-7084-0067-3 |language=fr |last1=de Beaurepaire |location=Paris |oclc=9675154 |page=104 |title=Les Noms des communes et anciennes paroisses de l'Eure}}. which is at the same time Anglo-Saxon as Sprota,A. D. Mills, A Dictionary of British Place Names, Oxford University PressPrint, 2011, ISBN 9780199609086, p. 619 [https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199609086.001.0001/acref-9780199609086-e-12214?rskey=mZqqN2&result=12371] Anglo-Scandinavian and Scandinavian (see Sproti[https://www.nordicnames.de/wiki/Sproti Sproti on Nordic Names (online reading)]).

The non-Christian nature of her relationship with William became a source of ridicule for her son Richard. The French King Louis "abused the boy with bitter insults", calling him "the son of a whore who had seduced another woman's husband."Van Houts, Gesta Normannorum Ducum, 1992, 1:102-3 n. 5Albu, The Normans in their histories, 2001, 69.

At the time of the birth of her first son Richard, Sprota was living in her own household at Bayeux, under William's protection. William, having just quashed a rebellion at Pré-de Bataille ({{Circa|936}}),The date of the battle and as such Richard's birth is commonly given as c.936 but according to the Annals of Jumièges (ed. Laporte, p. 53) Richard was baptized in 938. See Van Houts, Gesta Normannorum Ducum, 1992, 1:78-9 n. 5. received the news by a messenger that Sprota had just given birth to a son; delighted at the news William ordered his son to be baptized and given the personal name of Richard. William's steward Boto became the boy's godfather.Van Houts, Gesta Normannorum Ducum, 1992, 1:78-9 n. 3

After the death of William Longsword and the captivity of her son Richard, she had been "collected" from her dangerous situation by the "immensely wealthy" Esperleng. Robert of Torigni identified Sprota's second husbandProbably also in the Viking or Danish fashion of marriage. See: Searle, Predatory Kinship, 1988, 291 n. 2 as Esperleng, a wealthy landowner who operated mills at Pîtres.Searle, Predatory Kinship, 1988, 108

Family

By William I Longsword she was the mother of:

Richard I, Duke of NormandySchwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln, 1984,

By Esperling of Vaudreuil she was the mother of:

Rodulf, Count of IvrySchwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln, 1989, 694A
several daughters who married Norman magnates

Genealogy

{{chart|border=0| | | | | | | | | ROL | | | | | |ROL=Rollo
of Normandy}}

{{chart|border=0| THE |-| LUI |-| WIL |V| SPR |v| ESP | THE=Theobald I
Count of Blois| LUI=Luitgarde
of Vermandois | WIL=William I
Longsword
of Normandy| SPR=Sprota | ESP=Esperling
of Vaudreuil}}

{{chart|border=0| EMA |-| RIC |V| GUN | | HER | | ROD |v| AUB | | dau |EMA=Emma
of Paris | RIC=Richard I
of Normandy | GUN=Gunnor | HER=Herfast
of Crépon | ROD=Rodulf
of Ivry | AUB=Aubrey
of Canville | dau=several
daughters }}

{{chart|border=0| RIC | | ROB | | oth | | OSB |v| EMA | | HUG | | JON |RIC=Richard II
of Normandy | ROB=Robert
archbishop
of Rouen | oth=others

|OSB=Osbern
the Steward|EMA=Emma
of Ivrea | HUG = Hugh
Bishop of
Bayeux|JON=John
Archbishop
of Rouen}}

{{chart|border=0| DUK | | | | | | | | | | WFO | |OFO|DUK=Dukes of
Normandy
Kings of
England|WFO=William
Fitz Osbern
Earl of
Hereford| OFO=Osbern
Fitz Osbern
Bishop of
Exeter}}

Notes

References

Sources

Emily Albu, The Normans in their histories: propaganda, myth and subversion, (Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 2001).
David Crouch, The Normans: The History of a Dynasty, (Hambledon Continuum, 2007).
Steven Fanning and Bernard S. Bachrach, trans., The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 916-966, (University of Toronto Press, 2011).
Katherine S. B. Keats-Rohan, 'Poppa of Bayeux and Her Family', The American Genealogist, vol. 72 (July–October 1997), pp. 187–204.
Delphine Lemaître Philippe, La Normandie an xe siècle, suivie des Recherches sur les droits des rois de France au patronage d'Illeville, (A. Perone, Rouen, 1845).
Philip Lyndon Reynolds, Marriage in the Western Church, (Leiden; New York: E.J. Brill, 1994).
Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II: Die Ausserdeutschen Staaten Die Regierenden Häuser der Übrigen Staaten Europas(Marburg, Germany: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, 1984).
Eleanor Searle, Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840-1066 (University of California Press, Berkeley, 1988).
Elizabeth M. C. Van Houts, trans., The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni, (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1992).
Elizabeth M. C. Van Houts, trans., The Normans in Europe, (Manchester University Press, 2000).

Category:Duchesses of Normandy

Category:10th-century Normans

Category:10th-century French people

Category:10th-century French women

Category:10th-century Norman women

Category:Mothers of French monarchs