Squaliobarbinae
{{Short description|Subfamily of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Mylopharyngodon piceus.jpg
| image_caption = Mylopharyngodon piceus
| taxon = Squaliobarbinae
}}
Squaliobarbinae is a small subfamily of the carp and minnow family, Cyprinidae, which consists of three monotypic genera which have their natural distributions in eastern Asia. Two species, the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and the black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus), have been introduced to other parts of the world for weed control and aquaculture. They are large cyprinids characterised by an enlarged subtemporal fossa, the palate articulating with the supraethmoid, an enlarged intercalar bone in the cranial vault, and a divided levator posterior muscle.{{cite book | author1 = Joseph S. Nelson |author2 = Terry C. Grande | author3 = Mark V. H. Wilson | year = 2016 | title = Fishes of the World (partial)| publisher = John Wiley & Sons | isbn = 978-1119220824 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=E-MLDAAAQBAJ&dq=Squaliobarbinae&pg=PT238 }}
Genera
The three genera that make up the subfamily Squaliobarbinae are:{{cite web | url = http://www.fishbase.org/identification/SpeciesList.php?class=Actinopterygii&order=Cypriniformes&famcode=122&subfamily=Squaliobarbinae&genus=&areacode=&c_code=&spines=&fins= | title = Subfamily: Squaliobarbinae | accessdate = 9 December 2017 | publisher = Fishbase | editor1 = Riner Froese | editor2 = Daniel Pauly | year = 2017}}
| class="wikitable" | ||
| Image | Genus | Living species |
|---|---|---|
| 175px | Ctenopharyngodon {{small|Steindachner, 1866}} | * Grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella |
| 175px | Mylopharyngodon {{small|Peters, 1881}} | * Black carp, Mylopharyngodon piceus |
| 175px | Squaliobarbus {{small|Günther, 1868}} | * Barbel chub, Squaliobarbus curriculus |
Taxonomy
Cyprinids are a large, widespread, and diverse family of mainly freshwater ray-finned fishes, and the taxonomy of the family has not yet been fully resolved. Fishbase recognises the Squaliobarbinae as a valid subfamily, but recent studies suggest that this may not necessarily be the case. For example, the three genera of this subfamily have been placed in the larger subfamily Oxygasterinae, and Squaliobarbinae is listed as a synonym of Oxygasterinae.{{cite journal | author1 = Kevin L. Tang | author2 = Daniel Lumbantobing | author3 = Richard Mayden | year = 2013 | title = The Phylogenetic Placement of Oxygaster van Hasselt, 1823 (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) and the Taxonomic Status of the Family-Group Name Oxygastrinae Bleeker, 1860 | url = https://www.academia.edu/3849208 | journal = Copeia | volume = 2013 | issue = 1 | pages = 13–22 | doi=10.1643/cg-10-121| s2cid = 86421397 }} and the World Register of Marine Species treats all three taxa traditionally placed in the Squaliobarbinae as incertae sedis.{{cite web | url = http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=154163 | title = Cyprinidae Rafinesque, 1815 | accessdate = 9 December 2017 | publisher = World Register of Marine Species}} while the Catalog of Fishes places them in the subfamily Xenocyprinae.{{cite web | url = http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/Ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp | title = Catalog of Fishes | editor = William Eschmeyer | accessdate = 9 December 2017 | publisher = California Academy of Sciences}} However, at whatever level they are classified the three squaliobarbine taxa appear to be closely related and to form a clade.{{cite journal | author1 = He, Shunping | author2 = Mayden, Richard L. | author3 = Wang, Xuzheng | author4 = Wang, Wei | author5 = Tang, Kevin L. | author6 = Chen, Wei-Jen | author7 = Chen, Yiyu | year = 2008 | title = Molecular phylogenetics of the family Cyprinidae (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes) as evidenced by sequence variation in the first intron of S7 ribosomal protein-coding gene: Further evidence from a nuclear gene of the systematic chaos in the family| journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution| volume = 46 | issue = 3 | pages = 818–29| doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.06.001 | display-authors = 3| url = http://ir.ihb.ac.cn/handle/152342/8154 | pmid=18203625| url-access = subscription }} and have been referred to as the tribe Squaliobarbini.{{cite journal | author1 = Richard van der Laan | author2 = William N. Eschmeyer | author3 = Ronald Fricke | year = 2014 | title = Family Group Names of recent Fishes | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1 | pmid = 25543675 | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3883 | issue = 2 | pages = 001–230| s2cid = 31014657 | doi-access = free }}