St. Johns Bridge

{{Infobox Bridge

| name = St. Johns Bridge

| image = StJohnsBridge.jpg

| image_upright = 1.13

| caption = St. Johns Bridge in Portland, Oregon, in 2005

| carries = 4 lanes of {{jct|state=OR|US-Byp|30|dab1=Portland}}

| crosses = Willamette River

| locale = Portland, Oregon (Cathedral Park neighborhood, Northwest Industrial District/Linnton)

| maint = Oregon Department of Transportation

| design = Suspension bridge, Gothic

| designer = David B. Steinman

| heritage = Portland Historic Landmark{{cite web |title=Historic Landmarks -- Portland, Oregon |publisher=Portland Historic Landmarks Commission |format=XLS |date=July 2010 |url=http://www.portlandonline.com/planning/index.cfm?c=44013&a=146276 |access-date=May 8, 2016}}

| mainspan = {{convert|1,207|ft|m}}

| length = {{convert|2,067|ft|m}}

| below = {{convert|205|ft|m}}

| height = {{convert|400|ft|m}}

| open = {{start date and age|1931|06|13}}

| coordinates = {{coord|45.58508|-122.76477|display=inline,title}}

}}

The St. Johns Bridge is a steel suspension bridge that spans the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon, United States, between the Cathedral Park neighborhood in North Portland and the Linnton and Northwest Industrial neighborhoods in Northwest Portland. It carries the U.S. Route 30 Bypass. It is the only suspension bridge in the Willamette Valley and one of three public highway suspension bridges in Oregon.{{cite web |publisher=Oregon Department of Transportation |title=St. Johns Bridge Rehabilitation Project |url=http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/REGION1/StJohns/ |access-date=November 5, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061220085412/http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/REGION1/StJohns/ |archive-date=December 20, 2006}}

The bridge has a {{convert|1207|ft|m|adj=on}} center span and a total length of {{convert|2067|ft|m}}.{{cite web |publisher=Center for Columbia River History |title=St. Johns Bridge Dedication |url=http://www.ccrh.org/comm/slough/primary/stjbridge.htm |access-date=November 5, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509122844/http://www.ccrh.org/comm/slough/primary/stjbridge.htm |archive-date=May 9, 2016}} It is the tallest bridge in Portland, with two {{convert|400|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} towers and a {{convert|205|ft|m|adj=on}} navigational clearance.{{cite book |author1=Dwight A. Smith |author2=James B. Norman |author2-link=James B. Norman |author3=Pieter T. Dykman |title=Historic Highway Bridges of Oregon |publisher=Oregon Historical Society Press |year=1989 |page=113 |isbn=0-87595-205-4}} The adjacent park and neighborhood of Cathedral Park are named after the Gothic arch design of the bridge's towers and supports.

History

= Design and construction =

File:St. Johns Bridge, 1938.JPG

Designed by consulting engineers David B. Steinman (1886–1960) and Holton D. Robinson, of New York,{{Cite book |last=Bottenberg |first=Ray |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=laTfY36RfY0C&pg=PA87 |title=Bridges of Portland |chapter=Chapter Six: St Johns Bridge |pages=87–96 |year=2007 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-0-7385-4876-0 |language=en}} the St. Johns was the longest suspension-type bridge west of the Mississippi River at the time of construction. It is the only major highway suspension bridge in the Willamette Valley and one of only three major highway suspension bridges in Oregon.

At the time of the proposal to build the bridge, the area was served by a ferry that carried 1,000 vehicles a day. The proposal for a bridge was initially met with skepticism in Multnomah County, since St. Johns and Linnton were over five miles (8 km) from the heart of the city, and local business owners had minimal political clout. But after a lobbying effort that included a vaudeville-style show performed at grange halls and schools throughout the county, voters approved a $4.25 million bond for the bridge in the November 1928 elections.{{cite book |first=Carl |last=Abbot |title=Planning, Politics and Growth in a Twentieth-Century City |year=1983 |page=99 |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |isbn=0-8032-1008-6}} Initially, a cantilever bridge was proposed, but a suspension bridge was selected due to an estimated $640,000 savings in construction costs.{{Cite web |url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/master/pnp/habshaer/or/or0300/or0307/data/or0307data.pdf |title=St. Johns Bridge |last1=Link |first1=Gary |last2=Bennett |first2=Lola |date=1992 |work=Historic American Engineering Record |publisher=Library of Congress |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=December 17, 2022}}

The construction of the bridge began a month before the stock market crash of 1929 and provided many county residents with employment during the Great Depression.{{Cite book |last1=Wood |first1=Sharon |title=The Portland Bridge Book |publisher=Oregon Historical Society |year=2001 |isbn=0-87595-211-9}} Because of its proximity to the Swan Island Municipal Airport, some government officials wanted the bridge painted yellow with black stripes. County officials waited until St. Patrick's Day 1931 to announce that it would be painted green.{{cite news |title=Stumptown Stumper |work=Portland Tribune |date=August 31, 2006 |url=http://portlandtribune.com/component/content/article?id=101963 |access-date=July 23, 2013 }}{{dead link|date=September 2024}}

Dedication of the bridge was put off for one month in order to make it the centerpiece of the 23rd annual Rose Festival. It was dedicated on June 13, 1931, and during the ceremony, the bridge engineer, David B. Steinman, said: {{cquote | A challenge and an opportunity to create a structure of enduring beauty in the God-given wondrous background was offered us when were asked to design the bridge. It is the most beautiful bridge in the world we feel.{{cite web |publisher=St. Johns Historical Gazette |title=St. Johns: 1931 |url=http://www.aracnet.com/~histgaz/hgv1n3.htm |access-date=2006-11-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016043647/http://www.aracnet.com/~histgaz/hgv1n3.htm |archive-date=2006-10-16}}}}

File:StJohnsBridge1.jpg

The bridge was built within 21 months and one million dollars under budget. At the time of its completion, the bridge had:

the highest clearance in the nation,
the longest prefabricated steel cable rope strands,
the tallest steel frame piers of reinforced concrete,
the first application of aviation clearance lights to the towers, and
longest suspension span west of Detroit, Michigan.

= 1949 murder case =

Eighteen years after the opening, the St. John's Bridge became a site of an infamous murder in 1949, when a 15-year-old high school student Thelma Taylor was abducted and held by her captor, Morris Leland, near the east side of the bridge (which was undeveloped at the time, now near the location of Cathedral Park), and was eventually murdered there.{{cite news |date=August 12, 1949 |title=Man Confesses Slaying of Girl |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/413640975 |url-access=limited |access-date=November 10, 2023 |work=The Billings Gazette |page=1 |language=en |via=Newspapers.com}} The crime shocked the city and, after her captor was apprehended and later found guilty of first-degree murder, he was executed in January 1953.{{cite news |first1=James B. |last1=Miller |title=School Girl's Slayer Takes Death Calmly |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/80219087 |url-access=limited |access-date=November 10, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com |work=Statesman Journal |date=January 9, 1953 |page=1 |language=en}}

= Deterioration and present-day maintenance =

File:Staging area (St. Johns Bridge).jpg

By the 1970s, the bridge had been allowed to deteriorate, and cash-strapped Multnomah County asked the state to take over maintenance. Initially, the state declined, since it was also suffering from a lack of funds. But pressure from an association of county governments forced the state government to take it over on August 31, 1975. A county official estimated the move saved them $10 million during the first ten years of state maintenance.

Portions of the east approaches and east span were repainted beginning in 1987 and completed in 1994.

In 1999, the Oregon Department of Transportation announced a $27 million rehabilitation project that began in March 2003 and was completed in the fall of 2005. Included in the project was replacement of the deck, repainting of the towers, waterproofing the main cables, lighting upgrades, and improving access for bicycle and pedestrian traffic. By November 2004, renovation costs soared to $38 million, due mostly to the need to replace nearly half of the 210 vertical suspender cables. During the project, the bridge sidewalks were closed at all times. In addition, the entire bridge was closed at night and continuously for a month. The newly refurbished bridge was rededicated on September 17, 2006.{{cite web |title=St. Johns Community Celebrates Rehabilitated Historic Bridge |date=September 7, 2005 |publisher=Oregon Department of Transportation |url=http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/REGION1/news/StJohnscelebration.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060626073433/http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/REGION1/news/StJohnscelebration.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 26, 2006 |access-date=November 22, 2006}}

In July 2015, a group of protesters affiliated with Greenpeace rappelled from the bridge to prevent the icebreaker MSV Fennica from leaving Portland, because it was destined to help Shell Oil Company drill for oil in the Chukchi Sea. They stayed there for forty hours, prompting the icebreaker to turn around after an initial departure attempt a few hours into the blockade. The vessel did eventually get through after three climbers came down, although it was met by dozens of kayakers in the water who joined the effort to slow or stop the ship from moving forward.{{cite news |date=July 29, 2015 |title=Shell protesters rappel off St. Johns Bridge |url=http://koin.com/2015/07/29/kayaktivists-repel-off-st-johns-bridge-for-shell-protest/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730023119/http://koin.com/2015/07/29/kayaktivists-repel-off-st-johns-bridge-for-shell-protest/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 30, 2015 |work=KOIN |access-date=July 29, 2015}}{{cite news |first=Damien |last=Carrington |title=Leave fossil fuels buried to prevent climate change, study urges |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jan/07/much-worlds-fossil-fuel-reserve-must-stay-buried-prevent-climate-change-study-says |work=The Guardian |date=January 7, 2015 |access-date=July 30, 2015}}

In March 2019, an illegally constructed and partially finished skate park was discovered in the bridge's western cable house.{{Cite news|url=https://www.kptv.com/news/illegal-skate-park-being-built-under-st-john-s-bridge/article_3c835f06-4456-11e9-bdb0-e3e820704373.html|title=Illegal skate park being built under St. John's Bridge: 'It's not a good look'|last=Rush|first=Haley|access-date=July 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713071517/https://www.kptv.com/news/illegal-skate-park-being-built-under-st-john-s-bridge/article_3c835f06-4456-11e9-bdb0-e3e820704373.html|archive-date=July 13, 2019|date=March 11, 2019|language=en|work=KPTV}} {{YouTube|id=9bMVTrvgZMM|link=no}}. Following ODOT's concerns about the skatepark's impacts on the bridge's cable house, it was torn down in 2020.{{Cite web |last=Bascom |first=Sean |date=June 30, 2021 |title=DIY Skateparks Are a Proud Tradition in Portland. Can This One Survive an Angry Neighbor? |url=https://www.wweek.com/news/2021/06/30/diy-skateparks-are-a-proud-tradition-in-portland-can-this-one-survive-an-angry-neighbor/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |website=Willamette Week |language=en}}

Builders

Gilpin Construction Co. (Piers 1-15)
John A. Roebling's Sons Co. (Cable Design/Fabrication)
U.S. Steel Products Co. (Viaduct)
Lindstrom & Feigenson (Concrete Deck)
La Pointe Construction Co. (West Approach)
Wallace Bridge and Structural Steel Co. (Steel Fabricator){{cite web |title=St. Johns Bridge, Spanning Willamette River on U.S. Highway 30, Portland, Multnomah County, Oregon |publisher=Historic American Engineering Record |id=HAER OR-40 |url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/master/pnp/habshaer/or/or0300/or0307/data/or0307data.pdf |access-date=August 20, 2024}}

References

External links

{{HAER |survey=OR-40 |id=or0307 |title=St. Johns Bridge, Spans Willamette River at US Highway 30, Portland, Multnomah County, OR |photos=31 |color=2 |dwgs=3 |data=28 |cap=3}}
{{Structurae|id=20000510|title=Saint Johns Bridge}}

{{Crossings navbox

|structure = Crossings

|place = Willamette River

|bridge = St. Johns Bridge

|bridge signs = 20px

|upstream = Burlington Northern Railroad Bridge 5.1

|upstream signs = BNSF Railway

|downstream = None

|downstream signs =

}}

Category:1931 establishments in Oregon

Category:Bridges completed in 1931