St Anthony's Lighthouse

The lighthouse was designed by James Walker and built in 1835 by Olver of Falmouth, for Trinity House and the original light came from eight Argand oil lamps mounted on a revolving frame. The light was seen to flash once every twenty seconds.{{cite web | title = Lighthouse management : the report of the Royal Commissioners on Lights, Buoys, and Beacons, 1861, examined and refuted Vol. 2 | year = 1861 | pages = 49 | url = https://archive.org/stream/lighthousemanage02blak#page/49/mode/1up }} In 1865 an additional lamp and reflector were installed 'in the living room of the principal keeper' which shone a fixed light through a square window in the direction of a dangerous cluster of rocks known as The Manacles.{{cite book |last1=Elliot |first1=George H. |title=European Light-House Systems |date=1875 |publisher=Lockwood & co. |location=London |page=137 |url=http://access.bl.uk/item/pdf/lsidyv38f8413f |accessdate=10 March 2019 |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029210746/http://access.bl.uk/item/pdf/lsidyv38f8413f |url-status=dead }} (At the time the principal keeper and his family lived in the tower itself, while the assistant lived in the cottage, linked to the lighthouse by a covered way). After 1903 this subsidiary light was instead shown from a separate 'hut' {{convert|20|ft|abbr=on}} from the tower itself.[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/27620/page/7763 London Gazette, Issue 27620, Page 7763, 27 November 1903]

File:Cornwall; St Anthony's Lighthouse, Falmouth PPC To Miss James, Camborne, 1904.jpg

A fog-bell was installed in 1865,{{cite book |last1=Renton |first1=Alan |title=Lost Sounds: The Story of Coast Fog Signals |date=2001 |publisher=Whittles |location=Caithness, Scotland}} replaced in 1882 by a larger, two-ton bell, {{convert|5|ft|m|adj=on}} in diameter (reputedly the heaviest bell in Cornwall).{{NHLE |desc=Saint Anthony's Lighthouse and Keepers Cottage |num=1136282 |accessdate=11 March 2019}} It hung from a girder attached to the front of the gallery.{{cite news |title=Falmouth |work=The Cornishman |issue=193 |date=23 March 1882 |page=4}} A set of weights, descending a {{convert|38|ft|m|adj=on}} shaft, drove the rotating optic; during foggy weather additional, heavier weights were engaged and the same mechanism then also activated the bell, which sounded four times every minute.

After the closure of the lighthouse at St Agnes, Isles of Scilly in 1911, St Anthony's was (along with Cromer) one of the only major Trinity House lights still using reflectors rather than Fresnel lenses.{{cite EB1911|wstitle= Lighthouse |volume= 16 |last1= Douglass |first1= William Tregarthen |last2= Gedye |first2= Nicholas George | pages = 627–651; see end of page 633 |quote= and a few important land lights are at the present time of catoptric type, including those at St Agnes (Scilly Islands), Cromer and St Anthony (Falmouth)}} At that time it still used the same arrangement of eight lamps, providing a flash every twenty seconds.{{cite book |last1=Saxby Wryde |first1=J. |title=British Lighthouses: Their History and Romance |date=1913 |publisher=T. Fisher Unwin |location=London |page=88}} In 1912–13, however, work was underway for the 'improvement of [the] high and abolition of [the] low light':Parliamentary Papers (Income and Expenditure of the General Lighthouse Fund, 1912-13) volume 60, page 6 and by 1920, the light source had been changed to pressure vapour and a large (first-order) fixed Fresnel optic had been introduced (along with a clockwork occulting mechanism, which eclipsed the light for three seconds in every twenty).{{cite book |title=A pictorial and descriptive guide to Falmouth, the Lizard, Truro, St. Austell, Fowey, and south Cornwall |date=1922 |publisher=Ward, Lock & Co. |location=London}} The size of the lens meant that the height of the lantern had to be increased. As part of these improvements the subsidiary light was discontinued, being replaced by the addition of a red sector to the main lamp.

Electric light was introduced (in the form of a 24kW filament lamp) when electricity was connected to the lighthouse in 1954.{{cite journal |title=Electricity in Lighthouses |journal=Distribution of Electricity |date=July 1956 |volume=XXIX |issue=217 |page=352}} At the same time an experimental electric fog signal was introduced, sounding from 35 Tannoy emitters (subsequently Trinity House installed fog signals of this type at a dozen or so other lighthouses). The fog bell, which hung from the gallery at the front of the tower, was therefore decommissioned; it was donated to the nearby Penwerris church, but after many years of sitting on the church front lawn, was taken away to be melted down.

Today the light is automated, flashing every 15 seconds, with a red sector for The Manacles. The fog horn blasts once every 30 seconds.{{cite book|last=Denton|first=Tony|title=Lighthouses of England and Wales|year=2007|publisher=Landmark Publishing Ltd|location=Ashbourne|author2=Leach, Nicholas }} In 2022 the range of the light was reduced from 22 nautical miles to 12 (and the red sector light from 20 nmi to 9).{{cite web |title=Notice to Mariners, 04/08/2022: 28/2022 St. Anthony Lighthouse |url=https://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/notice-to-mariners/28/2022-st-anthony-lighthouse |website=Trinity House |access-date=26 October 2022}}

St. Anthony's lighthouse was featured in the intro of the UK version of Jim Henson's Fraggle Rock, as "The Fraggle Rock Lighthouse". Nearby St. Mawes is also featured in some scenes from the programme. It also featured in one of episode of Ragdoll Productions' preschool series; Tots TV.

{{Portal|Cornwall|Engineering}}

• List of lighthouses in England

{{Reflist}}

• {{Commons category-inline|position=left}}
• [https://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/lighthouses-and-lightvessels/st-anthonys-lighthouse St Anthony's Lighthouse at Trinity House]
• {{gbmapping|SW846311}}

{{Lighthouses of Trinity House}}

{{Lighthouses in England}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Anthony's Lighthouse}}

Category:Lighthouses completed in 1835

Category:Grade II listed buildings in Cornwall

Category:Grade II listed lighthouses

Category:Lighthouses in Cornwall

Category:Lighthouses of the English Channel