St Michael's Mount Tramway

The tramway was developed around 1900 by the castle's owner – Lord St Levan – to haul supplies ranging from building materials to groceries up to the castle and dustbins downhill. A notable traffic was Lord St Levan's regalia for the Coronation in 1953. It has never operated a passenger service, though one was contemplated in the late 1930s.{{sfn|Semmens|1964|p=585}}

File:A railway in a most unusual place - geograph.org.uk - 632113.jpg

The single track tramway originally ran from the quayside, but some years ago it was cut back to start from a short, level, enclosed loading area. At the castle end of this loading area the line plunges into a tunnel and begins its ascent which is entirely in tunnel. Most of the tunnel was built using the cut and cover method, with just the uppermost few yards being bored through granite. The tunnel is generally about {{convert|5|ft|m}} wide and {{convert|7|ft|m}} high, except for the section through granite which is about {{convert|6|ft|m}} high.

The line is level only at the loading areas at its ends. In between it runs on slopes ranging from 1 in 14 (7.14 %) near the foot to 1 in 1.9 (52.6%) for the last {{convert|40|yd|m}}, giving a total rise of {{convert|173|ft|m}}, emerging near the castle's kitchens.

The line's varying slopes and the curve near its foot makes the wire haulage rope more prone to thrashing{{cite web |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flail |title=as in move like a flail |website=Wiktionary }} than most rope-worked lines, where gravity usually holds the rope in rollers. It receives its greatest wear nearest the tram, so by buying a rope deliberately longer than necessary it is possible to cut the worn end off three times before needing to replace the whole rope. Until the mid-1920s a gas engine provided the motive power. A Ruston petrol engine was then installed to provide electricity to the castle, enabling rechargeable batteries to be installed to power the tramway. In 1951 the island was connected to the National Grid, since when the rope has been powered by a {{convert|12|hp|kW|lk=on}} AC motor. In 2018 the cable was reported to be wound by a Crompton Parkinson electric motor.{{sfn|Sunders|2018|p=313}}

File:St Michael's Mount - cable hauled railway.jpg

Several trams have been used over the years. That used in 1964 was built locally. It had a metal frame with a wooden floor lined with galvanised sheeting and wooden side planking, some of which could be lifted out by hand to make loading and unloading easier. The wheels were loose on their axles, which themselves were able to rotate. At that time four or five runs were made in a typical day, with considerable increases if building work was taking place when, for example, granite blocks and {{convert|20|ft|m|adj=on}} scaffolding poles have been carried. The current tram has the general appearance of a trunk on wheels.{{cite web |url=http://www.photofilecornwall.co.uk/cornwall-penwithandfarwest/st-michaels-mount-island.htm |title=Images of the current tram |website=Photofile Cornwall }}

Most details of this short line are uncontentious, but the line's gauge, which has not changed since it was built, is variously reported on line and in the literature as:

• {{Track gauge|2ft5in|lk=on}}{{sfn|Dart|2005|p=}} on an information board near the line in 2018.{{sfn|Sunders|2018|p=31}}
• {{Track gauge|2ft5.5in|lk=on}} in The Railway Magazine{{sfn|Semmens|1964|p=585}}
• {{Track gauge|4ft6in|lk=on}}{{cite web |url=http://www.hows.org.uk/personal/rail/stm.htm |title=St Michael's Mount Cliff Railway |website=Hows }}{{cite web |url=http://www.swehs.co.uk/swehs-trams/xx15i.html |title=St Michaels Mount, Cornish Cliff Railway |publisher=Hows Website |access-date=28 September 2016 |archive-date=5 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105010409/http://www.swehs.co.uk/swehs-trams/xx15i.html |url-status=dead }} in St Michael's Mount

In 2018, the tramway was reported as being "still in regular use, perhaps not every day".{{sfn|Sunders|2018|p=313}} However, the National Trust, which acts as the island's custodian, is said to "prohibit visitors from seeing it", though it is mentioned in the Trust's publicity.{{cite web |title=Village and Harbour |url=http://www.stmichaelsmount.co.uk/village-harbour/ |website=St Michael's Mount |publisher=National Trust |accessdate=2019-11-18}} The only part readily accessible to the public is the disused last few feet, ending at the harbourside wall,{{sfn|Bishop|2019|p=9}} in which a pair of wooden buffer stops is embedded.{{cite web |url=http://www.hows.org.uk/personal/rail/incline/smm/stmm23.jpg |title=St Michael's Mount Cliff Railway |website=Hows }}

{{Reflist}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite magazine |last=Bishop |first=John |editor1-first=Paul |editor1-last=Bennett |date=November 2019 |title=The National Trust (Visit report) |journal=Narrow Gauge News |issue=355 |publisher=Narrow Gauge Railway Society |location=Peterborough }}
• {{cite book |last=Dart |first=Maurice |title=Cornwall Narrow Gauge including the Camborne & Redruth tramway |year=2005 |publisher=Middleton Press |location=Midhurst |isbn=978-1-904474-56-2 }}
• {{cite journal |last=Semmens |first=Peter W. C. |editor1-first=B.W.C. |editor1-last=Cooke |date=July 1964 |title=St Michael's Mount Tramway |journal=The Railway Magazine |volume=110 |issue=759 |publisher=Tothill Press Limited |location=London |issn=0033-8923 }}
• {{cite magazine |last=Sunders |first=Charlie |editor1-first=Paul |editor1-last=Bennett |date=September 2018 |title=Drecky Express (Visit report) |journal=Narrow Gauge News |issue=348 |publisher=Narrow Gauge Railway Society |location=Peterborough }}

{{refend}}

{{Portal|Cornwall}}

• {{cite web |url=http://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/#zoom=16&lat=50.1184&lon=-5.4776&layers=6&b=1 |title=The tunnel on an Edwardian 6" OS map |website=National Library of Scotland}}
• {{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fic6yslcdoY |title=The tramway's harbour entrance |website=YouTube}}
• {{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCqEcJQpyx8 |title=The tramway in a Pathe News item |website=YouTube}}
• {{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=isNOTnrKsac |title=The tramway in a film of a year on the island |website=YouTube}}
• {{cite web |url=https://www.urban75.net/forums/threads/funicular-railways-of-the-uk-and-elsewhere.316632/page-2 |title=UK Funicular Railways |website=Urban 75 }}
• {{cite web |url=http://www.plymouthherald.co.uk/st-michael-s-mount-hottest-places-uk/story-29352083-detail/story.html |title=Day in the life on St Michael's Mount |website=Plymouth Herald }}{{dead link|date=March 2021}}

{{Coord|50.1183|-5.4782|type:landmark_region:GB-CON|display=title}}

Category:Rail transport in Cornwall