Standard Ten
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2017}}
The Standard Ten was a model name given to several small cars produced by the British Standard Motor Company between 1906 and 1961. The name was a reference to the car's fiscal horsepower or tax horsepower, a function of the surface area of the pistons. This system quickly became obsolete as an estimate of the power produced by the engine, but it continued to be relevant as a way to classify cars for tax purposes. Like other manufacturers, Standard continued to use the name to define the approximate size of their 'Ten' model long after the origins of the name had, in Britain, become inapplicable.
An experimental two-cylinder "10" was made in 1906, after which Standard's next car in that category was a four-cylinder 9.5 tax horsepower built between 1914 and 1919. They returned to the {{Text|10 tax horsepower}} market in 1934; this model was replaced in 1937 by a "Flying Ten" that lasted until the outbreak of World War II.
Standard again returned to the {{Text|10 tax horsepower}} market in 1954 with another Ten, which was supplemented in 1957 by an up-market version called the Pennant. The Ten and the Pennant were replaced by the Triumph Herald in 1961.
Edwardian 10 hp cars
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Standard 9.5 hp{{Sfn|Culshaw|Horrobin|2013|p=282}}
| image =
| caption =
| manufacturer = Standard Motor Company
| aka =
| production = 1914–1915, 1919
| assembly =
| designer =
| class =
| body_style =
| layout = FR
| platform =
| related =
| engine = inline four side-valve engine
1914–1915: 1087 cc
1919: 1328 cc
| transmission =
| wheelbase = 1914–1915: {{convert|90|in|mm|0|abbr=on|disp=flip}}
1919: {{convert|92|in|mm|1|abbr=on|disp=flip}}
| length = 1914–1915: {{convert|126|in|mm|0|abbr=on|disp=flip}}
1919: {{convert|129|in|mm|0|abbr=on|disp=flip}}
| predecessor =
| successor = 1934 Standard 10 hp
| sp = uk
}}
The name was first used in 1906 on an experimental two-cylinder {{Text|10 tax horsepower}} car.{{Sfn|Culshaw|Horrobin|2013|p=281}} The side-valve{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}} engine had a 70 mm bore and an 82 mm stroke, giving a capacity of 631 cc.{{Sfn|Culshaw|Horrobin|2013|p=282}}
A {{Text|9.5 tax horsepower}} four-cylinder car was introduced in 1914 and built until 1915. A version of this car, with increases in wheelbase and engine stroke, was offered in 1919.{{Sfn|Culshaw|Horrobin|2013|p=282}}
{{clear}}
10 hp (1934–1936)
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Standard {{Text|10 hp}}{{Sfn|Culshaw|Horrobin|2013|p=284}}
| image = 1933.standard.10.arp.jpg
| caption =
| manufacturer = Standard Motor Company
| aka =
| production = 1934–1936
| assembly =
| designer =
| class =
| body_style =
| layout = FR
| platform =
| related =
| engine = 1343 cc inline four side-valve engine
| transmission =
| wheelbase = base: {{convert|91|in|mm|0|abbr=on|disp=flip}}
optional: {{convert|94|in|mm|0|abbr=on|disp=flip}}
| predecessor = 1919 Standard 9.5 hp
| successor = 1934 Standard 10 hp
| sp = uk
}}
{{Empty section|date=October 2014}}
{{clear}}
Flying Ten
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Standard Flying Ten
| image =
| production = 1937–1939{{Sfn|Culshaw|Horrobin|2013|p=284}}
| body_style = saloon
2 door coupe utility[https://web.archive.org/web/20201121234845/https://www.justcars.com.au/cars-for-sale/-1940-standard-flying-10-utility/JCW5068710 1940 Standard Flying 10 Utility, www.justcars.com.au, as archived at web.archive.org]
| engine = 1267 cc Inline-four engine{{Sfn|Culshaw|Horrobin|2013|p=284}}
| transmission = Three speed manual
| length = {{convert|152|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}{{Sfn|Culshaw|Horrobin|2013|p=284}}
| width = {{convert|56.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}{{Sfn|Culshaw|Horrobin|2013|p=284}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|90|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}{{Sfn|Culshaw|Horrobin|2013|p=284}}
}}
The Flying Ten was a replacement for the earlier Ten with the semi-streamlined look of the Standard Flying range. The side-valve 1267 cc long stroke (100 mm) engine had a single Zenith carburettor and could produce {{convert|33|bhp|abbr=on}} at 4000 rpm.{{Sfn|Culshaw|Horrobin|2013|p=284}} Drive was to the rear wheels through a 3-speed synchromesh gearbox. The suspension was conventional at first with a solid front axle but this was upgraded to an independent set-up at the front with a transverse leaf spring in 1939. A top speed of around {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} was attainable. Brakes were cable operated using the Bendix system. In early 1941, 150 four-doors were built for the military, after civilian production had ceased.
A sportier version, the Light Flying Ten was also made.
{{clear}}
Post-war models
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Standard Ten
| image = 1954 Standard Ten.jpg
| caption = 1954 Standard Ten Saloon
| production = May 1954{{ cite web | url = http://www.standardmotorclub.org.uk/cars/eights/comm.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120220131852/http://www.standardmotorclub.org.uk/cars/eights/comm.htm | title = Standard 8's and 10's Commission Numbers | publisher = Standard Motor Club | archive-date = 2012-02-20 }}–1960
172,500 made
| assembly = United Kingdom
Australia[http://www.hudson-amc.org.au/historical/ami-the-start.htm Australian Motor Industries (AMI) The Start] Retrieved on 30 March 2012
India
| aka = Standard Companion (estate)
Standard 6 cwt (van & pickup) [http://www.car-brochures.eu/ukcommercialbrochures.htm British commercial brochures] Retrieved on 28 October 2011
Standard Cadet (Australia) [http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47597943 Standard Eight Has 'Big Brother', The Advertiser, Thursday 9 September 1954, page 20, as archived at trove.nla.gov.au]
Standard Vanguard Junior (Sweden)
Triumph TR-10 (United States) [http://vintagetriumphregister.org/10-2/ The Standard 10, vintagetriumphregister.org] Retrieved 24 March 2017
| engine = 948 cc OHV I4{{Sfn|Culshaw|Horrobin|2013|p=287}}
| transmission = Four speed manual
optional overdrive
| body_style = 4-door saloon
4-door estate car
2-door coupe utility
2-door panel van
| length = {{convert|144|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}{{Sfn|Culshaw|Horrobin|2013|p=287}}
| width = {{convert|60|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}{{Sfn|Culshaw|Horrobin|2013|p=287}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|84|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}{{Sfn|Culshaw|Horrobin|2013|p=287}}
| height = {{convert|60|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}{{cite journal| title = Second Hand car guide supplement| journal = Practical Motorist| volume = 6 Nbr 68| pages = between pages 768 & 769 |date = April 1960}}
}}
In 1954 the Ten was introduced as a more powerful, better-appointed version of the Standard Eight, with the Eight's Standard SC engine increased in size to 948 cc and sharing a similar frame and transmission. Overdrive (from March 1957) or a temperamental semi-automatic were available as options.
An estate (station wagon) version, the Companion, was launched in June 1955. It was among the first small British estate cars to have rear-passenger doors (like the saloon, and unlike its rivals such as the Ford Squire and Hillman Husky which used the two-door "van" arrangement).
A small number of left-hand-drive Tens were exported to the US and sold as the Triumph TR-10. On these, the two-tone colour arrangement normally reserved for the Pennant was available (though this export model was not tailfinned).
A Ten saloon tested by the British magazine The Motor in 1954 had a top speed of {{convert|69.0|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and could accelerate from 0-{{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in 38.3 seconds. A fuel consumption of {{convert|34.4|mpgimp|L/100 km mpgus}} was recorded. The test car cost £580 including taxes.{{cite journal |title = The Standard Ten| journal =The Motor| date = 4 August 1954}}
In 1955, supported by an inscrutable handicapping régime favouring small cars, a factory-prepared Standard Ten, driven by Jimmy Ray and Brian Horrocks, won the UK's RAC Rally.{{Sfn|Robson|1977|pp=40–41}}
For the United States export market the car was badged as the Triumph 10 and in Scandinavia it was sold as the Standard Vanguard Junior. In Australia the Ten was known as the Cadet.{{ cite web | url = http://www.standardmotorclub.org.uk/cars/eights/menu.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120220131500/http://www.standardmotorclub.org.uk/cars/eights/menu.htm | title = 8's and 10's | publisher = Standard Motor Club | first = Phil | last = Homer | archive-date = 2012-02-20 }}
File:Standard Ten 1959 Castle Hedingham 2008.JPG|1959 Standard Ten (facelifted model)
File:1960 Standard 10 Companion Front.jpg|Standard Companion estate car
File:1960 Standard 10 Companion Rear.jpg|Standard Companion estate car
File:Standard 10 6cwt Pick-up - Flickr - exfordy.jpg|Standard 6 cwt pickup
File:Standard Cadet.jpg|Australian market Standard Cadet
File:1956StandardVanguardJunior-front.jpg|A Scandinavian Standard Ten badged as the Vanguard Junior
File:Classic Triumphs -- CIAS 2012 (6911995721).jpg|Triumph 10 (Canada)
{{clear}}
Standard Pennant
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Standard Pennant
| image = Standard Pennant.jpg
| production = 1957–1960
42,910 made
| engine = 948 cc Straight-4 OHV{{Sfn|Culshaw|Horrobin|2013|p=287}}
| transmission = Four speed manual
optional overdrive
| body_style = saloon, estate
| related = Standard Atlas
| length = {{convert|142|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}{{Sfn|Culshaw|Horrobin|2013|p=287}}
| width = {{convert|59|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}{{Sfn|Culshaw|Horrobin|2013|p=287}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|84|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}{{Sfn|Culshaw|Horrobin|2013|p=287}}
| height = {{convert|60|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
}}
A tail-finned (with optional two-tone paint schemes) version of the Ten, the Standard Pennant was launched in October 1957. Engine power was increased to 37 bhp{{harvnb|Robson|2006|p={{Page needed|date=October 2014}} }} and an overdrive gearbox was offered as an option. other options included a radio, heater, leather upholstery and clutchless two-pedal control. Indian-produced Pennants were branded as "Standard 10", and lacked any bootlid trim other than the branding.
A Pennant tested by British magazine The Motor in 1958 had a top speed of {{convert|70.2|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and could accelerate from 0-{{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in 35.3 seconds. A fuel consumption of {{convert|40.2|mpgimp|L/100 km mpgus}} was recorded. The test car cost £728 including taxes of £243.{{cite journal |title = The Standard Pennant| journal =The Motor| date = 10 September 1958}}
File:StandardPennantVJY401.jpg
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References
{{commons category|Standard Ten}}
{{commons category|Standard Pennant}}
;Footnotes
{{reflist|30em}}
;Bibliography
- {{cite book |last1= Culshaw|first1= David|last2= Horrobin|first2= Peter|year= 2013|orig-year= 1974|chapter= Standard|title= The Complete Catalogue of British Cars 1895 - 1975 |edition= e-book|location= Poundbury, Dorchester, UK|publisher= Veloce Publishing|pages= 281–287|isbn= 978-1-845845-83-4}}
- {{cite journal| first = Graham| last = Robson| title =XK to Escort – 25 years of RAC Rallies| journal = Autocar | volume = 147 | issue = 4228| pages = 40–41 |date = 19 November 1977}}
- {{cite book |last=Robson |first=G. |title=A-Z of British Cars 1945–1980 |year=2006 |publisher=Herridge Books |location=Devon, UK |isbn=0-9541063-9-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/azbritishcars1940000robs }}
{{Triumph Motor Company timeline}}
Category:Cars introduced in 1914