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State President of the South African Republic

{{Short description|Head of state of the South African Republic}}

{{Use South African English|date=April 2018}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}

{{Infobox official post

|post = State President

|body = the South African Republic

|native_name = {{small|{{lang|af|Staatspresident van de Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek}}}}

|insignia = Coat of arms of the South African Republic.svg

|insigniasize = 140px

|insigniacaption = Arms of the South African Republic

|image = PKruger 1898 VA0952.jpg

|imagesize = 140px

|imagecaption = Longest serving
Paul Kruger
9 May 1883 – 31 May 1902

|style = His Excellency

|residence = Kruger House, Pretoria {{small|(Kruger)}}

|appointer =

|appointer_qualified =

|precursor =

|formation = 22 October 1866

|deputy = Vice State President of the South African Republic

|first = Marthinus Wessel Pretorius

|last = Paul Kruger

|abolished = 31 May 1902

|succession =

|salary =

}}

The state president of the South African Republic had the executive authority in the South African Republic. According to the constitution of 1871, executive power was vested in the president, who was responsible to the Volksraad. The president was elected for a term of five years and was eligible for re-election. The president had to be Burgher and also qualified to vote for the First Volksraad elections, over 30 years old, a member of a Protestant church, and never convicted of a dishonourable offence.{{cite web |last1=McCall Theal |first1=George |title=History of South Africa since September 1795 |url=https://webcms.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/183/fhya_library/Theal,%20G.M.%20History%20of%20South%20Africa%20since%20September%201795%20vol%204.pdf |publisher=SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & CO. |date=1908}}

The title before 1866 was {{langx|nl|President van de Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek}} and after 1866 {{langx|nl|Staatspresident der Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek}}).

The country was referred to as the Transvaal Republic by the British.

List of officeholders

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! rowspan=2| {{Abbr|No.|Number}}

! rowspan=2| Portrait

! rowspan=2| Name
{{small|(Birth–Death)}}

! colspan=3| Term of office

Took office

! Left office

! Time in office

colspan=6| Presidents of the Executive Council (1857–1866)
1

| 60px

| Marthinus Wessel Pretorius
{{small|(1819–1901)}}

| 6 January 1857

| 15 September 1860

| {{ayd|1857|01|06|1860|09|15}}

style="background:#e6e6aa;"

| –

|

| Johannes Hermanus Grobler
{{small|(1813–1892)
Acting}}

| 15 September 1860

| 6 December 1860
{{small|(ousted)}}

| {{ayd|1860|09|15|1860|12|06}}

style="background:#c0c0c0;"

| colspan=6| Civil War (1861–1864)

style="background:#e6e6aa;"

| –

| 60px

| Stephanus Schoeman
{{small|(1810–1890)
Acting}}{{efn|After 1862, the leader of rebel forces.}}

| 6 December 1860

| 17 April 1862

| {{ayd|1860|12|06|1862|04|17}}

rowspan=2| 2

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2| Willem Cornelis Janse van Rensburg
{{small|(1818–1865)}}

| style="background:#e6e6aa;"| 18 April 1862

| style="background:#e6e6aa;"| 23 October 1863

| style="background:#e6e6aa;"| {{ayd|1862|04|18|1863|10|23}}

23 October 1863

| 10 May 1864

| {{ayd|1863|10|23|1864|05|10}}

(1)

| 60px

| Marthinus Wessel Pretorius
{{small|(1819–1901)}}

| 10 May 1864

| 22 October 1866

| {{ayd|1864|05|10|1866|10|22}}

colspan=6| State Presidents (1866–1902)
1

| 60px

| Marthinus Wessel Pretorius
{{small|(1819–1901)}}

| 22 October 1866{{efn|The office of the State President was created by constitutional amendment approved at session of the Volksraad on 22 October 1866.}}

| 20 November 1871

| {{ayd|1866|10|22|1871|11|20}}

style="background:#e6e6aa;"

| –

| 60px

| Daniel Jacobus Erasmus
{{small|(1830–1913)
Acting}}

| 21 November 1871

| 1 July 1872

| {{ayd|1871|11|21|1872|07|01}}

2

| 60px

| Thomas François Burgers
{{small|(1834–1881)}}

| 1 July 1872

| 12 April 1877

| {{ayd|1872|07|01|1877|04|12}}

style="background:#c0c0c0;"

| colspan=6| First Boer War (12 April 1877 – 8 August 1881)
First British annexation (Transvaal Colony){{efn|The government of the South African Republic resumed to exercise its functions in accordance with the resolution of the Volksraad of 13 December 1880; Transvaal Territory was granted self-government in accordance with the Pretoria Convention, subject to the suzerainty of the British Crown, on 8 August 1881.}}

–

| 60px
60px
60px

| Triumvirate:

| 13 December 1880

| 9 May 1883

| {{ayd|1880|12|13|1883|05|09}}

3

| 60px

| Paul Kruger
{{small|(1825–1904)}}

| 9 May 1883

| 31 May 1902{{efn|Left the Republic for Europe on 10 September 1900.}}

| {{ayd|1883|05|09|1902|05|31}}

style="background:#c0c0c0;"

| colspan=6| Second Boer War (11 October 1899 – 31 May 1902)

style="background:#e6e6aa;"

| –

| 60px

| Schalk Willem Burger
{{small|(1852–1918)
Acting for absent Kruger}}

| 10 September 1900

| 31 May 1902

| {{ayd|1900|09|10|1902|05|31}}

style="background:#c0c0c0;"

| colspan=6| Post abolished with the Treaty of Vereeniging
Second British annexation (Transvaal Colony)

Timeline

{{#tag:timeline|

ImageSize = width:900 height:auto barincrement:21

PlotArea = top:10 bottom:40 right:200 left:20

AlignBars = late

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy

Period = from:01/01/1857 till:01/01/1903

TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal

ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:1857

ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:1857

Colors =

id:N value:gray(0.7)

id:B value:gray(0.3)

BarData =

bar:1

bar:2

bar:3

bar:4

bar:5

bar:6

bar:7

bar:8

bar:9

bar:10

bar:11

PlotData =

width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till

bar:1

from: 06/01/1857 till: 15/09/1860 color:N

from: 10/05/1864 till: 20/11/1871 color:N text:"Marthinus Wessel Pretorius"

bar:2

from: 15/09/1860 till: 06/12/1860 color:N text:"Johannes Hermanus Grobler (acting)"

bar:3

from: 06/12/1860 till: 17/04/1862 color:N text:"Stephanus Schoeman (acting)"

bar:4

from: 18/04/1862 till: 10/05/1864 color:N text:"Willem Cornelis Janse van Rensburg"

bar:5

from: 21/11/1871 till: 01/07/1872 color:N text:"Daniel Jacobus Erasmus (acting)"

bar:6

from: 01/07/1872 till: 12/04/1877 color:N text:"Thomas François Burgers"

bar:7

from: 12/04/1877 till: 08/08/1881 color:B text:"First Boer War"

bar:8

from: 13/12/1880 till: 09/05/1883 color:N text:"Triumvirate"

bar:9

from: 09/05/1883 till: 31/05/1902 color:N text:"Paul Kruger"

bar:10

from: 11/10/1899 till: 31/05/1902 color:B text:"Second Boer War"

bar:11

from: 10/09/1900 till: 31/05/1902 color:N text:"Schalk Willem Burger (acting for Kruger)"

}}

Last election

{{main|1898 Transvaal presidential election}}

{{Election results

|cand1=Paul Kruger|votes1=12858

|cand2=Schalk Willem Burger|votes2=3753

|cand3=Piet Joubert|votes3=2001

|source=Annual Register{{cite book |title=Annual Register for the Year 1898. |date=1899 |publisher=Longmans, Green, and co. |page=353 |url=https://archive.org/details/annualregister87unkngoog/page/n364/mode/2up |access-date=28 January 2021}}

}}

See also

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

{{reflist}}

External links

{{Commons category|Presidents of the South African Republic}}

  • [http://www.archontology.org/nations/south_africa/transvaal/ Archontology.org: South African Republic (Transvaal): Heads of State: 1857–1902]

{{Government of Transvaal}}

{{Heads of state and government of Africa}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:State President Of The South African Republic}}

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Category:1857 establishments in South Africa

Category:1902 disestablishments in South Africa