State bank
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File:SBI_Mumbai_LHO.jpg, Mumbai]]
In Australia and the United States, a state bank in a federated state is usually a financial institution that is chartered by the government of that state, as opposed to one regulated at the federal or national level.
In British English, the term is more or less synonymous with the term "national bank",{{cite web | title=state bank | website=Cambridge Dictionary | date=3 May 2023 | url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/state-bank | access-date=9 May 2023}} which refers to any bank owned and operated by a government or state.{{cite web | title=National bank definition and meaning | website=Collins English Dictionary | date=8 May 2023 | url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/national-bank | access-date=8 May 2023}}
Australia
Each Australian state formerly had a state bank, but all have since been privatised.
- New South Wales
- Government Savings Bank of New South Wales: established 1871, collapsed 1931 and taken over by Commonwealth Bank
- State Bank of New South Wales: established 1933, privatised and sold to Colonial Mutual in 1994
- Queensland
- Queensland Government Savings Bank: established 1865, taken over by Commonwealth Bank of Australia in 1920
- South Australia
- Savings Bank of South Australia: established 1848 as a private institution, nationalised in 1945, merged into the State Bank of South Australia in 1984
- State Bank of South Australia: established 1896, collapsed in 1991, subsequently privatised and rebranded as BankSA
- Tasmania
- State Savings Bank of Tasmania: established 1902, taken over by Commonwealth Bank in 1913
- Victoria
- State Bank of Victoria: established 1842, collapsed in 1991 and sold to the Commonwealth Bank
- Western Australia
- Bank of Western Australia: established 1895, privatised and sold to Bank of Scotland in 1995, now owned by Commonwealth Bank trading as Bankwest
- State Savings Bank of Western Australia: established 1863, taken over by Commonwealth Bank in 1931
United States
In the United States, the terms "state-chartered bank" or "state-chartered savings bank" are used in contradistinction to "national bank" or "federal savings bank", which are technically chartered across all US states.{{cite web | title=What is the difference between a state and a national bank? | website=Department of Insurance and Financial Institutions (Arizona) | url=https://difi.az.gov/faq/what-difference-between-state-and-national-bank | access-date=8 May 2023}} A national bank must have "National" or "N.A." in its corporate name, a Federal Savings Bank must have "Federal" or "F.S.B." in its name, while a state chartered bank cannot have "National" or "Federal" in its name.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}} All national banks and savings institutions are chartered and regulated by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency.{{cn|date=January 2025}}
State banks are chartered and regulated by a state agency (often called the Department of Financial Institutions) in the state in which its headquarters are located. In addition, state banks that are members of the Federal Reserve are regulated by the Federal Reserve; state banks that are not members of the Federal Reserve are regulated by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Therefore, virtually every state chartered bank has both a state and federal regulator. There are a very small number of state banks that do not have FDIC insurance.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}
Other countries
Usage of the term "state bank" varies in other countries. It is often a national bank of some type.
In India, the State Bank of India is an Indian multinational public sector bank and financial services statutory body.{{cite web| url=https://sbi.co.in/web/about-us/about-us| website= State Bank of India| title=About us| access-date=9 May 2023}} It is a defined type of bank in India known as a public sector bank, and the largest bank in India.{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/sbi-joins-rs-5-trillion-market-cap-club-stock-surges-26-in-three-months-122091400199_1.html|title=SBI joins Rs 5-trillion market cap club; stock surges 26% in three months|date=14 September 2022 |first= Deepak |last= Korgoankar |website= Business Standard| access-date=9 May 2023}} It was founded as a private commercial bank, then nationalised by the Government of India, and the product of several mergers.{{cite book |author1=Rajesh |title=Banking Theory Law N Practice |year=2009 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PHCQsprFST4C&q=allahabad+bank+established&pg=PA8 |publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education |page=8 |isbn= 978-0-07-009123-8 | access-date=9 May 2023}} Meanwhile, the State Bank of Vietnam is defined as an executive department under the Government of Vietnam, being the country's central bank that represents the government to manage functions of monetary, banking and foreign exchange operations as well as being the designated issuer of the national currency đồng.{{Cite web |title=SBV - Major Responsibilities |url=https://www.sbv.gov.vn/webcenter/portal/en/home/sbv/aboutsbv/major |website=State Bank of Vietnam |publisher=Government of Vietnam |quote=The State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) is a ministerial-level agency of the Government, acting as the Central Bank of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam; performs the State management functions of the monetary, the banking and the foreign exchange operations (hereinafter referred collectively as the monetary and banking operations); performs the role of a central bank as the money issuer, and as the bank for the credit institutions, and the provider of monetary services to the Government; and performs the State management of the public services under the SBV’s jurisdiction.}}