Statistics Canada

The head of Statistics Canada is the chief statistician of Canada. The heads of Statistics Canada and the previous organization, the Dominion Bureau of Statistics, are:

• Robert H. Coats (1918–1942)
• Sedley A. Cudmore (1942–1945)
• Herbert Marshall (1945–1956)
• Walter E. Duffett (1957–1972)
• Sylvia Ostry (1972–1975)
• Peter G. Kirkham (1975–1980)
• James L. Fry (1980)
• Martin B. Wilk (1980–1985)
• Ivan P. Fellegi (1985–2008)
• Munir Sheikh (2008–2010)
• Wayne Smith (interim 2010; 2011–2016)
• Anil Arora (2016–2024)
• André Loranger (2024–)

Statistics Canada publishes numerous documents covering a range of statistical information about Canada, including census data, economic and health indicators, immigration economics, income distribution, and social and justice conditions. It also publishes a peer-reviewed statistics journal, Survey Methodology.

Statistics Canada provides free access to numerous aggregate data tables on various subjects of relevance to Canadian life. Many tables used to be published as the Canadian Socio-economic Information Management System, or CANSIM, which has since been replaced by new, more easily manipulated data tables.{{cite web |last1=Statistics Canada |title=Frequently Asked Questions on Data Tables |url=https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/about/website-faq |website=Statistics Canada |date=26 April 2018 |access-date=20 June 2020}}

The Daily is Statistics Canada's free online bulletin that provides current information from StatCan, updated daily, on current social and economic conditions.{{citation |url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/dai-quo/index-eng.htm?MMN |access-date=4 August 2015 |date=nd |work=StatCan |title=The Daily}}

Statistics Canada also provides the Canadian Income Survey (CIS)—a cross-sectional survey that assesses the income, income sources, and the economic status of individuals and families in Canada.{{Cite web| series = Surveys and statistical programs |title=Canadian Income Survey (CIS)|access-date=25 February 2020| url = https://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=5200}} Data from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) is combined with data from the CIS. The February 24, 2020 reported statistics on the poverty based on the market basket measure (MBM).{{Cite web| series = The Daily |title= Canadian Income Survey, 2018|access-date=25 February 2020 |date=24 February 2020| url = https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/200224/dq200224a-eng.htm}}

{{asof|2012|2|1|post=,}} "information published by Statistics Canada is automatically covered by the Open License with the exception of Statistics Canada's postal products and Public Use Microdata Files (PUMFs)." Researchers using StatCan data are required to "give full credit for any Statistics Canada data, analysis and other content material used or referred to in their studies, articles, papers and other research works." The use of Public Use Microdata Files (PUMFs) is governed by the Data Liberation Initiative (DLI) License signed by the universities and Statistics Canada. Aggregate data available through the Canadian Socio-economic Information Management System CANSIM, and the census website is Open Data under the Statistics Canada Open License Agreement.{{citation |url=http://libguides.usask.ca/copyright/stats |title=Copyright at the University Library: Statistics & Data from Statistics Canada |work=University of Saskatchewan |date=nd |access-date=4 August 2015}}

By 24 April 2006, electronic publications on Statistics Canada's web site were free of charge with some exceptions.{{cite web |url=http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/060424/b060424a.htm |title=Access to Statistics Canada's electronic publications at no charge |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=24 April 2006 |access-date=1 December 2006}}

The historical time series data from CANSIM is also available via numerous third-party data vendors, including Haver Analytics,{{citation|url=http://www.haver.com/comment/comment.html?c=070524x.html|title=Haver Analytics|date=8 April 2005|access-date=18 June 2016}} Macrobond Financial,{{citation|url=https://www.macrobond.com/index.php/news/290/60/Macrobond-CANSIM|title=Macrobond + CANSIM|date=22 April 2016|access-date=18 June 2016}} and Thomson Reuters Datastream.{{citation|url=http://financial.thomsonreuters.com/content/dam/openweb/documents/pdf/financial/economics-data.pdf|title=Thomson Reuters Economics Data}}

The Canadian Research Data Centre Network (CRDCN) is a network of quantitative social sciences which includes 27 facilities across Canada that provide "access to a vast array of social, economic, and health data, primarily gathered" by Statistics Canada and disseminate "research findings to the policy community and the Canadian public."{{citation |location=Hamilton, Ontario |first1=Raymond F. |last1=Currie |first2=Sarah |last2=Fortin |title=Social statistics matter: a history of the Canadian RDC Network |url=http://www.rdc-cdr.ca/sites/default/files/social-statistics-matter-crdcn-history.pdf |isbn=978-0-9947581-1-8 |publisher=CRDCN |date=2015 |access-date=4 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104085401/http://www.rdc-cdr.ca/sites/default/files/social-statistics-matter-crdcn-history.pdf |archive-date=Jan 4, 2016 }}

Statistics Canada was formed by the Statistics Act,{{cite book |date=1972 |chapter=Chapter 15: Statistics Act |title=Acts of the Parliament of Canada |url=https://archive.org/details/actsofparl197072v01cana |version=Third Session of the Twenty-Eighth Parliament |volume=1 |publication-place=Ottawa |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada |pages=437–455}} which came into force on May 1, 1971.{{cite magazine |last=Grandy |first=J. F. |date=May 8, 1971 |title=Statistics Act—Coming into force and having effect upon, from and after the 1st day of May, 1971 |url=https://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=cangaz&id=12163&lang=eng |department=Proclamations |periodical=The Canada Gazette |version=Part 1 |number=19 |volume=105 |page=1177}} It replaced the Dominion Bureau of Statistics,{{cite book |first=David A. |last=Worton |date=1998 |title=The Dominion Bureau of Statistics: A History of Canada's Central Statistical Office and Its Antecedents, 1841–1972 |publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |page=286 |isbn=978-077351660-1}} which was formed in 1918. Statistics Canada published a print copy of the yearly almanac entitled Canada Year Book from 1967 to 2012{{citation |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/the-canada-year-book-is-history/article5246841/ |publisher=The Globe and Mail |title=The Canada Year Book is history |date=13 November 2012 |access-date=4 August 2015}} when it ceased publication due to ebbing demand and deep budgetary cutbacks to StatCan by the federal government. It was a yearly compendium of statistical lore and information on the nation's social and economic past, people, events and facts.{{citation |url=http://www65.statcan.gc.ca/acyb_r000-eng.htm |title=Canada Year Book (CYB) Historical Collection |date=31 March 2008 |publisher=StatCan}} The Canada Year Book was originally edited by a volunteer from the Department of Finance and published by a private company, which offset costs with advertisement sales. This method continued until 1879, at which time the record ceases, until 1885, at which time the Department of Agriculture took up the burden. The duty of publication was transferred to the Dominion Bureau of Statistics upon its formation in 1918.

On June 18, 2005, after years of study by expert panels, discussion, debate (privacy vs the interests of genealogists and historians), Bill S-18 An Act to Amend the Statistics Act was passed which released personal census records for censuses taken between 1911 and 2001, inclusive.{{cite web|title=Bill S-18: An Act to Amend the Statistics Act|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/About/Parliament/LegislativeSummaries/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=s18&Parl=38&Ses=1&source=library_prb|publisher=Parliament of Canada|access-date=8 August 2013|archive-date=2 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102220056/http://www.parl.gc.ca/About/Parliament/LegislativeSummaries/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=s18&Parl=38&Ses=1&source=library_prb|url-status=dead}} Debate over the census and their contents had periodically created changes in the Statistics Act such as a 2005 amendment making the privacy restrictions of the census information expire after more than a century. In addition, with Bill S-18, starting with the 2006 census, Canadians can consent to the public release of their personal census information after 92 years. Census returns are in the custody of Statistics Canada and the records are closed until 92 years after the taking of a census, when those records may be opened for public use and transferred to Library and Archives Canada subject to individual consent where applicable.{{cite web|title=Statistics Act|url=http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/S-19/FullText.html|publisher=Government of Canada|access-date=9 June 2013|quote=18. (1) The information contained in the returns of each census of population taken between 1910 and 2005 is no longer subject to sections 17 and 18 ninety-two years after the census is taken. (3) When sections 17 and 18 cease to apply to information referred to in subsection (1) or (2), the information shall be placed under the care and control of the Library and Archives of Canada.}}

The mandatory long census form was cancelled by the federal government in 2010 in favour of a voluntary household survey (NHS). The mandatory long form census was reinstated in time for the 2016 census of population.

In 2011, Statistics Canada released an audit acknowledging that from 2004 to 2011, their automated computer processes had "inadvertently made economic data available to data distributors before the official publication time." In November 2011, in response to the audit, StatCan stopped that process.{{cite news| url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-10-17/political-aides-getting-canada-data-day-in-advance-hurts-market-confidence.html | work=Bloomberg | first1=Andrew | last1=Mayeda | first2=Greg | last2=Quinn | title=Political Aides Getting Canada Data Day in Advance Hurts Market Confidence | date=17 October 2011}}

Nearly half of Statistics Canada's 5000 employees were notified in April 2012 that their jobs might be eliminated as part of austerity measures imposed by the Conservative federal government in the 2012 Canadian federal budget.{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/conservative-cuts-put-half-of-statscan-jobs-at-risk/article2418557/|title=Conservative cuts put half of Statscan jobs at risk|last1=Curry|first1=Bill|date=May 1, 2012|newspaper=The Globe and Mail|last2=Grant|first2=Tavia}} The 2,300 employees underwent a process to determine which ones were not impacted, which were eliminated and which were given early retirement or put in new positions.{{cite news|url=http://ca.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idCABRE83T19O20120501|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505004110/http://ca.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idCABRE83T19O20120501|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 May 2012|title=Budget cuts hit thousands of civil servants|last=Egan|first=Louise|date=May 1, 2012|newspaper=Reuters}} These budget cuts reduced the amount of information Statistics Canada was able to produce during that time period.

By law, every household must complete the Canada census form.{{cite web | url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/ref/qa-qr-eng.cfm | title=About the census: Questions and answers about the census | publisher=Statistics Canada | date= 2013-01-10 | access-date=November 22, 2013}} In May 2006, an Internet version of the census was made widely available for the first time. Another census was held in May 2011, again with the internet being the primary method for statistical data collection. The most recent census was held in May 2021, with the resulting data expected to be published in seven separate data sets throughout 2022.{{cite web|date=May 12, 2021|title=2021 Census dissemination planning Release plans|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/ref/prodserv/release-diffusion-eng.cfm|access-date=January 19, 2022|website=Statistics Canada}} Additional data will be published at a future date which has yet to be determined.

{{Main|Canada 2011 census}}

On June 17, 2010 an Order in Council was created by Minister of Industry Tony Clement defining the questions for the 2011 census as including only the short-form questions; this was published in the Canada Gazette on June 26, 2010,{{cite web |title=orders in council - statistics canada |url=http://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2010/2010-06-26/html/order-decret-eng.html |publisher=Industry Canada |date=2010-06-17 |access-date=2010-08-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603225426/http://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2010/2010-06-26/html/order-decret-eng.html |archive-date=2011-06-03 }} however a news release was not issued by Minister Clement until July 13, 2010. This release stated in part "The government will retain the mandatory short form that will collect basic demographic information. To meet the need for additional information, and to respect the privacy wishes of Canadians, the government has introduced the voluntary National Household Survey".{{cite web |title= Statement on 2011 Census |url=http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/ic1.nsf/eng/05709.html |publisher= Industry Canada |date=2010-07-13 |access-date=2010-08-11}} On July 30, 2010 Statistics Canada published a description of the National Household Survey.[http://www.statcan.gc.ca/survey-enquete/household-menages/5178-eng.htm National Household Survey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603225424/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/survey-enquete/household-menages/5178-eng.htm |date=2011-06-03 }}. Statcan.gc.ca (2012-05-14). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.

Minister Clement initially indicated that these changes were being made based on consultations with Statistics Canada{{cite news | url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/835932--statscan-recommended-move-to-voluntary-census-clement-says | title = StatsCan recommended move to voluntary census, Tony Clement says | publisher = Toronto Star | last = Campion-Smith | first = Bruce | date = 16 July 2010 | access-date = 17 July 2010}} but was forced to admit that the change from a mandatory to voluntary form was not one of the recommendations received from StatsCan after the head of the agency Munir Sheikh resigned in protest.{{cite web |title=StatsCan in turmoil over census |url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/Opposition+grills+government+over+census+changes/3309695/story.html |first= Shannon |last= Proudfoot |publisher= Montreal Gazette |date=2010-07-22 |access-date=2010-07-24}} Information was uncovered that indicated attempts on the part of the government to distance themselves from the decision, instructing Statistics Canada officials to delete the phrase "as per government decision" from documents which were being written to inform Statistics Canada staff of the change.{{cite web |title=StatsCan panel tried to fight decision to kill long-form census: documents |url=http://www.canada.com/news/national/StatsCan+panel+tried+fight+decision+kill+long+form+census+documents/4368080/story.html |first= Shannon |last= Proudfoot |publisher= Postmedia News |date=2 March 2011 |access-date=3 March 2011}} Minister Clement had claimed that concerns over privacy{{cite news |title=Leviathan's spyglass |url=http://www.economist.com/node/16590962?story_id=16590962 |publisher=The Economist |date=2010-07-15 |access-date=2010-07-27}} and the threat of jail time{{cite web |title=Has anyone ever been jailed for not filling out the long form census? |url=http://communities.canada.com/VANNET/blogs/commcons/archive/2010/08/04/has-anyone-ever-been-jailed-for-not-filling-out-the-long-form-census.aspx |publisher=Canada.com Blogs |date=2010-08-04 |access-date=2010-08-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506055353/http://communities.canada.com/vannet/blogs/commcons/archive/2010/08/04/has-anyone-ever-been-jailed-for-not-filling-out-the-long-form-census.aspx |archive-date=2011-05-06 }} were the reasons for the change{{cite news |title=StatsCan head quits over census dispute |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/statscan-head-quits-over-census-dispute-1.866937 |publisher=CBC news |date=21 July 2010 |access-date=4 August 2015}} and had refused to reverse his decision{{cite news |title=Clement to face MPs on census |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/clement-to-face-mps-on-census-1.924192 |publisher=CBC News |date=24 July 2010 |access-date=24 July 2010}} stating that the prime minister supported the legislation.{{cite news |title=Premiers seek difficult census compromise |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/premiers-seek-difficult-census-compromise/article1655218/ |publisher=The Globe and Mail |date=22 July 2010 |access-date=22 July 2010 |location=Toronto |first1=Karen |last1=Howlett |first2=Les |last2=Perreaux}} The argument over privacy was subsequently undermined by a privacy commissioner statement that she was "satisfied with the measures Statistics Canada had put into place to protect privacy".{{cite news |title=Few complaints about census: privacy commissioner |newspaper=Toronto Sun |url=http://www.torontosun.com/news/canada/2010/07/14/14712616.html |publisher=Toronto Sun Blogs |date=14 July 2010 |access-date=4 August 2010}} Other industry professionals also came out in defence of Statistics Canada's record on privacy issues.{{cite web |title=Count on it: long-form census basic to decision-making in Canada |url=https://montrealgazette.com/technology/LONG+FORM+CENSUS/3288863/story.html |publisher=Canada.com |date=17 July 2010 |access-date=4 August 2010}} The government maintained its position, with Lynn Meahan, press secretary to the Minister of Industry, stating that the new census would result in "useable (sic) and useful data that can meet the needs of many users."{{cite news |author= |title=Professors may need more funding after census changes |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/professors-may-need-more-funding-after-census-changes-1.582414 |website=CTV News |agency=The Canadian Press |date=5 December 2010 |access-date=13 November 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102112858/http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/Canada/20101205/professors-funding-census-changes-101205/ |archive-date=2 November 2011}}

During the 2010 debates, the Freedom Party of Ontario (FPO), a small group based on Ayn Rand's writings, whose 42 candidates received 12,381 votes (or 0.26% of the popular vote) in the 2014 election, opposed the long census. They also opposed bilingualism, political correctness and the inclusion of a question on race on the 1996 Canadian census. FPO claimed that Canadian and British traditions had been dishonoured by multiculturalism. They were among a minority who argued that using statistical data to analyse resource allocation is not beneficial.{{cite news |title=The bizarre decision on the census |url=http://www.canada.com/bizarre+decision+census/3358361/story.html |publisher=Canada.com |first= Paul |last= Willcocks |date=2010-08-04 |access-date=2010-08-04}}{{cite web | url=http://blog.paulmckeever.ca/2010/07/17/optional-long-form-census-a-blow-to-racism/| title = Optional Long Form Census a Blow to Racism | publisher = Toronto Star | last = Campion-Smith | first = Bruce | date = 6 July 2010 | access-date = 4 August 2015}}{{cite web|last1=Richard|first1=Field|title=First Shell Fire|url=http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/video-gallery/video/6343|website=Heroes Remember|publisher=Veterans Affairs Canada|access-date=23 May 2015}}

Central to the debate on this issue was the effect on the quality of data which would be collected by Statistics Canada under the new system. Many groups made the claim that a voluntary system would not provide a quality of data consistent with what Statistics Canada is known for while others felt that politically motivated changes to StatsCan methodology tainted the reputation of the whole organization in the international setting.{{cite news |url=https://thetyee.ca/Opinion/2010/07/29/WhyAttackCensus/ |title=Why Attack the Long Census? |date=27 July 2010 | first = Donald | last = Gutstein |publisher= The Tyee |access-date=11 August 2010}} Supporters of the change offered models of European countries who were adopting alternate systems, although in these states the census was being replaced with a database of information on each citizen rather than a voluntary poll and none of these systems were planned for the Canadian 2011 census. They also challenged the existing system's ability to cope with rapid socio-demographic changes, though this would not be addressed without increasing the frequency of the survey. Some public opposition to the changes were expressed on Facebook.{{cite web |title=Keep the Canada Census Long Form |website=Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/pages/Keep-the-Canada-Census-Long-Form/141550925859979 |access-date=2010-07-27}}

According to The Globe and Mail, by 2015 an increasing number of economists had joined with organizations such as the Canadian Chamber of Commerce, Canadian Federation of Independent Business, Canadian Economics Association, Martin Prosperity Institute, Toronto Region Board of Trade, Restaurants Canada and the Canadian Association of Business Economics to call for a reinstatement of the mandatory long form.{{cite news | url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/scrapping-of-long-form-census-causing-long-term-issues-for-business-groups/article22846497/ | title=Scrapping of long-form census causing long-term issues for business | work=The Globe and Mail | date=February 6, 2015 | agency=Thomson Reuters | access-date=4 August 2015 | author=TAVIA GRANT | location=Toronto, ON}} Edmonton's chief economist had preferred the long form and argued that the National Housing Survey was only useful at the aggregate city level and left "a dearth of data on long-term changes at the neighbourhood level and within demographic groups... making it difficult to make decisions such as 'where to build a library, where to build a fire hall' without specific demographic information," and that because it was not mandatory, there was a lower response rate and therefore increased risk of under-representation of some vulnerable segments of society, for example aboriginal peoples and newly arrived immigrants, which made it more difficult to "pinpoint trends such as income inequality, immigrant outcomes in the jobs market, labour shortages and demographic shifts."

One day after his election in November 2015, the Liberal government of Justin Trudeau reinstated the mandatory census long form{{Cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/11/05/liberals-restore-mandatory-long-form-census.html|title=Canada's long-form census is back for 2016|last=Campion-Smith|first=Bruce|date=November 5, 2015|work=The Star [Toronto]|access-date=September 18, 2017}} and it was used in the 2016 census.{{Cite book|url=http://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p3Instr.pl?Function=getInstrumentList&Item_Id=295122&UL=1V&|title=Guide to the Census of Population, 2016|date=January 5, 2017|publisher=Statistics Canada|pages=Chapter 5 – Census of Population questionnaires}}{{Cite web|url=http://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p3Instr.pl?Function=getInstrumentList&Item_Id=295122&UL=1V&|title=2016 Census 2A-L Questionnaire|date=February 7, 2017|website=Statistics Canada|access-date=September 18, 2017}}

Former industry minister Tony Clement recanted on his support for the elimination of the long form. He avowed that there were ways to protect both indispensable data and Canadians' privacy. Blaming his party for a "collective" decision to terminate the long form, he said, "I think I would have done it differently." He implied incorrectly that Statistics Canada head Munir Sheikh had agreed with the cancellation when it was done.{{cite web |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/full-comment/chris-selley-conservatives-in-dire-need-of-an-ideological-and-policy-reset-before-leadership-race |first=Chris |last=Selley |title=Conservatives in dire need of an ideological and policy reset before leadership race |date=25 February 2016 |newspaper=National Post |access-date=16 February 2017}}

{{Main|Census geographic units of Canada}}

Statistics Canada divided Canada into the following standard geographic units for statistical purposes in the 2016 census.{{Cite book|title=Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016|date=February 8, 2017|publisher=Statistics Canada|pages=Figure 1.1 Hierarchy of standard geographic units for dissemination, 2016 Census}}

• Province or territory
• Census division
• Census consolidated subdivision
• Census subdivision: municipalities and municipal equivalents as defined by Statistics Canada in consultation with provincial and territorial governments including the following types:{{cite web | url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/92f0009x/92f0009x2013000-eng.pdf | title=Interim List of Changes to Municipal Boundaries, Status, and Names: From January 2, 2012 to January 1, 2013 | publisher=Statistics Canada | pages=6–7 | access-date=February 25, 2016}}
• Canton: townships in Quebec
• Chartered community: present in the Northwest Territories
• City
• Community: present in Prince Edward Island
• Community government: present in the Northwest Territories
• County municipality: rural territories in Nova Scotia
• Cree reserve land: present in Quebec
• Cree village: present in Quebec
• Crown colony: present in Saskatchewan
• District municipality: rural or urban territories of British Columbia
• Hamlet: present in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut
• Improvement district: rural municipalities in Alberta
• Indian government district: present in British Columbia
• Indian reserve
• Indian settlement
• Inuit reserve land: present in Quebec
• Island municipality: present in British Columbia
• Local government district: present in Manitoba
• Municipal district: rural municipalities in Alberta and Nova Scotia
• Municipality: rural territories in Quebec
• Naskapi village: present in Quebec
• Naskapis reserve land: present in Quebec
• Nisga'a land: present in British Columbia
• Northern hamlet: present in Saskatchewan
• Northern village (village nordique): present in Saskatchewan and Quebec
• Parish: rural territories in Quebec (parish municipalities) and New Brunswick
• Regional district electoral area: unorganized rural areas in British Columbia
• Regional municipality: present in Nova Scotia
• Resort village: present in Saskatchewan
• Rural community: present in New Brunswick
• Rural municipality: present in Manitoba and Saskatchewan
• Self-government: present in Yukon
• Settlement: present in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut
• Special area: rural municipalities in Alberta
• Specialized municipality: present in Alberta
• Subdivision of county municipality: rural territories within Nova Scotia's county municipalities
• Subdivision of unorganized area: unorganized rural territories of Newfoundland and Labrador
• Summer village: present in Alberta
• Teslin land: present in Yukon
• Town
• Township: present in Ontario
• Township and royalty: rural territories in Prince Edward Island
• United cantons: townships that have been united in Quebec
• Unorganized area
• Village
• Ville: cities and towns in Quebec
• Aggregated dissemination area (ADA)
• Economic region
• Designated place
• Federal electoral district
• Forward sortation area
• Statistical area classifications
• Census metropolitan area (CMA) or census agglomeration (CA): a cluster of adjacent census subdivisions where: in the case of a CMA, the cluster has a population of 100,000 or greater in which at least 50,000 live in the core; and, in the case of a CA, the cluster has a population of at least 10,000 in the core{{cite web | url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/ref/dict/geo009-eng.cfm | title=Census metropolitan area (CMA) and census agglomeration (CA) | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=November 27, 2015 | access-date=February 25, 2016}}
• Census tract (applicable to all CMAs and 15 CAs)
• Population centre (previously "urban area")
• Large urban
• Medium
• Small
• Rural area
• Non-CMA or non-CA (like CMAs and CAs, includes small population centres and rural areas, but excludes large urban and medium population centres)

{{Portal|Canada}}

• List of national and international statistical services
• Institut de la statistique du Québec
• Official statistics
• United Nations Statistics Division

{{reflist}}

• {{Cite book

|last = Statistics Canada

|title = Canada Year Book

|publisher = Federal Publications (Queen of Canada)

|location = Ottawa

|date= October 27, 2010

|id =Catalogue no 11-402-XPE

|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/11-402-x/11-402-x2010000-eng.htm

}}

• [http://www.statcan.gc.ca/ Statistics Canada website]
• [http://www.census2011.gc.ca/ccr_r000-eng.htm 2011 census home page (English)]
• [http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/rt-td/index-eng.cfm 2006 census]
• [http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/home-accueil?lang=eng CANSIM]

{{National statistics agencies}}

{{Census-ca}}

{{authority control}}

Category:Federal departments and agencies of Canada

Category:Demographics of Canada

Category:Government agencies established in 1971

Category:Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada

Canada

Category:1971 establishments in Canada