Stellispongiida

{{Short description|Order of sponges}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = {{fossilrange|Permian|Miocene|latest=recent}}

| image = Matmor calcisponge Peronidella.jpg

| image_caption = Peronidella sp. (family Stellispongiidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Israel

| parent_authority =

| taxon = Stellispongiida

| authority = Finks & Rigby, 2004

| subdivision_ranks = Subgroups

| subdivision = see text.

| synonyms =

}}

Stellispongiida is an order of calcareous sponges, most or all of which are extinct. Stellispongiids are one of several unrelated sponge groups described as "inozoans", a name referring to sponges with a hypermineralized calcitic skeleton independent from their spicules. Stellispongiids have a solid skeleton (without chambers) encasing calcite spicules arranged in trabeculae (column-like structures).Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part E, Revised. Porifera, Volume 3: Classes Demospongea, Hexactinellida, Heteractinida & Calcarea, xxxi + 872 p., 506 fig., 1 table, 2004, available [https://journals.ku.edu/InvertebratePaleo/issue/view/455 here]. {{ISBN|0-8137-3131-3}}.Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part E, Revised. Porifera, Volumes 4 & 5: Hypercalcified Porifera, Paleozoic Stromatoporoidea & Archaeocyatha, liii + 1223 p., 665 figs., 2015, available [https://journals.ku.edu/InvertebratePaleo/issue/view/538 here]. {{ISBN|978-0-9903621-2-8}}. "Inozoans" and the similar "sphinctozoans" were historically grouped together in the polyphyletic order Pharetronida.

Stellispongiids survived from the Permian to the Cenozoic, at least up to the Miocene Epoch. They comprised the majority of "inozoan" diversity in the Cretaceous Period, though their distribution was mostly restricted to Europe. The Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology (2004) places the living sponge family Lelapiidae within Stellispongiida, though Systema Porifera (2002) places Lelapiidae within the order Leucosolenida.{{Citation |last=Borojevic |first=Radovan |title=Order Leucosolenida Hartman, 1958 |date=2002 |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_120 |work=Systema Porifera |pages=1157–1184 |editor-last=Hooper |editor-first=John N. A. |access-date=2023-04-27 |place=Boston, MA |publisher=Springer US |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_120 |isbn=978-0-306-47260-2 |last2=Boury-Esnault |first2=Nicole |last3=Manuel |first3=Michaël |last4=Vacelet |first4=Jean |editor2-last=Van Soest |editor2-first=Rob W. M. |editor3-last=Willenz |editor3-first=Philippe}}{{Cite journal |last=Manuel |first=Michael |last2=Borchiellini |first2=Carole |last3=Alivon |first3=Eliane |last4=Le Parco |first4=Yannick |last5=Vacelet |first5=Jean |last6=Boury-Esnault |first6=Nicole |date=2003-06-01 |editor-last=Kjer |editor-first=Karl |title=Phylogeny and Evolution of Calcareous Sponges: Monophyly of Calcinea and Calcaronea, High Level of Morphological Homoplasy, and the Primitive Nature of Axial Symmetry |url=http://academic.oup.com/sysbio/article/52/3/311/1665186 |journal=Systematic Biology |language=en |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/10635150390196966 |issn=1076-836X|doi-access=free }}