Stephen Ailes (May 25, 1912 – June 30, 2001) was a prominent member of the District of Columbia Bar and a partner in the firm of Steptoe & Johnson. He served as the United States Under Secretary of the Army from February 9, 1961, to January 28, 1964, and as United States Secretary of the Army from January 28, 1964, to July 1, 1965. He received his undergraduate education at Princeton University, and attended the law school of West Virginia University, where he was a member of Phi Kappa Psi fraternity.

Early life and education

Ailes was born in Romney, West Virginia, on May 25, 1912.{{cite book

|chapter = "Stephen Ailes"

|chapter-url = http://www.history.army.mil/books/sw-sa/Ailes.htm

|year = 1992

|publisher = United States Army Center of Military History

|access-date = September 22, 2007

|url = http://www.history.army.mil/books/sw-sa/SWSA-Fm.htm

|title = Secretaries of War and Secretaries of the Army: Portraits and Biographical Sketches

|first = William Gardner

|last = Bell

|archive-date = December 14, 2007

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071214152450/http://www.history.army.mil/books/Sw-SA/SWSA-Fm.htm

|url-status = dead

}} He attended the Scarborough School in New York with his brother,{{cite web|title=Stephen Ailes ('36 JD)|url=http://alumni.wvu.edu/awards/academy/stephen_ailes|publisher=West Virginia University Alumni Association|access-date=November 17, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917041313/http://alumni.wvu.edu/awards/academy/stephen_ailes|archive-date=September 17, 2011}} and later attended Episcopal High School in Alexandria, Virginia and graduated in 1929. He graduated from Princeton University in 1933 and received his law degree from West Virginia University in 1936. He was admitted to the West Virginia bar in 1936.

Legal career

He was appointed assistant professor of law at West Virginia University, 1937–1940. He was prevented from military service due to color blindness;{{cite web | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jul-08-me-20069-story.html | title=Stephen Ailes; Army Secretary in '60s | work=Los Angeles Times | date=July 8, 2001 | access-date=August 25, 2011 | author=Barnes, Bart}} but later he was hired at the Office of Price Administration in 1942 until 1946. He served as counsel to the American Economic Mission to Greece in 1947, and then returned to private practice at Steptoe & Johnson in 1948; beforce entering government services.

Government career

Ailes served as Under Secretary of the Army, February 9, 1961, until January 28, 1964, and he was then promoted to Secretary of the Army until July 1, 1965. He is often credited as the driving force for the creation{{cite web | url=https://www.army.mil/drillsergeant/history.html | title=History of the Drill Sergeant | publisher=United States Army | access-date=September 2, 2012}} of the United States Army Drill Sergeant program. He conducted a far-reaching survey over time that included a wide variety of experienced personnel across all the services and the results contained five principal findings, with appropriate recommendations and suggestions for eliminating the problems encountered. The Training and Doctrine Command's annual Drill Sergeant of the Year award is named after Ailes.{{cite web | url=https://www3.ausa.org/webpub/DeptNCOStuff.nsf/byid/KCAT-6D7QMN | title=Stephen Ailes Award | publisher=Association of the United States Army | access-date=September 2, 2012 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018155043/http://ausa.org/webpub/DeptNCOStuff.nsf/byid/KCAT-6D7QMN | archive-date=October 18, 2006 }}

Ailes came under heavy criticism by both Democrats and Republicans in early 1965 when he sought funding from a U.S. Senate appropriations subcommittee for what was quickly derided as the "Instant Veteran Program". As critics summarized the Ailes proposal, up to "8,000 young men incapable of meeting the minimum physical and mental requirements for military service" would be still be inducted into the U.S. and "could serve one day and then be discharged as a veteran, eligible for veterans' benefits available to service men who had completed long periods in uniform."[http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1965/02/16/page/1/article/rap-instant-veteran-plan "Rap 'Instant Veteran' Plan]— Senators Ask How Day Can Equal Years— Hit Ailes Idea as Social Scheme", Chicago Tribune, February 16, 1965, p. 1. Ailes testified that the plan (which the subcommittee declined to endorse) would cost $31,300,000 in its first year in 1965 dollars, the equivalent of $235 million fifty years later.[http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/cpicalc.pl CPI Inflation Calculator], Bureau of Labor Statistics.

From 1965 to 1970, Ailes was head of the Federal City Council, a group of business, civic, education, and other leaders interested in economic development in Washington, D.C.{{cite news|last=Barnes|first=Bart|title=Stephen Ailes Dies|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=July 6, 2001|page=B6|postscript=none}}; {{cite news|title=Federal City Council Elected|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=September 30, 1970|page=D9}}

Personal life

Ailes married Helen 'Nellie' Wales on June 24, 1939. and had four children. He died on June 30, 2001, from a stroke at his home in Bethesda, Maryland.{{cite web | url=http://paw.princeton.edu/memorials/33/23/index.xml | title=Stephen Ailes '33 | publisher=Princeton Alumni Weekly | date=October 24, 2001 | access-date=August 25, 2011 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005125550/http://paw.princeton.edu/memorials/33/23/index.xml | archive-date=October 5, 2012 }} He is buried in his home town of Romney at Indian Mound Cemetery.

File:Indian Mound Cemetery Romney WV 2013 07 13 15.jpg at the interment site of Stephen Ailes and his wife Helen Wales Ailes at Indian Mound Cemetery in Romney, West Virginia.]]