Stewartia

{{Short description|Genus of plants}}

{{for|the bivalve genus|Stewartia (bivalve)}}

:Stewartia as described by Philibert Commerçon is a synonym of Dombeya.

{{automatic taxobox

|image = Stewartia pseudocamellia 01.JPG

|image_caption = Stewartia pseudocamellia

|taxon = Stewartia

|authority = L.

|subdivision_ranks=Species

|subdivision=See text

|synonyms =

• Cavanilla {{au|Salisb. 1796}}
• Hartia {{au|Dunn 1902}}
• Malachodendron {{au|Mitch. 1769}}

}}

File:Stewartia koreana MHNT.BOT.2008.1.29.jpg]]

Stewartia (sometimes spelled StuartiaSprague, T.A. (1928). The correct spelling of certain generic names. III. Kew Bulletin 1928: 337-365.Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Vascular Plant Families and Genera: [http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/cgi-bin/web.dbs/genlist.pl?THEACEAE Theaceae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970102054556/http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/cgi-bin/web.dbs/genlist.pl?THEACEAE |date=1997-01-02 }}Bean, W. J. (1980). Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles 4: 507-513. {{ISBN|0-7195-2428-8}}.Rushforth, K. (1999). Collins Photographic Guide to Trees. {{ISBN|0-00-220013-9}}.) is a genus of 8-20 species of flowering plants in the family Theaceae, related to Camellia. Most of the species are native to eastern Asia in China, Japan, Korea, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam, with two (S. malacodendron, S. ovata) in southeast North America, from Virginia and Kentucky south to Florida and Louisiana.Li, J., Del Tredici, P., Yang, S., & Donoghue, M. J. (2002). Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of Stewartia (Camellioideae, Theaceae) inferred from nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences. Rhodora 104: 117-133 ({{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071008232708/http://www.phylodiversity.net/donoghue/publications/MJD_papers/2002/120_Li_Rhodora02.pdf pdf file]}}).

They are shrubs and trees, mostly deciduous, though some species (e.g. S. pteropetiolata) are evergreen; the evergreen species form a genetically distinct group and are split into a separate genus Hartia by some botanists, but others retain them within Stewartia.Flora of China [https://web.archive.org/web/20040814114055/http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/mss/volume12/Theaceae-CAS_edited.htm draft account of Theaceae] The Asian species include both shrubs and trees, growing to 3–20 m tall, while the American species are shrubs growing 3–5 m tall, rarely becoming small trees. The bark is very distinctive, smooth orange to yellow-brown, peeling in fine flakes. The leaves are alternately arranged, simple, serrated, usually glossy, and 3–14 cm long. The flowers are large and conspicuous, 3–11 cm diameter, with 5 (occasionally 6-8) white petals; flowering is in mid to late summer. The fruit is a dry five-valved capsule, with one to four seeds in each section.

The species are adapted to acidic soils, and do not grow well on chalk or other calcium-rich soils. They also have a high rainfall requirement and will not tolerate drought.