Stole Royal
{{Short description|Robe worn by the British monarch}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2023}}
File:Crowning of George VI.jpg being crowned while wearing the Supertunica, Stole Royal and Robe Royal]]
The Stole Royal (sometime erroneously called the Armilla) is an item of regalia used during the coronation of a British monarch, similar to the stoles worn as vestments by clergymen. It is donned after the anointing of the monarch and is worn throughout the crowning, receiving of homage and conclusion of the communion. The Stole Royal is removed, with other garments, before the procession from Westminster Abbey for which the Imperial Robe is worn.
Use
The monarch enters Westminster Abbey for their coronation wearing the Robe of State. This is removed for the anointing ceremony in which they wear the {{lang|la|colobium sindonis}} ('shroud tunic'), an intentionally plain robe. After the anointing the monarch dons the more ornate Supertunica over the {{lang|la|colobium}}.{{cite news |last1=Ward |first1=Victoria |title=King Charles III's sacred Coronation robes revealed |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2023/02/16/king-charles-iii-coronation-robes-revealed/ |access-date=17 April 2023 |work=Daily Telegraph |date=16 February 2023 |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217003324/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2023/02/16/king-charles-iii-coronation-robes-revealed/ |url-status=bot: unknown }} After they have been invested with regalia including the Spurs, Sword of Offering and the Armills the monarch dons the Stole Royal and Robe Royal over the top of the Supertunica for their crowning ceremony.{{cite web |title=Coronation of British Monarchs |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/coronation-of-British-monarchs |website=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=17 April 2023 |language=en |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417180231/https://www.britannica.com/topic/coronation-of-British-monarchs |url-status=live }}
Immediately after donning the Stole Royal and Robe Royal the monarch is invested with the Orb, Ring and Sceptres. After the monarch is crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury and receives homage from the bishops, peers of the realm and members of the Royal Family, the act of communion is concluded and the monarch proceeds to the shrine and tomb of Saint Edward the Confessor. Here the regalia, Robe Royal and Stole Royal are removed and replaced with the Imperial Robe which is worn for the ceremonial procession out of the church.{{cite web |title=Coronations |url=https://debretts.com/royal-family/coronations/ |website=Debrett's |access-date=17 April 2023 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417182755/https://debretts.com/royal-family/coronations/ |url-status=live }} During the Coronation the monarch is enrobed by the Lord Great Chamberlain who is assisted by the Groom of the Robes and the Master of the Robes or Mistress of the Robes.
The Stole Royal is similar to the stoles worn as vestments by clergymen. It is a long, narrow length of cloth worn around the neck with the two ends hanging down the front. The Stoles Royal are usually embroidered with gold and silver thread and decorated with jewels and pearls.{{cite web |title=Stole Royal (UK) |url=https://trc-leiden.nl/trc-needles/individual-textiles-and-textile-types/secular-ceremonies-and-rituals/stole-royal-uk |website=Textile Research Centre Leiden |access-date=18 April 2023 |language=en-gb |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418064751/https://trc-leiden.nl/trc-needles/individual-textiles-and-textile-types/secular-ceremonies-and-rituals/stole-royal-uk |url-status=live }} The Stole Royal is sometimes improperly called the Armilla, though this refers to the two mediaeval style armlets donned at around the same time as the Stole Royal.{{cite book |title=Country Life |date=June 1953 |page=74 |publisher=Country Life, Limited |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJtlmlvsukEC |language=en}}{{cite book |last1=Arscott |first1=David |title=Queen Elizabeth II, A Very Peculiar History: Diamond Jubilee: 60 Years A Queen |date=3 January 2012 |publisher=Andrews UK Limited |isbn=978-1-908759-32-0 |page=23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yt67BAAAQBAJ |language=en}}{{cite book |title=The Living Church |date=1953 |publisher=Morehouse-Gorham Company |page=13 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PmTkAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}
The practice of using a Stole Royal at coronations is thought to date back many years. King Edward I was buried in his coronation robes, and when his tomb was opened in 1774 a stole was among the items found.{{cite news |title=The Coronation Vestments |work=Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer |date=23 June 1911 |page=5 }}
Stole Royal of Victoria
Queen Victoria's Stole Royal was lined with crimson sarsenet and embroidered with eagles, roses, fleurs-de-lys, crosses and crowns.{{cite news |title=Coronation Vestments |work=Sheffield Daily Telegraph |date=25 April 1902|page=4}}
Stole Royal of Edward VII
The stole worn by Edward VII at his 1902 coronation was {{convert|3|in|cm}} wide and an ell, {{convert|45|in|cm}} long.{{cite news |title=The Nineteen Parts of the Coronation Ceremony |work=The Sphere |date=16 August 1902|page=14}}
Stole Royal of George V
The Stole Royal of George V was made of cloth of gold with a rose-coloured silk lining. The stole was {{convert|3|in|cm}} in width and {{convert|9|ft|cm}} in length and had a gold bullion fringe at either end.{{cite news |title=The Coronation Regalia |work=Daily News |date=22 June 1911|page=6}}{{cite news |title=The Vestments |work=Aberdeen Press and Journal |date=22 June 1911}} At each end it had the red cross of Saint George on white background. Above the cross was embroidery depicting an eagle, representing the Empire, surmounted by symbols of the Home Nations: a rose (for England), thistle (for Scotland), shamrock (for Ireland), dragon (for Wales). Above these were symbols of the dominions: a lotus (for India), maple (for Canada), wattle flower (for South Africa), the Southern Cross (for Australia) and the stars from the New Zealand flag.{{cite news |title=The Coronation |work=Evening Mail |date=17 February 1911|page=5}}
Stole Royal of George VI
The Stole Royal of George VI was made of cloth of gold and decorated with symbols of the Empire in coloured thread and arranged in a flowing pattern.{{cite news |title=The Coronation of Their Majesties King George VI and Queen Elizabeth |work=West London Observer |date=14 May 1937|page=8}}
Stole Royal of Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II wore a narrow Stole Royal of gold silk with fringed ends and a lining of red silk. This Stole Royal was made in 1953 by the Worshipful Company of Girdlers, based on mediaeval patterns. It had intricate embroidery showing various religious, national and Commonwealth symbols.{{cite news |title=A complete guide to King Charles III's sacred coronation robes |url=https://www.tatler.com/article/king-charles-iii-coronation-robes-guide-history |access-date=18 April 2023 |work=Tatler |date=17 February 2023 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418064749/https://www.tatler.com/article/king-charles-iii-coronation-robes-guide-history |url-status=live }} Among the Christian symbols used are the crosses of Saint Andrew, Saint George and Saint Patrick, the patron saints of Scotland, England and Ireland, and the crossed keys of Saint Peter, an early leader of the Christian church. Also included are symbols associated with the Four Evangelists: an angel for Matthew, a winged lion for Mark, a winged bull for Luke and an eagle for John. A dove represents the Holy Spirit and a crowned eagle also features. Depictions of plants were used to represent the Home Nations and Commonwealth Realms including a Tudor rose (England), a leek (Wales), shamrock (Northern Ireland), thistle (Scotland), wattle flower (Australia), maple leaf (Canada), two types of lotus (India and Sri Lanka), fern (New Zealand), cotton, jute and wheat (Pakistan) and the protea (South Africa).
Stole Royal of Charles III
A new Stole Royal was made in 2023 for Charles III by the Royal School of Needlework, taking inspiration from the 1953 stole of his predecessor, Elizabeth II. It is adorned with emblems of the four countries of the United Kingdom, a dove representing the Holy Spirit, a Tudor-style crown, and a pattern based on the Cosmati Pavement in Westminster Abbey.{{cite web|title=Coronation outfits worn by Their Majesties King Charles III and Queen Camilla to go on display at Buckingham Palace|url=https://www.rct.uk/about/press-office/press-releases/coronation-outfits-worn-by-their-majesties-king-charles-iii-and#/|date=19 May 2023|website=Royal Collection Trust}}
References
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External links
Royal Collection Trust:
- [https://www.rct.uk/collection/62953/george-ivs-coronation-stole King George IV's Coronation Stole (1821)]
- [https://www.rct.uk/collection/75040/king-edward-viis-coronation-stole King Edward VII's Coronation Stole (1902)]
- [https://www.rct.uk/collection/74996/king-george-vs-coronation-stole-or-armill King George V's Coronation Stole or Armill (1911)]
- [https://www.rct.uk/collection/75064/king-george-vis-coronation-stole King George VI's Coronation Stole (1937)]
- [https://www.rct.uk/collection/31795/queen-elizabeth-iis-coronation-stole Queen Elizabeth II's Coronation Stole (1953)]
{{Coronation of the British monarch|state=collapsed}}