Streptomyces avermitilis

{{Short description|Species of bacterium}}

{{Speciesbox

| image = Streptomyces avermitilis.png

| genus = Streptomyces

| species = avermitilis

| authority = (ex Burg{{Cite journal |doi=10.1128/AAC.15.3.361 |last1=Burg |first1=R. W. |last2=Miller |first2=B. M. |last3=Baker |first3=E. E. |last4=Birnbaum |first4=J. |last5=Currie |first5=S. A. |last6=Hartman |first6=R. |last7=Kong |first7=Y. L. |last8=Monaghan |first8=R. L. |last9=Olson |first9=G. | last10 = Putter | first10 = I. |last11=Tunac |first11=J. B. |last12=Wallick |first12=H. |last13=Stapley |first13=E. O. |last14=Oiwa |first14=R. |last15=Omura |first15=S. |title=Avermectins, new family of potent anthelmintic agents: Producing organism and fermentation |journal=Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=361–367 |year=1979 |pmid=464561 |pmc=352666}} et al. 1979) Kim and Goodfellow 2002{{Cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=S. B. |last2=Goodfellow |first2=M. |title=Streptomyces avermitilis sp. nov., nom. Rev., a taxonomic home for the avermectin-producing streptomycetes |journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |volume=52 |issue=Pt 6 |pages=2011–2014 |year=2002 |pmid=12508861 |doi=10.1099/ijs.0.02265-0}}

| subdivision_ranks = Strains

| subdivision = Streptomyces avermitilis MA-4680

| type_strain =

| synonyms = Streptomyces avermectinius Takahashi et al. 2002{{Cite journal |last1=Takahashi |first1=Y. |last2=Matsumoto |first2=A. |last3=Seino |first3=A. |last4=Ueno |first4=J. |last5=Iwai |first5=Y. |last6=Omura |first6=S. |title=Streptomyces avermectinius sp. nov., an avermectin-producing strain |journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |volume=52 |issue=Pt 6 |pages=2163–2168 |year=2002 |pmid=12508884 |doi=10.1099/ijs.0.02237-0}}

}}

Streptomyces avermitilis is a species of bacteria in the genus Streptomyces. This bacterium was discovered by Satoshi Ōmura in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.

The first complete genome sequence of S. avermitilis was completed in 2003.{{cite journal |vauthors=Ikeda H, Ishikawa J, Hanamoto A, Shinose M, Kikuchi H, Shiba T, Sakaki Y, Hattori M, Omura S |title=Complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of the industrial microorganism Streptomyces avermitilis |journal=Nat. Biotechnol. |year=2003 |volume=21 |issue=5 |pages=526–531 |pmid=12692562 |doi=10.1038/nbt820| doi-access = free}} The genome consists of a single chromosome with a linear structure, unlike most bacterial genomes, which exist in the form of circular chromosomes.{{cite book |author=Paul Dyson |title=Streptomyces: Molecular Biology and Biotechnology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3z9_QwFumi8C|access-date=16 January 2012 |date=1 January 2011 |publisher=Horizon Scientific Press |isbn=978-1-904455-77-6 |page=5}}

Avermectins are industrially derived from the fermentation products of S. avermitilis.{{cite journal | last1=Martín | first1=Juan F | last2=Rodríguez-García | first2=Antonio | last3=Liras | first3=Paloma | title=The master regulator PhoP coordinates phosphate and nitrogen metabolism, respiration, cell differentiation and antibiotic biosynthesis: comparison in Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces avermitilis | journal=The Journal of Antibiotics | publisher=Japan Antibiotics Research Association (Nature Portfolio) | volume=70 | issue=5 | date=2017-03-15 | issn=0021-8820 | doi=10.1038/ja.2017.19 | pages=534–541| pmid=28293039 | s2cid=1881648 | doi-access=free }} Avermectin itself was discovered by the Satoshi Ōmura group and first disclosed in Burg et al. 1979. One of the most widely employed drugs against nematode and arthropod infestations is the avermectin derivative ivermectin, as well as abamectin, a widely used insecticide and antihelmintic.