Studienrat
Studienrat (abbreviated StR) is an official title/rank of higher teachers in the German and Austrian education system. Even though the German and Austrian education systems use the same term, there are differences in the level and usage of this rank.
Austria
In Austria, {{lang|de|Studienrat}} is an honorary title awarded to people in the field of education.
Germany
In the German education system, {{lang|de|Studienrat}} is an official title and rank for tenured higher teachers at secondary schools (Gymnasium), tenured higher scientific teachers at vocational schools, technical colleges and further education colleges ({{lang|de|Berufsschule}}, {{lang|de|Berufskolleg}}, {{lang|de|Fachschule}}) teaching at least till Bachelor's level and for Senior lecturers and Assistant professors at universities. Higher scientific teachers at Germany must hold facultas docendis in at least two different subjects.{{Cite web|language=German|url=http://www.uni-siegen.de/uni/stellen/prof/541029.html?lang=de|title=Fakultät I: Studienrätin oder Studienrat im Hochschuldienst (Bes.-Gr. A 13 LBesO)|trans-title=|publisher=University of Siegen|date=29 February 2012|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125230946/http://www.uni-siegen.de/uni/stellen/prof/541029.html?lang=de|archive-date=2015-11-25|url-status=dead}}{{failed verification|date=November 2015}}
= Form of address =
In Germany, a holder of the title/rank {{lang|de|Studienrat}} (StR) is typically addressed by his title/rank followed by his other degrees in the same way as a holder of the title/rank of professor is addressed, for instance: "Herr Studienrat Dr. Schmidt" (or abbreviated: "StR Dr. Schmidt").
=Salary and rank=
Like police officers, politicians, judges, members of the administration or military a {{lang|de|Studienrat}} is part of the same salary and ranking system.
The rank in the German Beamte System for a {{lang|de|Studienrat}} is A13[https://hbs.hessen.de/irj/HBS_Internet?cid=c0a37cbd1576326563ea9e223c64a701 Besoldungstabellen] at Hessische Bezügestelle; published 20 November 2013; retrieved November 22, 2015 which is equivalent to the rank of a Major (Germany) in the German military called Bundeswehr.[http://oeffentlicher-dienst.info/beamte/bund/besoldungsgruppen.html Öffentlicher Dienst ] oeffentlicher-dienst.info; published 1 March 2015; retrieved November 15, 2015
The rank of Studienrat is comparable in salary and level to that of a German {{Interlanguage link multi|Junior professor|de|3=Juniorprofessur|lt=junior professor}} (similar to an assistant professor) and is equal in rank to an {{Interlanguage link multi| Akademischer Rat|de}}.{{Cite web|language=German|url=
https://www.academics.de/wissenschaft/wie_werde_ich_studienrat_im_hochschuldienst_30647.html |title=Wie werde ich Studienrat im Hochschuldienst? |trans-title=|date= 26 May 2011|accessdate= 15 November 2015}}{{failed verification|date=November 2015}}
The title and rank of {{lang|de|Dozent }} (docent) which was formerly used for the official title and rank below professor was replaced by the ranks of {{lang|de| Studienrat }} and {{lang|de| Oberstudienrat}} by the legislative change of 25 October 1963.{{Cite news|language = German |url= http://www.zeit.de/1963/43/in-den-muehlen-der-muerokratie |title=In den Mühlen der Bürokratie|newspaper= Die Zeit |trans-title=|publisher= Zeit|date= 25 October 1963|accessdate=15 November 2015}}{{failed verification|date=November 2015}}
=Requirements =
Prerequisite for this title/rank is at least the "First State Examination for Teachers" called Staatsexamen (equivalent to Master of Education - EQF-Level 7) called "Erste Staatspruefung fuer Lehramt an Gymnasium" (secondary schools) or "Erste Staatspruefung fuer Lehramt an beruflichen Schulen" (vocational schools/further education colleges)
and the "Second State Examination for Teachers" (Master-level + 2 years of intense teacher training).[https://la.hessen.de/irj/LSA_Internet?cid=914b37f24fdbc14381aaa1013cb5d41b Einstellung in den Vorbereitungsdienst] at Hessische Lehrkräfteakademie - Kultusministerium Hessen (Ministry of Education of Hesse/Germany); published 1 January 2014; retrieved November 15, 2015
The degree of Master of Education, which was established 2005 under the Bologna Process is accepted as equal to the "First State Examination for Teachers"(1. Staatsexamen) and allows entrance to the second phase of the German teacher education called Referendariat or Vorbereitungsdienst.[http://www.master-of-education.com/index.php Einstellung in den Vorbereitungsdienst Master Of Education – Master Abschluss für angehende Lehrer] at master-of-education.com; published 7 February 2014; retrieved November 19, 2015
The "First State Examination" takes at least 4.5–5 years of studies and finishes with a thesis, a viva voce examination and several written and oral tests.[http://www.kmk.org/fileadmin/veroeffentlichungen_beschluesse/2005/2005_04_21-Qualifikationsrahmen-HS-Abschluesse.pdf Qualifikationsrahmen für deutsche Hoschulabschlüsse] Kultusministerkonferenz Deutschland; published 21 April 2005; retrieved November 14, 2015[https://www.uni-marburg.de/zfl/studium/20090702infostaatexamen Informationsblatt Staatsexamen ] Roger Port,University of Marburg; published 1 Juni 2009; retrieved November 15, 2015
Graduates of the "Second State Examination for Teachers" receive the teaching license in at least two subjects and the professional title/degree
"Lehrer mit Lehramt fuer..." which stands for "Teacher with teaching license for secondary schools" or "Teacher with teaching license for vocational schools".
Only after passing the "First State Examination" and the "Second State Examination" are German teachers fully qualified. The duration of complete German teacher education is about 7 years of higher education (Master-level + 2 years of postgraduate studies).
Applicants for "State Examination" studies are required to have the German General University Entrance Qualification called Allgemeine Hochschulreife or in other words called Abitur.[https://www.zfl.fau.de/studium/staatsexamen/ Staatsexamen (Erste Staatsprüfung)] at Zentrum für Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung; published 18 May 2010; retrieved November 15, 2015
For teachers working at universities, the "Second State Examination for Teachers" may be replaced by a doctorate.[http://www.uni-siegen.de/uni/stellen/prof/541029.html?lang=de Fakultät I: Studienrätin oder Studienrat im Hochschuldienst (Bes.-Gr. A 13 LBesO)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125230946/http://www.uni-siegen.de/uni/stellen/prof/541029.html?lang=de |date=2015-11-25 }} at Universitat Siegen; published 29 February 2012; retrieved November 15, 2015[http://www.beamtenkapital.de/aktuelles/2010/07/studienrat-und-lehrer/ Studienrat und Lehrer] at ERGO - Beamten Kapital; published 3 July 2010; retrieved November 12, 2015
Holders of a Magister degree (Master) and a doctorate can be accepted under some circumstances (extensive amount of published work) for the title/rank of {{lang|de|Studienrat}}, too.[https://www.academics.de/wissenschaft/wie_werde_ich_studienrat_im_hochschuldienst_30647.html Wie werden ich Studienrat im Hochschuldienst?] at Academics.de; published 13 March 2012; retrieved November 15, 2015[https://www.uni-trier.de/fileadmin/fb2/SIN/Jobs_und_Weiterbildung/AusschreibungStRiH_Chinesisch26.05.pdf Studienrätin/Studienrat im Hochschuldienst für Chinesische Sprache ] at University Trier published by Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; published 26 May 2011; retrieved November 15, 2015
The "Second State Examination for Teachers" takes 2 years training at a special teacher academy called Studienseminar. The workload of this so-called Referendariat or Vorbereitungsdienst is 3600 hours (comparable to ~120 ECTS) consisting of at least 1080 hours course work in 12 modules with oral and written tests at the teacher academy, teaching in the two studied subjects in different schools and a thesis in the field of education.[http://lakk.sts-ghrf-frankfurt.bildung.hessen.de/backup/homepage-classen/Struktur_und_Ablauf_des_Vorbereitungsdienstes_nach_HLbG-UVO__Aufnahme_LiV_01.08.2006_.pdf Vorbereitungsdienst am Studienseminar GHRF Frankfurt] Roger Port, Studienseminar Frankfurt/Hessen; published 1 August 2006; retrieved November 13, 2015
In some cases, the second Staatsexamen can be a substitute for a doctorate when it comes to applying for certain jobs at a university (i.e., Akademischer Rat).{{citation needed|date=March 2016}}
=Appointment and granting of title=
The title/rank of {{lang|de|Studienrat}} can be awarded only by the government of one of the states of Germany, for example the state of Hesse.
Granting this title/rank makes the holder a Beamter (civil servant having tenure), employed by the {{Clarify|reason=not federal govt.|date=November 2015|text=German}} government.[http://www.schulrecht-sh.de/texte/l/laufbahn_erlass.htm Ordnung der Laufbahnen der Lehrer an allgemeinbildenden und berufsbildenden Schulen] at Recht Schleswig-Holstein Erl. vom 8. April 1971 (NBI. KM. Schl.-H. S. 158)1) mit späteren Änderungen - Zuletzt geändert durch Erlass vom 23. Januar 2009 (NBI.MBF.Schl.-H. 2009 S. 38); published 8 April 1971; retrieved November 15, 2015{{Failed verification|date=November 2015}}
First, the title/rank {{lang|de| Studienrat z.A.}} or {{lang|de| Studienrat zur Anstellung }} is granted for a probation period. After at least three years of probation time
and many additional examinations the title/rank Studienrat auf Lebenszeit can be granted by the government giving tenure for lifetime (Beamter auf Lebenszeit).
= Notable holders of title =
For instance the German politician and Lord Mayor of the city of Marburg Hanno Drechsler, the German mathematician Heinrich Jung, and Gebhard Ludwig Himmler, the elder brother of the Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler all had the title of {{lang|de|Studienrat}}.
See also
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
External links
{{external media
| topic = Title Studienrat in History
| float = left
| image1 = [http://buch.hu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Aus-vergangenen-Tagen-von-Studienrat-Dr.-Th.-Eitner-e1440428883184.jpg Historic Studienrat at Erfurt 1929]
| image2 = [http://img.webme.com/pic/v/volkamer/b-studienrat.png Studienrat 1979 at Berlin]
| image3 = [http://sterbebilder.schwemberger.at/galleries/M/Murr%20Josef%20Dr.%20Studienrat%20Gymnasialprofessor%201864-1932%20Tirol.jpg Studienrat i.R.]
| video1 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3RMjiEVFNs Helge Schneider as Studienrat Major], YouTube video
}}