Subimal Dutt
{{Short description|Indian diplomat and ICS officer (1903-1992)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Subimal Dutt
| office = 3rd Foreign Secretary of India
| termstart = 11 October 1955
| termend = 17 January 1961
| predecessor = Ratan Kumar Nehru
| successor = M. J. Desai
| alma_mater = University of Calcutta
SOAS University of London
| office2 = Ambassador of India to Germany
| termstart2 = 1952
| termend2 = 1954
| predecessor2 = Office established
| successor2 = A. C. N. Nambiar
| honorific_suffix = OBE
| birth_date = 5 December 1903
| birth_place = Chittagong, Bengal Presidency, British India (now Chattogram, Bangladesh)
| death_date = {{death date and age|1992|3|2|1903|12|5}}
| death_place = Calcutta (now Kolkata), West Bengal, India
}}
Subimal Dutt (সুবিমল দত্ত) (5 December 1903 - 2 March 1992) was an Indian diplomat and ICS officer. He served as India's Commonwealth Secretary and later as Foreign Secretary under Jawaharlal Nehru and was also India's ambassador to the Soviet Union, Federal Republic of Germany and Bangladesh.{{cite journal|last=Gupta|first=Sisir|title=Bureaucrats and Politicians|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|date=29 April 1978|volume= - XIII No. 17}}
Early life and career
Subimal Dutt hailed from the village Kanungopara near Chittagong in erstwhile Bengal Presidency. He was educated at the University of Calcutta and the SOAS University of London and joined the ICS in 1928. He served in various capacities in Bengal districts. In 1938 he was transferred to Delhi to the Imperial Council of Agricultural Affairs to become an Additional Under-Secretary in the Department of Education, Health and Lands thereafter. In 1941, he was appointed the Government of India's Agent in Malaya.{{cite news|title=New Indian agent Mr. Subimal Dutt Appointed|url=http://newspapers.nl.sg/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19401206.2.64.aspx|access-date=2 December 2012|newspaper=The Straits Times|date=6 December 1940}} After his return in December 1941 he held various posts with the Government of Bengal, from April 1944 until 22 July 1947 as Secretary of the Department of Agriculture. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1946 Birthday Honours.[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/37598/supplements/2790 London Gazette, 13 June 1946]
Diplomatic career
In August 1947 he was appointed Commonwealth Secretary in the Ministry of External Affairs. From 1952-54, he was India's first ambassador to West Germany.{{cite web|title=Previous Indian Ambassadors to the Federal Republic of Germany|url=http://www.indianembassy.de/previous_ambassadors.php|access-date=2 December 2012}} He returned as Commonwealth Secretary in the Ministry of External Affairs (1954–55) and from 12 October 1955 to 11 April 1961 was the longest serving Foreign Secretary of India. As Commonwealth Secretary, along with V.K. Krishna Menon, Dutt was India's representative on the Political Committee at the Bandung Conference.{{cite web|title=Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru - Volume 28|url=http://www.claudearpi.net/maintenance/uploaded_pics/SW28.pdf|access-date=2 December 2012}} As Foreign Secretary in the years leading up to the Sino-Indian War of 1962, Dutt was closely involved in policy formulation regarding Tibet and China. He was also involved in shaping India's response to the Suez and Hungarian crises which happened while he was the foreign secretary.
He was appointed Indian Ambassador to the Soviet Union in June 1961, succeeding K.P.S. Menon. After his retirement from the Foreign Service in November 1962 he became Secretary to the President for two years. In 1964 he was appointed the first Vigilance Commissioner of West Bengal, from 1968 to January 1972 he held the post of the Central Vigilance Commissioner.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} Indira Gandhi in January 1972 on short term asked him to become India's first High Commissioner to Bangladesh in 1972.{{cite web|last=Aiyar|first=Mani Shankar|title=The Day After|url=http://www.rediff.in/news/1996/1912man1.htm|publisher=Rediff|access-date=2 December 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130218045242/http://www.rediff.in/news/1996/1912man1.htm|archive-date=18 February 2013|df=dmy-all}}{{cite book|last=Das|first=B S|title=Memoirs of an Indian Diplomat|year=2010|publisher=Tata McGraw Hill|location=New Delhi|pages=20|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GzXnhkpxgOsC&q=subimal+dutt&pg=PA20|isbn=9780070680883}} Dutt retired in April 1974 protesting against the visit of Pakistani Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto to Bangladesh.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}
Post retirement
Between 1964 and 1968, Dutt served as the Vigilance Commissioner of West Bengal where, appalled at how corruption had become endemic in public life, he coined the term 'speed money' noting that it had become a way of life.{{cite web|title=Of MPs, fudged expenses and what India spends on them|url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/2009/may/26/slide-show-5-how-much-india-spends-on-mps.htm|access-date=2 December 2012}}{{cite web|title=Cheating: A way of life|url=http://50.23.175.3-static.reverse.softlayer.com/columnists/sunanda-k-datta-ray/cheating-way-life|access-date=2 December 2012}} He chaired the Industrial Licensing Policy Inquiry Committee, known as the Dutt Committee, whose report in 1969 led to the enactment of the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act in India.{{cite book|last=Kumar|first=Virendra|title=Committees and Commissions in India, 1947-73|year=1979|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|location=New Delhi|pages=112|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SowaqZ0UlXMC&q=subimal+dutt&pg=PA112|isbn=9788170221975}}{{cite web|title=Dutt Committee Report|url=http://www.gktoday.in/gk/indian-industry-general-knowledge/page/5/|access-date=2 December 2012}} Between 1968 and February 1972, he held the post of Central Vigilance Commissioner. He also authored With Nehru in the Foreign Office in 1977.{{cite web|title=With Nehru in the Foreign Office|url=http://www.getcited.org/pub/101852950|access-date=2 December 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130414210346/http://www.getcited.org/pub/101852950|archive-date=14 April 2013|df=dmy-all}}
Death
Subimal Dutt died on 2 March 1992 in Calcutta following a long illness. He was 88.{{cite book|last=Bhatt|first=S C|title=Land and People of Indian States and Union Territories: Volume 16|year=2006|publisher=Kalpaz Publications|location=New Delhi|pages=678|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IleHyBDWbzEC&q=subimal+dutt+indira+gandhi&pg=PA678|isbn=9788178353722}}
Literature
1. Amit Das Gupta, Serving India. A political biography of Subimal Dutt (1903-1992), India's longest serving Foreign Secretary (New Delhi: Manohar, 2017).
2. Amit R. Das Gupta, "Foreign Secretary Subimal Dutt and the prehistory of the Sino-Indian border war", in: Das Gupta, Amit R., und Lüthi, Lorenz M., The Sino-Indian War in 1962: New Perspectives (New Delhi: Routledge, 2017): 48-67.
References
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{{Indian civil servants}}
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Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers
Category:Indian Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Category:Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Category:Ambassadors of India to West Germany
Category:Ambassadors of India to the Soviet Union