Substance intoxication

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Substance intoxication is a transient condition of altered consciousness and behavior associated with recent use of a substance.{{cite book|author1=Michael B. First|author2=Allan Tasman|title=Clinical Guide to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Disorders|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jyXxmyysU7gC&pg=PA146|access-date=27 April 2010|date=2 October 2009|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|isbn=978-0-470-74520-5|pages=146–}} It is often maladaptive and impairing, but reversible.{{cite book|author1=Michael B. First|author2=Allen Frances|author3=Harold Alan Pincus|title=DSM-IV-TR guidebook|url=https://archive.org/details/dsmivtrguidebook0000firs|url-access=registration|access-date=27 April 2010|year=2004|publisher=American Psychiatric Pub|isbn=978-1-58562-068-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/dsmivtrguidebook0000firs/page/135 135]–}} If the symptoms are severe, the term "substance intoxication delirium" may be used.{{cite book|author1=William H. Reid|author2=Michael G. Wise|title=DSM-IV training guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PgzBZWzo6QMC&pg=PA80|access-date=27 April 2010|date=26 August 1995|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-87630-768-7|pages=80–}} Slang terms for the state include: getting high (generic), and being stoned, cooked, or fried (usually in reference to cannabis).

Substance intoxication may often accompany a substance use disorder (SUD); if persistent substance-related problems exist, SUD is the preferred diagnosis.{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/substance_abuse/terminology/acute_intox/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040704055527/http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/terminology/acute_intox/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 4, 2004 |title=Acute intoxication |publisher=World Health Organization |access-date=2020-01-31}}

The term "intoxication" in common use most often refers to alcohol intoxication, or drug addiction usually opioids consisting of an overdose; resulting in death.

Classification

The ICD-10 Mental and Behavioural Disorders due to psychoactive substance use shows:Drs; {{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/bluebook.pdf |title= The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines |first1=Norman|last1= Sartorius|author-link=Norman Sartorius|last2= Henderson|first2=A.S.|last3= Strotzka|first3=H.|last4= Lipowski|first4=Z. |last5= Yu-cun|first5=Shen|last6=You-xin|first6=Xu |last7=Strömgren|first7=E. |last8= Glatzel|first8=J. |last9= Kühne|first9=G.-E.|last10= Misès|first10=R.|last11=Soldatos|first11=C.R. |last12= Pull|first12=C.B.|last13= Giel|first13=R.|last14= Jegede|first14=R.|last15=Malt|first15=U. |last16= Nadzharov|first16=R.A.|last17= Smulevitch|first17=A.B.|last18= Hagberg|first18=B.|last19= Perris|first19=C.|last20= Scharfetter|first20=C. |last21= Clare|first21=A. |last22= Cooper|first22=J.E. |last23= Corbett|first23=J.A. |last24=Griffith Edwards |first24=J. |last25= Gelder|first25=M.|last26= Goldberg|first26=D.|last27= Gossop|first27=M.|last28= Graham|first28=P.|last29=Kendell|first29=R.E. |last30= Marks|first30=I.|last31= Russell|first31=G.|last32= Rutter|first32=M.|last33= Shepherd|first33=M.|last34= West |first34=D.J.|last35= Wing |first35=J. |last36= Wing|first36=L.|last37= Neki|first37=J.S. |last38= Benson|first38=F.|last39= Cantwell|first39=D. |last40=Guze|first40=S. |last41= Helzer|first41=J.|last42= Holzman|first42=P.|last43= Kleinman|first43=A.|last44=Kupfer|first44=D.J.|last45= Mezzich|first45=J. |last46= Spitzer|first46=R. |last47=Lokar |first47=J. |website=www.who.int World Health Organization |publisher=Microsoft Word |agency=bluebook.doc |pages=65–76 |access-date=24 June 2021 |via=Microsoft Bing}}

F10. alcohol
F11. opioids
F12. cannabinoids
F13. sedatives and hypnotics
F14. cocaine
F15. caffeine
F16. hallucinogens
F17. tobacco
F18. volatile solvent
F19. multiple drug use and use of other psychoactive substances

=Caffeine=

The discussion over whether the coffee (caffeine) "buzz" counted as intoxication or not was hotly debated during the early to mid 16th century.{{cite book|last= Brown|first= Daniel W.|title= A new introduction to Islam|publisher= Wiley-Blackwell|location= Chichester, West Sussex|year= 2004|pages= [https://archive.org/details/newintroductiont0000brow/page/149 149–51]|isbn= 978-1-4051-5807-7|url= https://archive.org/details/newintroductiont0000brow/page/149}}

= Contact high =

Contact high is a phenomenon that occurs in otherwise sober people who experience a drug-like effect just by coming into contact with someone who is under the influence of a psychoactive drug. In a similar way to the placebo effect, a contact high may be caused by classical conditioning as well as by the physical and social

setting.{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.124.11.1600-b|doi = 10.1176/ajp.124.11.1600-b|title = Dr. Bozzetti Replies|year = 1968|last1 = Bozzetti|first1 = L.|journal = American Journal of Psychiatry|volume = 124|issue = 11}}{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-020-05464-5|doi=10.1007/s00213-020-05464-5|title=Tripping on nothing: Placebo psychedelics and contextual factors|year=2020|last1=Olson|first1=Jay A.|last2=Suissa-Rocheleau|first2=Léah|last3=Lifshitz|first3=Michael|last4=Raz|first4=Amir|last5=Veissière|first5=Samuel P. L.|journal=Psychopharmacology|volume=237|issue=5|pages=1371–1382|pmid=32144438|s2cid=212577549}}

The term is often incorrectly used to describe the high obtained from passive inhalation of marijuana.{{Cite journal|title=The Vocabulary of the Drug User and Alcoholic: A Glossary|journal=International Journal of the Addictions|url=https://doi.org/10.3109/10826087109057793|last=Keup|first=Wolfram|date=Jan 1971|volume=6|issue=2|pages=353|doi=10.3109/10826087109057793|pmid=4950517}}

Slang terms

Slang terms include: getting high (generic), being stoned, cooked, or blazed (usually in reference to cannabis),{{cite journal |url=https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?cluster=2831786369993753984&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5|author=Johnson BD, Bardhi F, Sifaneck SJ, Dunlap E |title=Marijuana Argot As Subculture Threads |year=2005 |journal=British Journal of Criminology |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=46–77 |doi=10.1093/bjc/azi053}} and many more specific slang terms for particular intoxicants. Alcohol intoxication is graded in intensity from buzzed, to tipsy then drunk all the way up to hammered, plastered, smashed, wasted, destroyed, shitfaced and a number of other terms. The term rolling is a common word used to describe being under the influence of MDMA and for LSD the phrases frying or tripping have been used. "Tripping" is a term that is considered applicable to virtually all hallucinogens which includes psychedelics, dissociatives, deliriants and possibly certain types of hypnotics.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}

References

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Category:Substance-related disorders