Sugar industry of India
{{Short description|none}}
File:Time of cutting sugar cane.jpg
Sugar has been produced in India since ancient 1200 BC and then it spread to other parts. Sugarcane is a native of tropical Indian and Pakistan subcontinent then to Southeast Asia.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sVWItAEACAAJ|title=The Great Hedge of India: The Search for the Living Barrier that Divided a People|last=Moxham|first=Roy|date=2002-02-07|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=9780786709762|language=en}} In India, sugarcane is planted thrice a year in October, March and July depending on part of the country.{{cite web|url=http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/content/planting-time-sugarcane|title=Planting time: Sugarcane {{!}} agropedia|website=Agropedia.iitk.ac.in|access-date=2019-06-04}} Most of the sugar production in India takes at local Cooperative Sugar mills.{{cite web|url=https://coopsugar.org/|title=NFCSF – National Federation of Cooperative Sugar Factories Limited|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-04}}{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/market/commodities/cooperative-sugar-mills-seek-sops-to-begin-crushing-in-next-season/1135453/|title=Cooperative sugar mills seek sops to begin crushing in next season|date=2018-04-17|website=The Financial Express|access-date=2019-06-04}} After gaining Independence, India made serious plans for overall industrial development of sugar industry.{{cite web|url=https://www.indianmirror.com/indian-industries/sugar.html|title=Indian Sugar Industry, Sugar Industry in India, Sugar Industry, Sugar Industries|website=www.indianmirror.com|access-date=2019-06-04}}
Market
File:Sugarcane weighing at sugarmill.jpg
Sugar industry is a big business in India. Around 525 mills produced more than 30 million tonnes of sugar in the last crushing season,{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/agriculture/isma-cuts-indias-2018-19-sugar-production-estimate-to-307-lakh-tonnes/articleshow/67622494.cms?from=mdr|title=ISMA cuts India's 2018–19 sugar production estimate to 307 lakh tonnes|last=Bhosale|first=Jayashree|date=2019-01-21|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-06-04}} which lasted from October to April. This makes it the world's largest producer, unseating Brazil. Some 50 million farmers and millions of more workers, are involved in sugarcane farming.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-48173677|title=How sugar influences the world's biggest election|last=Biswas|first=Soutik|date=2019-05-08|work=BBC News|access-date=2019-06-04|language=en-GB}} India is the world's largest consumer of sugar.{{cite web|url=https://www.chinimandi.com/india-set-to-replace-brazil-as-its-biggest-producer/|title=India, The World's Biggest Consumer Of Sugar Set To Replace Brazil As Its Biggest Producer Too|last=Rai|first=Shivani|date=2018-09-03|website=Sugar Industry News and Updates|publisher=Chinimandi.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-04}}{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/health/buzz/indians-are-the-world-s-largest-consumers-of-sugar-and-it-s-slowly-poisoning-us-248039.html|title=Indians Are The World's Largest Consumers Of Sugar, And It's Slowly Poisoning Us!|date=2015-12-09|website=indiatimes.com|language=en|access-date=2019-06-04}} According to data from the Indian Sugar Mills Association, the country's sugar mill produce 268.21{{nbsp}}lakh ({{lakh|268.21}}) tonnes of sugar between October 1, 2019, and May 31, 2020.{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/in-focus/bittersweet-harvest/782225.html|title=Bittersweet harvest|website=The Tribune}}
On May 24, 2022, the Indian government announced that India will restrict the export of sugar from June 1, 2022. This restriction has been ordered to maintain domestic availability and ensure price stability.{{cite web |date=2022-05-26 |title=Explained: Sugar export curbs and their impact |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-sugar-export-curbs-and-their-impact-7936227/ |access-date=2022-05-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}
Production of sugar cane in India
Sugar cane is very important input for making sugar. When production of sugar cane increases, sugar production also increases. Sugar cane's production increased from 110 million tonnes in year 1961 to 405 million tonnes in year 2019. Sugar cane are grown in 2413 thousand hectare in 1961 year to 5061 thousand hectare in year 2019. Production quality for sugar cane is also increased. Production quantity improved from 45 tonnes/hectare to 80 tonnes/hectare.
| class="wikitable" |
| Year
|Hectare (thousand) {{cite web|title=Production of sugar cane in India|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC}} |Production tonnes/hectare |Production (million tonnes) |
| 1961
|2,413 |45 |110 |
| 1971
|2,615 |48 |126 |
| 1981
|2,666 |58 |154 |
| 1991
|3,686 |65 |241 |
| 2001
|4,315 |68 |296 |
| 2011
|4,944 |69 |342 |
| 2019
|5,061 |80 |405 |
Production of sugar cane by state
Traditionally, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra produce the majority of sugar cane in India. This can be attributed to rich soil surrounding major rivers present in both states. However, in 2019 Maharashtra was hit with floods thus affecting total production.
| class="wikitable"
|+ Production by state (2017–18){{cite web|url=http://agriexchange.apeda.gov.in/india%20production/India_Productions.aspx?cat=Agri&hscode=1015 |title=India production of 1015,1015 |publisher=Agriexchange.apeda.gov.in |date= |accessdate=2022-08-12}} | ||
| State | Production(1000 tonnes) | Share(Percentage) |
|---|---|---|
| Uttar Pradesh | 177,060.00 | 46.75 |
| Maharashtra | 83,130.00 | 22.06 |
| Karnataka | 28,260.00 | 7.50 |
| Tamil Nadu | 16,540.00 | 4.39 |
| Bihar | 13,980.00 | 3.71 |
| Gujarat | 12,050.00 | 3.20 |
| Haryana | 9,630.00 | 2.56 |
| Punjab | 8,020.00 | 2.13 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 7,950.00 | 2.11 |
| Uttarakhand | 6,300.00 | 1.67 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 5,430.00 | 1.44 |
| Telangana | 2,560.00 | 0.68 |
| Others | 5,980.00 | 1.59 |
Products and by-products
The processing of sugarcane generates bagasse, molasses and press mud. Indian sugar industry has been using these by-products to generate bioethanol, electricity and many other products over the years.{{Cite journal|last=Solomon|first=S.|date=2011-12-01|title=Sugarcane By-Products Based Industries in India|journal=Sugar Tech|language=en|volume=13|issue=4|pages=408–416|doi=10.1007/s12355-011-0114-0|s2cid=45483988|issn=0974-0740}}
Organisations
- Indian Sugar Mills Association (ISMA){{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/commodities/news/maharashtra-mills-set-yet-another-record-in-sugar-output/articleshow/69210828.cms|title=Maharashtra mills set yet another record in sugar output|date=2019-05-07|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-06-04}}
- All India Sugar Trade Association (AISTA){{Cite news|url=https://in.reuters.com/article/india-sugar-idINKCN1QZ129|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319204142/https://in.reuters.com/article/india-sugar-idINKCN1QZ129|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 19, 2019|title=India's 2018/19 sugar output seen at 32.6 million T – trade body|date=2019-03-18|work=Reuters|access-date=2019-06-04|language=en}}
- National Sugar Institute (NSI){{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/nsi-admission-2019-applications-begun-at-national-sugar-institute-entrance-exam-in-june-entrance-exam-in-june-nsi-gov-in-5639344/|title=NSI admission 2019: Applications begun at National Sugar Institute, entrance exam in June|date=2019-03-23|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-06-04}}
- The Sugar Technologists Association of India (STAI){{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/market/commodities/sugar-technologists-seek-hike-in-msp-to-rs-3600-quintal/1552699/|title=Sugar technologists seek hike in MSP to Rs 3,600/quintal|date=2019-04-19|website=The Financial Express|access-date=2019-06-04}}
See also
References
{{commons category|Sugar industry in India}}
{{reflist}}
{{Agriculture in India}}
{{Asia topic|Sugar industry of}}
{{Sugar}}