Suiso Frontier
{{Short description|Liquid hydrogen carrier ship}}
| {{Infobox ship begin
| display title = }} {{Infobox ship image | Ship image = File:SUISO FRONTIER left rear view at Kawasaki Heavy Industries Kobe Shipyard October 18, 2020 01.jpg | Ship caption = Port aft view of the Suiso Frontier at the Kawasaki Heavy Industries Kobe Shipyard on October 18, 2020 }} {{Infobox ship career | Hide header = | Ship country = Japan | Ship flag = {{Shipboxflag|Japan|civil}} | Ship name = Suiso Frontier | Ship owner = | Ship operator = | Ship homeport = Kobe | Ship route = Japan-Australia | Ship ordered = | Ship builder = Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd | Ship original cost = | Ship yard number = | Ship way number = | Ship laid down = | Ship launched = December 11, 2019 | Ship completed = | Ship christened = | Ship acquired = | Ship maiden voyage = | Ship in service = | Ship out of service = | Ship identification = {{IMO number|9860154}} | Ship fate = | Ship status = | Ship notes = }} {{Infobox ship characteristics | Hide header = | Header caption = | Ship type = Liquid carrier | Ship tonnage = {{GT|8,000}} | Ship displacement = | Ship length = {{convert|116|m|abbr=on}} | Ship beam = | Ship height = | Ship draught = | Ship draft = | Ship depth = {{convert|10.6|m|abbr=on}} (molded) | Ship decks = | Ship deck clearance = | Ship ramps = | Ship ice class = | Ship sail plan = | Ship power = | Ship propulsion = Diesel-electric | Ship speed = {{convert|13.0|kn}}{{Cite web|last=Linder|first=Courtney|date=2019-12-17|title=First Liquid Hydrogen Carrier Sets Sail in Japan|url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/green-tech/a30247640/kawasaki-liquid-hydrogen-ship/|access-date=2022-02-01|website=Popular Mechanics|language=en-US}} | Ship capacity = {{Convert|1,250|m3|abbr=on}} | Ship notes = }} |
The {{Nihongo|Suiso Frontier|すいそ ふろんてぃあ|lead=yes|4="Hydrogen Frontier"}} is the world's first liquid hydrogen carrier ship.{{cite web | url=https://global.kawasaki.com/en/corp/newsroom/news/detail/?f=20191211_3487 | title=News & Events }} Built by the Kawasaki Heavy Industries, it was put into service in 2019.
Design and construction
The Suiso Frontier was built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries, following support by the governments of Japan and Australia. The ship carries liquid hydrogen, the first load of which was extracted from brown coal in Australia and carried to Kobe, Japan.{{cite web|date=24 December 2021|title=Kawasaki Heavy says liquefied hydrogen carrier departs Japan for Australia|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/kawasaki-heavy-says-liquefied-hydrogen-carrier-departs-japan-australia-2021-12-24/|access-date=24 December 2021|website=Asia Pacific|publisher=Reuters}} As a prototype, she is planned to lead to a commercial liquid hydrogen sometime in the mid-2020s.
Although the first in service, a liquid hydrogen carrier ship is not a unique design. Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering of South Korea and the Wilhelmsen Group of Norway both have designs for a ship of the same type, the latter being a roll-on/roll-off vessel. A joint design by Canada's Ballard Power Systems and Australia's Global Energy Ventures is currently developing a ship where hydrogen is transported in a compressed gas form.{{Cite news|last=Saul|first=Jonathan|date=2021-05-11|title=Too cold to handle? Race is on to pioneer shipping of hydrogen|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/sustainable-business/too-cold-handle-race-is-pioneer-shipping-hydrogen-2021-05-11/|access-date=2022-02-01}}
Kawasaki Heavy Industries is a member of HySTRA and, along with Iwatani, Shell, and Electric Power Development, plans to promote hydrogen as a fuel source.{{cite web|date=21 January 2022|title=World's 1st LH2 carrier Suiso Frontier picks up maiden cargo|url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/worlds-1st-lh2-carrier-suiso-frontier-picks-up-maiden-cargo/}}
The ship carries a double-shielded and double-insulated 1,250-cubic-meter tank to both hold and maintain hydrogen at a temperature of −253 °C. She is 116 meters long, displaces 8,000 gross tons, molded breadth of 62 feet, molded depth of 35 feet and a molded draft of 15 feet. Its diesel-electric propulsion provides a top speed of 13 knots maintained by a crew of 25.{{Cite web|title=Video: World's First Hydrogen Carrier Departs Japan on Maiden Voyage|url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/video-world-s-first-hydrogen-carrier-departs-japan-on-maiden-voyage|access-date=2022-02-01|website=The Maritime Executive|language=en}}
The hydrogen's production plan quickly drew criticism for its management of the carbon dioxide that will be created as a byproduct.{{cite news|date=21 January 2022|title=Australian plan to make hydrogen using coal and ship it to Japan comes under fire|newspaper=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2022/01/21/australian-plan-make-hydrogen-using-coal-ship-japan-comes-fire/|access-date=23 January 2022|last1=Mustoe |first1=Howard }}
Service history
On December 24, 2021, she left Japan for a two-week trip to Port of Hastings, Australia,{{Cite web|title=Video: World's First Hydrogen Carrier Departs Japan on Maiden Voyage|url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/video-world-s-first-hydrogen-carrier-departs-japan-on-maiden-voyage|access-date=2022-02-01|website=The Maritime Executive|language=en}} which is expected to return to Japan in mid-February 2022 with her first cargo. Her trip was extended to 16 days as the vessel avoided bad weather and rough seas.{{Cite news|last=Paul|first=Sonali|date=2022-01-21|title=World's first hydrogen tanker to ship test cargo to Japan from Australia|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/worlds-first-hydrogen-tanker-ship-test-cargo-australia-japan-2022-01-20/|access-date=2022-02-01}}
Incident
On the night of January 25, 2022, a malfunction occurred in the gas control system on the same ship anchored in Hastings Port.
An investigation by the Australian Transport Safety Bureau revealed that an improper type of electromagnetic valve with a different number of bolts was installed in the drive unit of the air fan exhaust damper of the ship's vaporized gas combustion system, causing the valve to be damaged during operation. This malfunction resulted in the closure of the damper of the fan, leading to inadequate airflow and overheating of the gas combustion system. The internal hydrogen flame became unstable, resulting in a 1-meter-high flame being emitted from the exhaust tower. Additionally, it was found that the control system of the gas combustion unit did not have the functionality to detect such unexpected valve closures during operation, and the automatic safety control was not effective.
Upon receiving radio communication from crew members who saw the flames from the exhaust tower and the alarm indicating an increase in exhaust temperature, the third officer closed the hydrogen supply valve to the gas combustion system and promptly shut down the gas combustion unit. There were no casualties from the fire. At the time, the ship had a crew of 24 members, including Indians, Croatians, British, and Filipinos, all of whom were uninjured.
The Australian Transport Safety Bureau classified this event as a serious incident.[https://www.atsb.gov.au/publications/investigation_reports/2022/mair/mo-2022-001 Australian Transport Safety Bureau. (2022). Marine Occurrence Investigation Report MO-2022-001.]
Gallery
File:SUISO FRONTIER left side view at Kawasaki Heavy Industries Kobe Shipyard October 18, 2020.jpg|Port side of the Suiso Frontier at the Kawasaki Heavy Industries Kobe Shipyards on October 18, 2020
File:SUISO FRONTIER left rear view at Kawasaki Heavy Industries Kobe Shipyard October 18, 2020 01.jpg|Port aft view of the Suiso Frontier at the Kawasaki Heavy Industries Kobe Shipyard on October 18, 2020