Sunda scops owl

{{Speciesbox

| image = Otus lempij - Singapore.jpg

| image_caption = In Singapore.

| status = LC

| status_system = IUCN3.1

| status_ref = {{Cite journal | author = BirdLife International | title = Otus lempiji | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2016 | page = e.T61859106A95182654 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2016 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/61859106/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T61859106A95182654.en | access-date = 15 January 2018| doi-access = free }}

| status2 = CITES_A2

| status2_system = CITES

| status2_ref = {{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}

| genus = Otus

| species = lempiji

| authority = (Horsfield, 1821)

}}

The Sunda scops owl (Otus lempiji) is a small brown owl native to the Sunda Islands.

Taxonomy

The taxon is considered a subspecies of Otus bakkamoena by some authors.{{cite web |title=Sunda Scops Owl |url=https://ebird.org/species/susowl2 |access-date=16 February 2021}}

Description

It grows from {{cvt|20 to 25|cm|in|abbr=on}} and can weigh {{cvt|100 to 170|g|oz|abbr=on}}. It is speckled with black on the upper parts and streaked with black on the lower parts. It has a light collar and dark eyes, which differentiate it from the reddish scops, mountain scops, Oriental scops and Rajah scops owls.{{cite web |title=Sunda Scops Owl |url=https://singaporebirds.com/species/sunda-scops-owl/ |website=Singapore Birds |date=10 January 2016 |access-date=10 August 2021}}

Distribution and habitat

It lives on the Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Borneo, Sumatra and Java. It can be found primarily in forests and gardens but is occasionally attracted to buildings.

Diet

The diet of the Sunda scops owl mainly consists of insects, as well as small animals.{{cn|date=February 2025}} Some examples of the prey they hunt are rats, small fish, lizards, crickets, and beetles’ larvae. However, their most preferred prey are rats.{{cite web |title=The feeding preference of sunda scops-owl (Otus lempiji horsfield) to bait |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/418/1/012088 |website=IOP Science|access-date=16 March 2024}}

Conservation

It has been included in the IUCN Red List of threatened species as a least concern species. It is common throughout its range where there is suitable habitat.{{cite journal |title=Otus lempiji |journal=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |year=2016 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T61859106A95182654.en |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T61859106A95182654.en |access-date=16 February 2021|doi-access=free }}

Behaviour

=Breeding=

The Sunda scops owl lines its nest with plant fibre. It will lay up to three eggs in a tree hollow from January to April and their breeding season can sometimes be extended to June or late July. The Sunda scops owl tends to behave aggressively when threatened by other owls by displaying territorial behavior. A female Sunda scops owl will react aggressively when feeling threatened by responding vocally to warn intruders from interfering and keeping them at a distance.{{cite journal |last1=Phillcaine |first1=Pilla |title=Sunda Scops-Owl Density Estimation via Distance Sampling and Call Playback. |journal=Sains Malaysiana |date=2018 |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=441–446 |doi=10.17576/jsm-2018-4703-03 |url=http://www.ukm.my/jsm/pdf_files/SM-PDF-47-3-2018/03%20Phillcaine%20Pilla.pdf}}

=Voice=

Its call is a hooting yelp in between a longer period of silence. The Sunda Scops owls use their callings to mark their territory and have evolved to have voice individuality to improve their territory proclamation. Every owl has its own unique vocal characteristics such as varying frequencies at which they produce their callings/noises which gives them each a unique voice. Having a unique voice/calling makes it easier for an owl to stand out from its competitors and mark its territory more effectively.

Gallery

File:Rajah Scops-Owl (Otus brookii) juvenile.jpg|none|From Gunung Gede, West Java.

File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een Maleise dwerg-ooruil (Otus bakkamoena lempiji) met twee jongen Dampar Oost-Java TMnr 10006595.jpg|none|Historic (c. 1938) image of an adult with two young, Dampar, East Java.