SuperFerry 9

{{Short description|Ferry which sank off the southwest coast of Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines (2009)}}

{{Infobox ship begin

| display title = none

| infobox caption = MV SuperFery 9

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{{Infobox ship image

| Ship image =

SFERRY 9.jpg

| Ship caption =

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{{Infobox ship career

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| Ship country=Japan

| Ship flag= {{shipboxflag|Japan|government}}

| Ship name = Ariake

| Ship owner = Ooshima Transportation Co. Ltd. (A” Line)

| Ship registry =

| title =

| Ship route = Tokyo - Naze (Amami island) - Naha (Okinawa)

| Ship ordered =

| Ship builder = Usuki Tekkosho of Saiki, Ōita, Japan

| Ship original cost =

| Ship yard number = 1328

| Ship way number =

| Ship laid down =

| Ship launched = November 4, 1986

| Ship completed = July 8, 1986

| Ship christened =

| Ship acquired =

| Ship maiden voyage = 1986

| Ship in service = 1986–1995

| Ship out of service =September 1995

| Ship fate = Sold to William Lines Inc.

| Ship homeport =

| Ship identification = {{IMO|8517396}}

| Ship notes =

}}

{{Infobox ship career

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| Ship country=Philippines

| Ship flag = {{shipboxflag|Philippines|government}}

|Ship name=

1995-1996: Wilines Mabuhay 5
1996-2009: SuperFerry 9

|Ship owner=

1995-1996: William Lines Inc.
1996-2004: WG&A Philippines Inc.
2004-2009: Aboitiz Transport System

|Ship operator=

1995-1996: William Lines Inc.
1996-2009: SuperFerry

|Ship registry= Manila, Philippines

|Ship route=

|Ship ordered=

|Ship builder=

|Ship original cost=

|Ship yard number=

|Ship way number=

|Ship laid down=

|Ship launched=

|Ship completed=

|Ship christened=

|Ship acquired= 1995

|Ship maiden voyage= 1996

|Ship in service= 1995–2009

|Ship out of service= September 6, 2009

|Ship identification=

|Ship fate= Sank on September 6, 2009

|Ship notes=

}}

{{Infobox ship characteristics

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|Header caption=

|Ship class=Roll-on/lift-off (RO-LO) ferry

|Ship tonnage={{GT|7268}}

|Ship displacement=

|Ship length={{cvt|141.5|m|ftin}}

|Ship beam={{cvt|23.0|m|ftin}}

|Ship height=

|Ship draught={{cvt|5.6|m|ftin}}

|Ship draft=

|Ship depth={{cvt|13.7|m|ftin}}

|Ship decks=

|Ship deck clearance=

|Ship ramps= 2

|Ship ice class=

|Ship sail plan=

|Ship power=13500 hp

|Ship propulsion=NKK Pielstick 18PC2-6V. 1 set

|Ship speed=

|Ship capacity=

|Ship crew=

|Ship notes=

}}

SuperFerry 9 was a ferry owned by the Philippines-based carrier Aboitiz Transport System Corp (ATSC) and operated by their SuperFerry division.{{cite web|title=About Us |publisher=SuperFerry |url=http://www.superferry.com.ph/aboutus.asp |accessdate=September 7, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818032644/http://www.superferry.com.ph/aboutus.asp |archive-date=August 18, 2009 }} About 9 a.m. Sunday, September 6, 2009, she sank off the south-west coast of Zamboanga Peninsula with a total of 971 passengers and crew aboard.Evangelista, Katherine (September 6, 2009). [http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/regions/view/20090906-223813/Tilting-ship-in-Zambo-sinks Dozens missing as ship sinks in Zambo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090909085724/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/regions/view/20090906-223813/Tilting-ship-in-Zambo-sinks |date=September 9, 2009 }}. Philippine Daily Inquirer.

The ferry was travelling from the southern city of General Santos to Iloilo City in the central Philippines and capsized on the other side of the peninsular from Zamboanga City.[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-09/06/content_12003038.htm 88 missing after Philippine passenger ferry sinks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090910002824/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-09/06/content_12003038.htm |date=September 10, 2009 }}. Xinhua. September 6, 2009.

On Tuesday September 8, 2009 the last missing passenger was reported rescued and more up-to-date figures were provided by disaster response officials.[http://news.ph.msn.com/regional/article.aspx?cp-documentid=3572382] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090911230653/http://news.ph.msn.com/regional/article.aspx?cp-documentid=3572382 |date=September 11, 2009 }} Agence France-Presse 9 August 2009 4:54 am GMT The civil defence figures were corrected the following night by the ship owners.

On 6pm Wednesday September 9, 2009, 961 crew members and passengers have been accounted for. Regretfully, there are 10 fatalities. 10 names in the official manifest cannot be physically matched but we also have 10 persons rescued and physically accounted for, whose names are not in the manifest".{{Cite web |url=http://www.superferry.com.ph/news/news_view.asp?id=288 |title=Superferry Official Advisory, September 9, 6 pm|access-date=September 10, 2009 |archive-date=February 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226211748/http://www.superferry.com.ph/news/news_view.asp?id=288 |url-status=live }}

Design

The design places more emphasis on cargo carrying capacity. It is equipped with a large gantry crane on the deck, and features a wheelhouse that is one level higher. It is equipped with rampways on both sides of the stern and on the port bow, allowing trucks, passenger cars, etc. to be loaded onto the vehicle deck using a roll-on, roll-off system, while the bow deck is a container space where containers are loaded using a lift-on, lift-off system with a gantry crane.

Ship history

=Service History=

She was formerly the first generation “Ariake” of Ooshima Transportation Co. Ltd. of Japan, also known as A” Line. She was built at the Usuki Iron Works Saiki Factory as a replacement for the Naminoue Maru (3rd generation), and entered service on the Tokyo - Naze (Amami island) - Naha (Okinawa) route on August 30, 1986. With the entry into service of this ship, the Naminoue Maru was transferred to the Kagoshima route, and the Emerald Amami, which had previously been in service on the Kagoshima route, was retired and sold to Amami Kaiun, becoming the Ferry Amami (1st generation).

With the launch of the Ariake (2nd generation) , she was retired in September 1995, and was sold to William Lines Incorporated, and was refitted in Cebu City to become the fourth ship in the Mabuhay series of luxury ferries - the M/V Wilines Mabuhay 5. Even before sailing, she was already earmarked to replace the relatively slow M/V Maynilad in the Manila-Zamboanga-Davao route, with at least one newspaper already advertising this new development, promising “a totally different experience”.

However, before her maiden voyage, William Lines, merged with Gothong Lines and Aboitiz Shipping Corporation to form WG&A Philippines Inc, and she never sailed under William Lines, and she conducted her maiden voyage as a SuperFerry.

In 2007, when WG&A, now Aboitiz Transport System sold off their vessels; SuperFerry 15, 16, 17, and, 18, MV SuperFerry 9 was refurbished and rebuilt, reducing her passenger capacity for more cargo.

As a WG&A, and later, Aboitiz Transport System, vessel, she was assigned to different routes. Her final assignment brought her to General Santos, and she was on her way to Iloilo when the SuperFerry 9 capsized and sank near the Zamboanga Peninsula in the early hours of September 6th 2009.

=Previous problems=

SuperFerry 9 had encountered several mishaps prior to its sinking.{{cite news | title =SuperFerry 9: No Stranger to danger | work =GMA News | date =September 6, 2009 | url =http://www.gmanews.tv/story/171640/superferry-9-no-stranger-to-danger | accessdate =September 7, 2009 | archive-date =September 7, 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090907163142/http://www8.gmanews.tv/story/171640/superferry-9-no-stranger-to-danger | url-status =live }}

In April 2006, the ship experienced repeated engine problems that caused passengers to be delayed a day and a half at sea while on a trip from Bacolod City to Manila's South Harbor.{{cite news| title =SuperFerry 9 passengers finally arrive at South Harbor| work =GMA News| date =April 26, 2006| url =http://www.gmanews.tv/story/4820/superferry-9-passengers-finally-arrive-at-south-harbor| accessdate =September 7, 2009| archive-date =September 11, 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090911153455/http://www.gmanews.tv/story/4820/superferry-9-passengers-finally-arrive-at-south-harbor| url-status =live}}

In February 2007, engine problems stranded her at Daog Point on Negros Island while en route to Iligan City from Bacolod. She had to be towed back to port because of this mechanical failure.{{cite news | title =SuperFerry stalls near Negros | work =GMA News | date =February 20, 2007 | url =http://www.gmanews.tv/story/31373/update-superferry-stalls-near-negros | accessdate =September 7, 2009 | archive-date =September 11, 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090911153444/http://www.gmanews.tv/story/31373/update-superferry-stalls-near-negros | url-status =live }} As a result of this incident, the Maritime Industry Authority revoked the safety certificate for the vessel. The agency also ordered the ship's owner, Aboitiz, to keep the vessel in drydock and to perform appropriate repairs.{{cite news | title =SuperFerry stalls near Negros | work =GMA News | date =February 21, 2007 | url =http://www.gmanews.tv/story/31494/superferry-9-operations-halted-over-safety-issues%202/21/2007 | accessdate =September 7, 2009 | archive-date =September 11, 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090911153449/http://www.gmanews.tv/story/31494/superferry-9-operations-halted-over-safety-issues%202/21/2007 | url-status =live }}

On May 4, 2009 – about four months before the Zamboanga incident – the ship suffered from engine problems that caused 900 passengers to be stranded off Camiguin.{{cite news | title =SuperFerry ship with 900 passengers stranded off Camiguin | work =GMA News | date =April 5, 2009 | url =http://www.gmanews.tv/story/159767/superferry-ship-with-900-passengers-stranded-off-camiguin | accessdate =September 7, 2009 | archive-date =September 12, 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090912032900/http://www.gmanews.tv/story/159767/superferry-ship-with-900-passengers-stranded-off-camiguin | url-status =live }}

Sinking

On September 6, 2009, SuperFerry 9 sank off the southwest coast of Zamboanga peninsula with 971 people on board. The ferry was travelling from the southern city of General Santos to Iloilo City in the central Philippines and capsized approximately 150 kilometres from Zamboanga City.

Below is a timeline of events (all times local).

At 8:45 a.m. on September 5, 2009, SuperFerry 9 left General Santos bound for Iloilo City.
Between 3:00 and 4:00 a.m. on September 6, 2009, a distress signal was sent by Captain Jose Yap that the ship was listing to the starboard side. An hour later, he ordered the passengers to abandon ship.{{cite news | title =Dozens missing as ship sinks in Zambo |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer| date =September 6, 2009 | url =http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/regions/view/20090906-223813/Tilting-ship-in-Zambo-sinks | accessdate =September 7, 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090909085724/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/regions/view/20090906-223813/Tilting-ship-in-Zambo-sinks | archive-date =September 9, 2009 | url-status =dead }}{{cite news | title =9 dead, 926 rescued as ferry sinks off Zambo Peninsula | work =GMA News | date =September 6, 2009 | url =http://www.gmanews.tv/story/171617/9-dead-926-rescued-as-ferry-sinks-off-zambo-peninsula | accessdate =September 7, 2009 | archive-date =September 8, 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090908052147/http://www.gmanews.tv/story/171617/9-dead-926-rescued-as-ferry-sinks-off-zambo-peninsula | url-status =live }} Captain Yap was among those rescued in the disaster.
At 5:20 a.m. the MV Myriad, a cargo ship also owned by Aboitiz, arrived at the scene of the incident to render assistance. After an hour, half of the passengers had already been taken off SuperFerry 9 and had boarded several life rafts.
SuperFerry 9 sank sometime around 9:00 a.m., almost five hours after the first distress call was sent.

Initially the Coast Guard reported that the ship developed generator problems as soon as she left for Iloilo. According to Coast Guard chief Admiral Wilfredo Tamayo, initial reports said that the generator of SuperFerry 9 fluctuated several times. Passengers had reported loud heavy crashing noises and suggested cargo containers had moved in the hold damaging the hull.

On September 7, 2009, a military pilot reported an oil slick in the area where SuperFerry 9 sank. A containment ship was dispatched to the area. The vessel is believed to have settled on the seabed some 18 kilometres offshore at a depth of about 5000 metres.

As a result of the sinking, MARINA issued a suspension order September 7, grounding the whole fleet of ATSC. The company, however, successfully contested the whole of fleet order.{{cite news|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|last=Alave|first=Kristine|title=Aboitiz contests suspension order|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20090909-224326/Aboitiz-contests-suspension-order|date=September 9, 2009|accessdate=September 9, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912032820/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20090909-224326/Aboitiz-contests-suspension-order|archive-date=September 12, 2009|url-status=dead}}

= Naval assistance =

{{Cite web |url=http://navyspeak.blogspot.com/2009/09/updates-from-navy-contingent-in-sar.html |title=Navy Today: Philippine Navy Search and Rescue Operations on Superferry 9 Passengers |date=September 6, 2009 |access-date=September 18, 2009 |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708054505/http://navyspeak.blogspot.com/2009/09/updates-from-navy-contingent-in-sar.html |url-status=live }}

= Survivors, fatalities and assistance to victims =

Some of the 10 dead had been identified as of midnight on September 7. The ship's owner, Aboitiz Transport System Corp (ATSC), immediately arranged for medical, accommodation, counselling, and transport assistance, for the passengers and crew of the sunken vessel.

On September 7, 2009, survivor Lita Casumlum was found by search parties some eight miles (thirteen kilometers) from the site of the sinking.{{cite web|last=Gomez |first=Jim |title=Philippine ferry survivor found at sea |work=Sun Journal |publisher=The Associated Press |date=September 7, 2009 |url=http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/A/AS_PHILIPPINES_FERRY?SITE=NCBER&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT |accessdate=September 7, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912113751/http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/A/AS_PHILIPPINES_FERRY?SITE=NCBER&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT |archive-date=September 12, 2009 }}

The last remaining passenger was brought to shore by fishing vessel on Tuesday September 8, severely injured.

SuperFerry 1 with 56 rescued passengers bound for Manila arrived at 2pm on September 9. As at 6pm Wednesday September 9, 2009, SuperFerry had already repatriated 760 rescued passengers and crew from rescue sites and Zamboanga city to their respective desired destinations. There were 62 rescued passengers who were scheduled to be repatriated the same day. 106 passengers were scheduled to be repatriated starting the following day. 23 rescued passengers were still being treated in various hospitals.

The Philippine Government's Maritime Safety Office, MARINA, quickly announced that all passengers would be entitled to 50,000 pesos compensation as a result of the sinking. Embarrassingly, they later had to back down from this position because it was not supported by law.

= Inquiry =

Official inquiries have commenced. Because of the location of the sunken vessel in the Sulu Sea, and its extreme depth of 5 kilometres below sea level, the inquiries will take months to complete, if they are conducted properly.

Unfortunately, the Philippines does not have a comprehensive [https://web.archive.org/web/20030803202032/http://scaletext.law.gov.au/html/pasteact/3/3578/top.htm Transport Safety Investigation Act], such as other countries in the region have. In addition, no authority in the Philippines is responsible for undertaking comprehensive investigations of all maritime accidents.

In the case of the SuperFerry 9 sinking, two separate authorities are reported to be conducting investigations into the sinking. The Philippine Coast Guard says it will conduct a Board of Marine Inquiry into the sinking.{{Cite web |url=http://www.gmanews.tv/story/171925/coast-guard-eyes-1-month-probe-of-superferry-tragedy |title=Coast Guard eyes 1-month probe of SuperFerry tragedy - Nation - GMANews.TV - Official Website of GMA News and Public Affairs - Latest Philippine News |date=September 10, 2009 |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=September 12, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912032920/http://www.gmanews.tv/story/171925/coast-guard-eyes-1-month-probe-of-superferry-tragedy |url-status=live }} The Maritime Industry Authority also says it will conduct an inquiry into the sinking.{{Cite web |url=http://www.gmanews.tv/story/171753/arroyo-marina-lead-agency-in-probing-superferry-tragedy |title=Arroyo: Marina lead agency in probing SuperFerry tragedy - Nation - GMANews.TV - Official Website of GMA News and Public Affairs - Latest Philippine News |date=September 8, 2009 |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090911181233/http://www.gmanews.tv/story/171753/arroyo-marina-lead-agency-in-probing-superferry-tragedy |url-status=live }}

Whether one or both inquiries will be conducted, or whether either report will be comprehensive, remains to be seen. But given the Philippine government's prior history in this field,{{Cite web |url=http://www.gmanews.tv/story/116375/Sulpicio-bucks-BMI-findings-on-Princess-tragedy |title=Princess of the Stars inquiries |date=August 27, 2008 |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=March 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318033038/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/116375/news/nation/sulpicio-bucks-bmi-findings-on-princess-tragedy |url-status=live }} any comprehensive report at international best practice standard is unlikely.

The inherent safety of Ro-Ro vessels has been called into question in a number of Maritime Inquiries, especially in Europe, over the last 10 years or more. If there was a possibility of a design flaw in SuperFerry9, or any subsequent alteration to the vessel which could have compromised the inherent safety of the vessel, the wreck will need to be physically examined by experts. If the wreck is not thoroughly examined and comprehensive reports provided on it to any inquiry into the sinking, then any such Maritime Inquiry will be fundamentally flawed.

Given the large number of Ro-Ro vessels engaged in ferry transportation in the Philippines, and the current government's enthusiasm for Ro-Ro vessels, the question of inherent stability and safety, especially in high seas such as the Philippines experiences frequently each year, is of vital interest and importance to the Filipino travelling public.