Superposed order
{{Short description|Style of architectural order}}
File:Exterior of the Colosseum 01.JPG ]]
Superposed order (also superimposed){{cite web|title=Superimposed orders|url=http://en.mimi.hu/architecture/superimposed_orders.html|publisher=en.mimi.hu|accessdate=29 August 2016}} is one where successive storeys of a building have different orders.{{cite web|title=Superposed order|url=https://global.britannica.com/technology/superposed-order|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|publisher=global.britannica.com|accessdate=29 August 2016}} The most famous ancient example of such an order is the Colosseum at Rome, which had no less than four storeys of superposed orders.{{cite book|last1=Chitham|first1=Robert|title=The Classical Orders of Architecture|date=May 12, 2014|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|isbn=9781483278230|page=118}} The superposition rules were developed in ancient Greece and were also actively used in the architecture of ancient Rome. Later, the order was used in the architecture of the Renaissance and Baroque.
Composition
The heaviest orders are at the bottom of a building, whilst the lightest come at the top. This rule means that the Doric order is a preferred order for the ground floor, the Ionic order is used for the middle storey, while the Corinthian or the Composite order is used for the top storey. The ground floor may also have rustication. Initially, the top story usually featured the Composite order, but, after Vincenzo Scamozzi published his treatise L'idea dell'architettura universale (The Idea of a Universal Architecture, Venice, 1615), architects switched to the Corinthian order.{{cite web|title=СУПЕРПОЗИЦИЯ|url=http://www.rah.ru/science/glossary/detail.php?ID=19529&sphrase_id=26073|website=The Russian Academy of Arts |publisher=rah.ru|accessdate=29 August 2016|language=Russian}}
The superposed order allowed storeys without columns, but rearrangement of order styles was strictly forbidden.
Gallery
Bodleian Library 2 (5650412310).jpg|The Tower of The Five Orders at the Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford, completed in 1619, includes all the five Classical orders
Paris Les Invalides Dome Fassade 12.jpg|Portico of Les Invalides from Paris, an example of French Baroque architecture
Facade of the Église Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais, Paris 26 September 2016.jpg|Façade of the Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais from Paris
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/rchme/stamford/lxix-lxxxii#h3-0009 Superimposed and giant orders]
{{Classical orders}}
Category:Ancient Roman architectural elements
Category:Ancient Greek architecture