Supreme Council (Kyrgyzstan)
{{Short description|Unicameral parliament of Kyrgyzstan}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Supreme Council
| native_name = {{nativename|ky|Жогорку Кеңеш}}
{{nativename|ru|Верховный Совет}}
| legislature = 7th Supreme Council
| coa_pic = Logo of the Jogorku Kenesh.png
| coa_res = 225px
| house_type = Unicameral
| foundation =
- 1938 (Supreme Soviet of the Kirghiz SSR)
- 1990 (Supreme Council of the Kyrgyz Republic)
- 1994 (constitutionalized)
- 2007 (unicameralized)
| leader1_type = Speaker
| leader1 = Nurlanbek Shakiev
| party1 = Mekenchil
| election1 = 5 October 2022
| leader2_type = Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers
| leader2 = Adylbek Kasymaliev
| party2 = Ar-Namys
| election2 = 16 December 2024
| members = 90
| term_length = 5 years
| structure1 = 7th Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan.svg
| structure1_res = 280px
| political_groups1 = Majority (54)
- {{colorbox|{{party color|Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan}}|border=silver}} Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan (19)
- {{colorbox|{{party color|Mekenchil}}|border=silver}} Mekenchil (14){{Cite web |date=2022-10-06 |title=Часть депутатов покинула фракцию «Ата-Журт Кыргызстан» и объединилась в новую группу |url=https://rus.azattyk.org/a/32067656.html |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Радио Азаттык (Кыргызская служба Радио Свободная Европа/Радио Свобода) |language=ru}}
- {{colorbox|{{party color|Ishenim}}|border=silver}} Ishenim (12)
- {{colorbox|{{party color|Yntymak (political party)}}|border=silver}} Yntymak (9)
Others (36)
- {{colorbox|{{party color|Eldik}}|border=silver}} Eldik (13)
- {{colorbox|{{party color|Party of Veterans of the Afghan War}}|border=silver}} Afghans' Party (1)
- {{colorbox|{{party color|Alliance (Kyrgyz political party)}}|border=silver}} Alliance (7)
- {{colorbox|{{party color|Butun Kyrgyzstan}}|border=silver}} United Kyrgyzstan (6)
- {{colorbox|{{party color|Light of Faith (political party)}}|border=silver}} Light of Faith (5)
- {{colorbox|{{party color|Social Democrats (Kyrgyzstan)}}|border=silver}} Social Democrats (1)
- {{colorbox|{{party color|Independent politician}}|border=silver}} Independents (4)
| committees1 =
| voting_system1 = Parallel voting:
Party-list proportional representation (54 seats)
First-past-the-post (36 seats)
| last_election1 = 28 November 2021
| next_election1 = 2025
| session_room = File:White_House_in_Bishkek.jpg
| session_res = 300px
| meeting_place = Jogorku Kenesh Building, Bishkek
| website = {{URL|www.kenesh.kg}}
}}
{{Politics of Kyrgyzstan}}
The Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan, also known as the Jogorku Kenesh ({{langx|ky|Жогорку Кеңеш}}, {{IPA|ky|t͡ɕoʁoɾqʊ́ kʰeŋéɕ|IPA}}), is the unicameral parliament of Kyrgyzstan. Before Kyrgyzstan's independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, it was known as the Supreme Soviet of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic.
The parliament has 90 seats,{{Cite news|title=Five Takeaways From The Kyrgyz Parliamentary Elections|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/kyrgyzstan-elections-five-takeaways-pannier/31584007.html|access-date=2021-11-29|newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=29 November 2021 |language=en |last1=Pannier |first1=Bruce }} with members elected for a five-year term by two methods: party-list proportional voting (54 seats) and first-past-the-post voting (36 seats).
History
During Soviet rule, it was known as the Supreme Soviet of the Kirghiz SSR.
From August 1991, when Kyrgyzstan gained independence from the Soviet Union, until October 2007, when the Constitution was changed in a referendum, the Supreme Council consisted of the Legislative Assembly ({{lang|ky|Мыйзам Чыгаруу Жыйыны}}, {{lang|ky-latn|Myizam Chygaruu Jyiyny}}; {{lit|Upper House}}) and the Assembly of People's Representatives ({{lang|ky|Эл Өкүлдөр Жыйыны}}, {{lang|ky-latn|El Öküldör Jyiyny}}; {{lit|Lower House}}) with 60 and 45 members, respectively. The members of both houses were elected to five-year terms. In the Assembly of People's Representatives all 45 members were elected in single-seat constituencies; in the Legislative Assembly 45 members were elected in single-seat constituencies and 15 were elected through party lists.
Since October 2007, the Supreme Council is a unicameral legislature. Originally it consisted of 90 members, however when in 2010 President Kurmanbek Bakiyev was ousted during the Kyrgyz Revolution, a new Constitution was adopted, that increased the number of members to 120. Parties are limited to 65 seats in order to prevent power concentration. A vote on a new constitution cut the number of seats in the parliament by 25%, thereby returning to 90 seats.{{Cite news|title=Kyrgyz Voters Approve Constitutional Changes To Strengthen Presidency|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/kyrgyzstan-constitution-strengthen-japarov-presidency-/31197472.html|access-date=2021-11-29|newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=11 April 2021 |language=en}}
Electoral system
Out of the 90 seats in the Supreme Council, 54 are elected by proportional representation in a single nationwide constituency, and 36 in single-seat districts.{{Cite news|title=Kyrgyz President Signs Bill on Changes to Electoral Law|newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=27 August 2021 |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/kyrgyzstan-japarov-electoral-changes/31431056.html}} To win seats, parties must pass a national electoral threshold of 5% of the votes cast (down from 7% in the October 2020 elections),{{Cite web|last=Putz|first=Catherine|date=22 October 2020|title=Kyrgyzstan Punts on Elections to Pursue Constitutional Reforms|url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/10/kyrgyzstan-punts-on-elections-to-pursue-constitutional-reforms/|access-date=25 October 2020|website=The Diplomat|language=en-US}} and receive at least 0.5% of the vote in each of the seven regions.[http://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/2623/ Kyrgyz Republic: Election for Jorgorku Kenesh (Kyrgyz Supreme Council)] IFES The lists are open, with voters able to cast a single preferential vote. No one party is allowed to be given more than half of the proportional seats.{{cite web|title=Бирдиктүү шайлоо округу боюнча Кыргыз Республикасынын Жогорку Кеӊешинин депутаттарын шайлоонун алдын ала жыйынтыгы|url=https://shailoo.gov.kg/kg/news/5988/|access-date=29 November 2021|website=shailoo.gov.kg|language=ky|publication-date=}}.[http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2174_B.htm Electoral system] IPU Party lists are required to have at least 30% of the candidates from each gender, and every fourth candidate had to be of a different gender. Each list is also required to have at least 15% of the candidates being from ethnic minorities and 15% of under 35 years old, as well as at least two candidates with disabilities.{{Cite web |url=https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7361/file/Kyrgyzstan_Law_Presidential_JK_Elections_2011_am2017_en.pdf |title=THE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW On Presidential and Jogorku Kenesh Elections in the Kyrgyz Republic |access-date=2019-12-21 |archive-date=2020-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018045045/https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7361/file/Kyrgyzstan_Law_Presidential_JK_Elections_2011_am2017_en.pdf |url-status=dead }}
Speakers
The first legislature of Kyrgyzstan was Supreme Soviet until 1994.
Bicameral legislature was established in 1995, and replaced with unicameral legislature, Supreme Council, in 2005.{{Cite web |url=https://iacis.ru/eng/parliaments/parlamenty_uchastniki/jogorku_kenesh_of_the_kyrgyz_republic |title=Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic |access-date=2020-04-30 |archive-date=2020-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513184137/https://iacis.ru/eng/parliaments/parlamenty_uchastniki/jogorku_kenesh_of_the_kyrgyz_republic/ |url-status=dead }}
Chairmen of the Assembly of People's Representatives of Kyrgyzstan was the presiding officer of one of the two chambers of the Supreme Council.{{Cite web |url=http://whp057.narod.ru/kirgiz.htm |title=Киргизия |access-date=2010-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209092320/http://whp057.narod.ru/kirgiz.htm |archive-date=2010-02-09 |url-status=dead }}
| class="wikitable"
! Name ! Took office ! Left office |
| Almanbet Matubraimov
|29 March 1995 |26 November 1997 |
| Abdıganı Erkebayev
|26 November 1997 |April 2000 |
| Altay Borubayev
|25 April 2000 |24 March 2005 |
| Muratbek Mukashev
|24 March 2005 |25 March 2005 |
The Chairman of the Legislative Assembly of Kyrgyzstan was the presiding officer of one of the two chambers of the Supreme Council.
| class="wikitable"
! Name ! Took office ! Left office |
| Mukar Cholponbayev
|29 March 1995 |15 November 1996 |
| Usup Mukambayev
|15 November 1996 |14 April 2000 |
| Abdıganı Erkebayev
|15 April 2000 |24 March 2005 |
| Ishenbai Kadyrbekov
|24 March 2005 |25 March 2005 |
Chairmen of the Supreme Council since 2005. Annual compensation of the chairman is 975 000 soms.{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}}
{{Main|List of Chairmen of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan}}
Last elections
=2005 parliamentary election=
{{main|2005 Kyrgyz parliamentary election|Tulip Revolution}}
The 2005 Kyrgyz parliamentary elections were held in February and March 2005. More than 400 candidates ran for the new 75-member unicameral legislative assembly. There were two rounds of voting held on 27 February and 13 March. Six seats were won by opposition politicians. Most candidates were officially independent. International observers said the elections fell short of international standards for democratic elections in several important areas. Widespread protests over alleged rigging of the election by the government culminated in the Tulip Revolution on 24 March. Revolutionaries overthrew President Askar Akayev.
See also
- List of members of the Supreme Council (Kyrgyzstan), 2015–present
- List of Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet of the KSSR and the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan
- List of Chairmen of the Legislative Assembly of Kyrgyzstan
- List of Chairmen of the Assembly of People's Representatives of Kyrgyzstan
- Politics of Kyrgyzstan
- List of legislatures by country
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://www.kenesh.kg Parliament website]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20091205085305/http://ami.edu.kg/kyrgyzstan.html Kyrgyzstan information page on the website of Asian Medical Institute Kyrgyzstan]
- [http://www.oshmed.com/kyrgyzstan/kyrgyzstan.html Kyrgyzstan information page on the website of Medical Institute,Osh State University Kyrgyzstan]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{Years in Kyrgyzstan}}
{{Asia topic|Parliament of}}
{{National unicameral legislatures}}
Category:Government of Kyrgyzstan
Category:1938 establishments in the Soviet Union