Surazh, Vitebsk region
{{Short description|Urban-type settlement in Vitebsk Region, Belarus}}
{{for|similarly named places|Surazh (disambiguation){{!}}Surazh}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Surazh
|native_name = Сураж
|settlement_type = Urban-type settlement
|image_skyline = Suraž (01).png
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|image_shield = Coat of Arms of Suraž, Belarus.png
|shield_size = 75px
|flag_size = 150px
|pushpin_map = Belarus
|pushpin_map_caption =
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = Belarus
|subdivision_type1 = Region
|subdivision_name1 = Vitebsk Region
|subdivision_type2 = District
|subdivision_name2 =Vitebsk District
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|established_title = Established
|established_date = 1564
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 =
|area_land_km2 =
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|population_as_of = 2025
|population_total = 647
|population_metro =
|population_density_km2 =
|timezone = MSK
|utc_offset = +3
|timezone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|coordinates = {{coord|55|24|20|N|30|43|22|E|display=title,inline|region:BY_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}
|elevation_m =
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}}
Surazh ({{langx|be|Сураж|Suraž}}; {{langx|ru|Сураж}}) is an urban-type settlement in Vitebsk District, Vitebsk Region, Belarus.{{cite book |last1=Gaponenko |first1=Irina Olegovna |title=Назвы населеных пунктаў Рэспублікі Беларусь: Віцебская вобласць |date=2009 |location=Minsk |publisher=Тэхналогія |page=158 |isbn=978-985-458-192-7}} It is located approximately {{convert|45|km}} northeast from the city of Vitebsk. It is situated at the crossing of the Daugava (or Western Dvina) and Kasplya rivers. As of 2025, it has a population of 647.
History
{{Historical populations|align=left|1870|1738|1897|2731|2023|681|2024|672|2025|647|source={{cite web|url=https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/publications/izdania/public_bulletin/index_67469/|title=Численность населения на 1 января 2023 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2022 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417144107/https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/publications/izdania/public_bulletin/index_67469/|archive-date=17 April 2023|website=belsat.gov.by|access-date=5 October 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/solialnaya-sfera/naselenie-i-migratsiya/naselenie/statisticheskie-izdaniya/index_89355/|title=Численность населения на 1 января 2024 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2023 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402055418/https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/solialnaya-sfera/naselenie-i-migratsiya/naselenie/statisticheskie-izdaniya/index_89355/|archive-date=2 April 2024|website=belsat.gov.by|access-date=27 October 2024}}}}
The town was founded in 1564 by voivode of Witebsk Stefan Zbaraski on the order of King Sigismund II Augustus as a defensive stronghold against possible Muscovite attacks.{{cite book|author= |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XI|year=1890|language=pl|location=Warszawa|page=594}} In 1570 he granted various privileges, including two annual fairs to attract settlers. In 1580, Polish forces under hetman Jan Zamoyski stayed in the town before recapturing Velizh. In 1616, the town was burned down by Russian troops.
Following the First Partition of Poland (1772), it was annexed by Russia, and from 1802 it was administratively located in the Vitebsk Governorate. It hosted the main quarters of Napoleonic Viceroy of Italy Eugène de Beauharnais during the French invasion of Russia of 1812. In 1870 there were 70 craftsmen in the town, and in 1891 there were 67 industrial plants in the town, which employed 1,279 people. Two annual fairs were held in the town in the late 19th century. In 1897, the ethnic make-up, by mother tongue, was 51.5% Belarusian, 45.7% Jewish, and 2.1% Russian.{{cite book|author=|title=Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г.|volume=V|year=1903|language=ru|pages=76–79}}
=Jewish community=
Surazh was a shtetl, with a Jewish population of 1,246 in 1900.{{Cite web|url=https://www.jewishgen.org/Communities/community.php?usbgn=-1950345|title=Technical Problem Form}}
In 1917, there were 6 synagogues. All of them were wooden, except one made out of stone. There were 461 Jews in Surazh in 1939 (15.4 % of the total population).{{Cite web|url=http://yahadmap.org/#village/surazh-vitebsk-belarus.470|title = Yahad - in Unum}}
The village was under German occupation from 1941 to 1943. Einsatzkommando 9 carried out the murder of the Jews of Surazh in conjunction with an antipartisan operation. On August 12, 1941, between 600 and 750 Jews were gathered by the Germans on the location of the former printing office in Surazh. Then, they were taken and shot behind the linen factory, 2 km away from the village, in pits of the ravine, known as Loubtchyno. The bodies of the victims were exhumed and reburied after the war in the Jewish cemetery.
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{commons category|Suraž (Belarus)|Surazh}}
- [http://surazh.by/ Surazh administration website]
Category:Populated places in Vitebsk region
Category:Urban-type settlements in Belarus
Category:1564 establishments in Europe