Surrey and Sussex Junction Railway#Surrey and Sussex Junction Railway Act 1865

{{Infobox UK legislation

| short_title = Surrey and Sussex Junction Railway Act 1865

| type = Act

| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom

| long_title = An Act for making certain Railways from the London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway to the East Grinstead, Groombridge, and Tunbridge Wells Railway, and to the Brighton, Uckfield, and Tunbridge Wells Railway; and for other Purposes.

| year = 1865

| citation = 28 & 29 Vict. c. ccclxxix

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| royal_assent = 6 July 1865

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The railway originated as an independent scheme drawn up by several former officers and directors of the LB&SCR in 1864 to link Croydon to Tunbridge Wells, via Oxted. The intention was that the line, once built, would be worked by, or else leased to, the LB&SCR. An act of Parliament, the {{visible anchor|Surrey and Sussex Junction Railway Act 1865}} (28 & 29 Vict. c. ccclxxix), was granted in July 1865.{{sfn|Gould|2003|pp=6-7}}{{cite news |title= Closing of Parliament |date= 7 July 1865 |work= The Guardian |issue= 5893 |page= 3 }} It authorised the SSJR to build a railway from Croydon to Groombridge, where there was to be a junction with the East Grinstead to Tunbridge Wells line.{{sfn|Gould|2003|pp=6-7}}

The scheme was controversial as the SSJR was sponsored by the LB&SCR,{{sfn|Gould|2003|pp=6-7}}{{cite news |title= London, Brighton and South Coast Railway |date=22 August 1866 |work= The Morning Post |issue=28,922 |page= 2 }} but ran into parts of Surrey and East Sussex which were considered South Eastern Railway (SER) territory.{{sfn|Gould|2003|pp=6-7}}{{cite news |title= London, Brighton and South Coast |date= 30 January 1866 |work= The Standard |issue= 12942 |page= 6 }} In retaliation, the SER put forward proposals for a new "London, Lewes and Brighton" railway, together with the London Chatham and Dover Railway.{{sfn|Turner|1978|pp=171-172}}

{{Infobox UK legislation

| short_title = London, Brighton and South Coast and Surrey and Sussex Junction Railway Companies' Amalgamation Act 1869

| type = Act

| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom

| long_title = An Act for the amalgamation of the Surrey and Sussex Junction Railway with the London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway ; and for other Purposes.

| year = 1869

| citation = 32 & 33 Vict. c. lxxii

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| royal_assent = 12 July 1869

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Construction of the SSJR was slow, in part because of the 1866 financial panic caused by failure of Overend, Gurney and Company. In 1869, there was a riot at Edenbridge because Belgian navvies were being employed to build the line instead of local labourers.{{sfn|Gould|2003|pp=6-7}} A second act of Parliament, the {{visible anchor|London, Brighton and South Coast and Surrey and Sussex Junction Railway Companies' Amalgamation Act 1869}} (32 & 33 Vict. c. lxxii), was obtained to transfer the line formally to the LB&SCR,{{cite news |title= The money market |date= 26 July 1896 |work= The Guardian |issue= 7157 |page= 2 }} which immediately asked for powers to suspend works. The company paid a penalty of £32,250 and construction ceased immediately.{{sfn|Gould|2003|pp=6-7}}{{efn|Construction of the Ouse Valley Railway, which was to have linked Lindfield, Uckfield, Hailsham and Bexhill-on-Sea, was similarly abandoned by the LB&SCR in 1868.{{sfn|Gould|2003|pp=8-9}}}}

By the time works ceased in 1869, the SSJR had completed the brick, four-arch Woldingham Viaduct.{{sfn|Gray|1990|p=218}} Substantial progress had been made on the construction of the {{cvt|2267|yd|km|adj=mid|long}} Oxted Tunnel, although sources disagree as to whether breakthrough had been achieved.{{sfn|Gray|1990|p=218}}{{sfn|Kidner|1972|p=7}}{{sfn|Jackson|1999|pp=73-74}} Excavation of the Riddlesdown, Limpsfield and Mark Beech Tunnels had also begun.{{sfn|Gould|2003|pp=6-7}}

No work took place on the unfinished railway line until 1878, when the London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway (Croydon, Oxted, and East Grinstead Railways) Act 1878 authorised the Croydon, Oxted and East Grinstead (CO&EGR) railway. The new company took over much of the uncompleted SSJR trackbed between South Croydon and Hurst Green, from where its line would run south to {{rws|East Grinstead}}.{{sfn|Gould|2003|pp=8-9}}{{cite news |title= Imperial parliament |date= 18 June 1878 |work= The Standard |issue= 16818 |page= 2 }} The railway historian, Alan Jackson, writes that the {{cvt|10|mi}} of line north of Oxted was "practically identical" to the SSJR route.{{sfn|Jackson|1999|p=72}} However, the abandoned and incomplete Limpsfield Tunnel workings had collapsed and so a new tunnel was bored, immediately to the east.{{sfn|Turner|1978|p=169}}{{sfn|Turner|1979|p=28}} The Riddlesdown and Oxted Viaducts were constructed by the CO&EGR to a design by Henry Wallis using wrought iron girders, in preference to building in brick, as intended by the SSJR.{{sfn|Gould|2003|p=39}} The South Croydon–East Grinstead line finally opened to passenger traffic on 10 March 1884.{{sfn|Gould|2003|p=11}}{{cite news |title= Opening of the London and Brighton Company's new line to East Grinstead |date= 11 March 1884 |work= Daily News |issue= 11828 |page= 7 }}

The general alignment of the southern part of the SSJR (between Hurst Green and Groombridge) was followed by the Oxted and Groombridge Railway (O&GR), authorised in 1881.{{sfn|Gould|2003|p=9}} There were significant differences in the two routes, including the length of Mark Beech Tunnel, the construction of which was started by the SSJR. Originally intended to be {{cvt|1100|yd}} long, the tunnel was {{cvt|1338|yd}} long when completed by the O&GR.{{sfn|Turner|1978|p=169}} In 1884, the LB&SCR was authorised to acquire the O&GR and the line opened on 2 January 1888.{{sfn|Gray|1990|p=221}}{{sfn|Jackson|1999|p=70}}

{{notelist}}

{{reflist}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite book |last= Gould |first= David |title= The Croydon, Oxted & East Grinstead Railway |publisher= Oakwood Press |location= Usk |year= 2003 |isbn= 978-0-85-361598-9 }}
• {{cite book |last= Gray |first= Adrian |date= 1990 |title= South Eastern Railway |publisher= Middleton Press |location= Midhurst |isbn= 978-0-90-652085-7 }}
• {{cite book |last= Jackson |first= Alan A. |year= 1999 |title= The railway in Surrey |publisher= Atlantic Transport Publishers |location= Penryn |isbn= 978-0-90-689990-8 }}
• {{cite book |last= Kidner |first= R.W. |year= 1972 |title= The Oxted Line |publisher= Oakwood Press |location= Tarrant Hinton |isbn= 978-0-85-361103-5 }}
• {{cite book |last= Turner |first= J.T. Howard |year= 1978 |title= The London, Brighton & South Coast Railway |volume= 2 : Establishment and growth |publisher= B.T. Batsford |location= London |isbn= 978-0-71-341198-0}}
• {{cite book |last= Turner |first= J.T. Howard |year= 1979 |title= The London, Brighton & South Coast Railway |volume= 3 : Completion and maturity |publisher= B.T. Batsford |location= London |isbn= 978-0-71-341389-2}}

{{refend}}

Category:Railway companies established in 1864

Category:Pre-grouping British railway companies

Category:Rail transport in East Sussex

Category:Rail transport in Surrey

Category:History of East Sussex

Category:History of Surrey

Category:1864 establishments in England