Sutterella

Sutterella cells are 0.5 to 1 μm wide and 1 to 3 μm long. They exhibit bile resistance, are nitrate reducers, do not hydrolyze urea, and do not possess the cytochrome c oxidase enzyme. They are only able to be cultured in microaerophilic and anaerobic environments. The Sutterella genome encodes the sulfite reductase MccA.{{cite journal | vauthors = Simon J, Kroneck PM | title = Microbial sulfite respiration | journal = Advances in Microbial Physiology | volume = 62 | pages = 45–117 | date = 2013-01-01 | pmid = 23481335 | doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-410515-7.00002-0 | publisher = Academic Press | isbn = 9780124105157 | veditors = Poole RK }}

Imbalances in abundance of Sutterella species is correlated with a number of disordered health outcomes. Many of these are related to gut health though others are developmental and neurological disorders. Sutterella abundance has been positively correlated with irritable bowel disease, Crohn's disease,{{cite book | vauthors = Sarmento A, Simões CD | chapter = 1.31 - Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Chronic Intestinal Inflammation |date=2022-01-01 | title = Comprehensive Gut Microbiota |pages=423–441 | veditors = Glibetic M |place=Oxford |publisher=Elsevier |language=en |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-819265-8.00057-7 |isbn=978-0-12-822036-8 | s2cid = 237997272 }} and autism spectrum disorder.{{cite book | vauthors = Bostancıklıoğlu M, Demir T | chapter = 1.35 - Gut Dysbiosis and Neurological Disorders—An Eclectic Perspective |date=2022-01-01 | title =Comprehensive Gut Microbiota |pages=489–500 | veditors = Glibetic M |place=Oxford |publisher=Elsevier |language=en |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-819265-8.00041-3 |isbn=978-0-12-822036-8 }}{{cite book | first1 = Ranjith Kumar |last1 = Manokaran | first2 = Sheffali | last2 = Gulati| chapter = Chapter 24 - Gut–brain axis: role of probiotics in neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder |date=2022-01-01 | title = Probiotics in the Prevention and Management of Human Diseases |pages=353–362 | veditors = Dwivedi MK, Amaresan N, Sankaranarayanan A, Kemp EH |publisher=Academic Press |language=en |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-823733-5.00017-9 |isbn=978-0-12-823733-5 | s2cid = 244873592 }} Some studies have shown correlation between Sutterella abundance and severity of down syndrome, though not the onset of the syndrome itself.{{cite book | vauthors = Serra D, Almeida LM, Dinis TC | chapter = Chapter One - Polyphenols in the management of brain disorders: Modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis |date=2020-01-01 | title = Advances in Food and Nutrition Research |volume=91 |pages=1–27 | veditors = Toldrá F |publisher=Academic Press |language=en |doi=10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.08.001 | pmid = 32035595 | isbn = 9780128204702 | s2cid = 202000255 }} There is also some evidence to suggest that Sutterella may be implicated in the pathogensis of ulcerative colitis. However, Sutterella abundance is negatively associated with other disorders, such as multiple sclerosis.{{cite book | vauthors = Giri S, Mangalam A | chapter =Chapter 34 - The Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Multiple Sclerosis |date=2019-01-01 | title = Microbiome and Metabolome in Diagnosis, Therapy, and other Strategic Applications |pages=333–340 | veditors = Faintuch J, Faintuch S |publisher=Academic Press |language=en |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-815249-2.00034-8 |isbn=978-0-12-815249-2 | s2cid =91712800 }}

Sutterella has been found to be mildly pro-inflammatory{{cite journal | vauthors = Chengxiao Y, Dongmei W, Kai Z, Hou L, Xiao H, Ding T, Liu D, Ye X, Linhardt RJ, Chen S | display-authors = 6 | title = Challenges of pectic polysaccharides as a prebiotic from the perspective of fermentation characteristics and anti-colitis activity | journal = Carbohydrate Polymers | volume = 270 | pages = 118377 | date = October 2021 | pmid = 34364621 | doi = 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118377 }} and some research suggests this is due to an ability to degrade IgA.{{cite journal | vauthors = Beller A, Kruglov A, Durek P, von Goetze V, Werner K, Heinz GA, Ninnemann J, Lehmann K, Maier R, Hoffmann U, Riedel R, Heiking K, Zimmermann J, Siegmund B, Mashreghi MF, Radbruch A, Chang HD | display-authors = 6 | title = Specific microbiota enhances intestinal IgA levels by inducing TGF-β in T follicular helper cells of Peyer's patches in mice | journal = European Journal of Immunology | volume = 50 | issue = 6 | pages = 783–794 | date = June 2020 | pmid = 32065660 | doi = 10.1002/eji.201948474 | s2cid = 211135006 | doi-access = free | url = https://boris.unibe.ch/144687/1/Eur%20J%20Immunol%202020%20Beller-2.pdf }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Kaakoush NO | title = Sutterella Species, IgA-degrading Bacteria in Ulcerative Colitis | language = English | journal = Trends in Microbiology | volume = 28 | issue = 7 | pages = 519–522 | date = July 2020 | pmid = 32544438 | doi = 10.1016/j.tim.2020.02.018 | s2cid = 216340368 }} This may help explain its role in human health.

There have been a number of studies indicating that diet has an effect on Sutterella abundance in the gut. Prebiotics,{{cite journal | vauthors = Saygin D, Tabib T, Bittar HE, Valenzi E, Sembrat J, Chan SY, Rojas M, Lafyatis R | display-authors = 6 | title = Transcriptional profiling of lung cell populations in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension | journal = Pulmonary Circulation | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 103838 | date = 2020-03-01 | pmid = 32166015 | doi = 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103838 | pmc = 7052475 }} including artificial sweeteners,{{cite journal | vauthors = Lobach AR, Roberts A, Rowland IR | title = Assessing the in vivo data on low/no-calorie sweeteners and the gut microbiota | journal = Food and Chemical Toxicology | volume = 124 | pages = 385–399 | date = February 2019 | pmid = 30557670 | doi = 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.005 | s2cid = 56169802 | doi-access = free | url = https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/81337/1/LCS%202018.pdf }} pectic polysaccharides, and dietary fiber,{{cite book | vauthors = Delgado-Fernández P, Moreno FJ, Corzo N | chapter = 3.09 - Metabolism of Non-Digestible Dietary Carbohydrates |date=2022-01-01 | title = Comprehensive Gut Microbiota |pages=102–123 | veditors = Glibetic M |place=Oxford |publisher=Elsevier |language=en |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-819265-8.00090-5 |isbn=978-0-12-822036-8 | s2cid = 240592459 }} have been shown to alter the abundance of Sutterella species.

Sutterella was initially characterized by Wexler et. al. in 1996. Despite being mistaken for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campylobacter_gracilis?action=edit&redlink=1 Campylobacter gracilis], it was later determined that it had a number of distinguishing features; sequencing confirmed that it was a unique species most closely related to members of the order Burkholderiales and other Betaproteobacteria. This original strain was named Sutterella wadsworthensis, chosen to honor both the laboratory where it was discovered, the Wadsworth Anaerobe Laboratory, and its decades long director, Vera Sutter.{{cite journal | vauthors = Wexler HM, Reeves D, Summanen PH, Molitoris E, McTeague M, Duncan J, Wilson KH, Finegold SM | display-authors = 6 | title = Sutterella wadsworthensis gen. nov., sp. nov., bile-resistant microaerophilic Campylobacter gracilis-like clinical isolates | journal = International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology | volume = 46 | issue = 1 | pages = 252–258 | date = January 1996 | pmid = 8573504 | doi = 10.1099/00207713-46-1-252 | doi-access = free }}

In 2010, upon the discovery of the second species of Parasutterella, Parasutterella secunda, Morotomi et. al. proposed the reclassification of the closely related Sutterella and Parasutterella genera from Alcaligenaceae to a new and distinct family they named Sutterellaceae.

Sutterella megalosphaeroides{{cite journal | vauthors = Sakamoto M, Ikeyama N, Kunihiro T, Iino T, Yuki M, Ohkuma M | title = Mesosutterella multiformis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Sutterellaceae and Sutterella megalosphaeroides sp. nov., isolated from human faeces | journal = International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology | volume = 68 | issue = 12 | pages = 3942–3950 | date = December 2018 | pmid = 30394865 | doi = 10.1099/ijsem.0.003096 | s2cid = 53218485 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Oren A, Garrity GM | title = Notification that new names of prokaryotes, new combinations, and new taxonomic opinions have appeared in volume 68, part 12, of the IJSEM | journal = International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology | volume = 69 | issue = 3 | pages = 600–601 | date = March 2019 | pmid = 30829569 | doi = 10.1099/ijsem.0.003197 | s2cid = 73476383 | doi-access = free }}{{Cite web |title=Genus: Sutterella |url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/sutterella |access-date=2022-12-02 |website=lpsn.dsmz.de |language=en}}{{cite journal | vauthors = Schoch CL, Ciufo S, Domrachev M, Hotton CL, Kannan S, Khovanskaya R, Leipe D, Mcveigh R, O'Neill K, Robbertse B, Sharma S, Soussov V, Sullivan JP, Sun L, Turner S, Karsch-Mizrachi I | display-authors = 6 | title = NCBI Taxonomy: a comprehensive update on curation, resources and tools | journal = Database | volume = 2020 | issue = | date = January 2020 | pmid = 32761142 | pmc = 7408187 | doi = 10.1093/database/baaa062 }}

Sutterella parvirubra{{cite journal | vauthors = Sakon H, Nagai F, Morotomi M, Tanaka R | title = Sutterella parvirubra sp. nov. and Megamonas funiformis sp. nov., isolated from human faeces | journal = International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology | volume = 58 | issue = Pt 4 | pages = 970–975 | date = April 2008 | pmid = 18398204 | doi = 10.1099/ijs.0.65456-0 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Euzéby J | title = Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 58, part 4, of the IJSEM | journal = International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology | volume = 58 | issue = Pt 7 | pages = 1513–1514 | date = July 2008 | pmid = 18599684 | doi = 10.1099/ijs.0.2008/004069-0 | doi-access = free }}

Sutterella stercoricanis{{cite journal | vauthors = Greetham HL, Collins MD, Gibson GR, Giffard C, Falsen E, Lawson PA | title = Sutterella stercoricanis sp. nov., isolated from canine faeces | journal = International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology | volume = 54 | issue = Pt 5 | pages = 1581–1584 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15388713 | doi = 10.1099/ijs.0.63098-0 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = | title = Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 54, part 5, of the IJSEM | journal = International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology | volume = 55 | issue = Pt 1 | pages = 3–5 | date = January 2005 | pmid = 15653844 | doi = 10.1099/ijs.0.63563-0 | doi-access = free }}

Sutterella wadsworthensis{{cite journal | vauthors = Saygin D, Tabib T, Bittar HE, Valenzi E, Sembrat J, Chan SY, Rojas M, Lafyatis R | title = Transcriptional profiling of lung cell populations in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension | journal = Pulmonary Circulation | date = 2020 | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–15 | display-authors = 6 |doi=10.1177/2045894020908782 | pmid = 32166015 | pmc = 7052475 }}

Sutterella faecalis{{cite journal | vauthors = Oh BS, Kim JS, Yu SY, Ryu SW, Park SH, Kang SW, Park JE, Choi SH, Han KI, Lee KC, Eom MK, Suh MK, Kim HS, Lee DH, Yoon H, Kim BY, Lee JH, Lee JS, Lee JH | display-authors = 6 | title = Sutterella faecalis sp. nov., isolated from human faeces | journal = Journal of Microbiology | volume = 58 | issue = 2 | pages = 99–104 | date = February 2020 | pmid = 31993985 | doi = 10.1007/s12275-020-9396-9 | s2cid = 210937998 }}

Sutterella massiliensis

Candidatus Sutterella merdavium{{cite journal | vauthors = Gilroy R, Ravi A, Getino M, Pursley I, Horton DL, Alikhan NF, Baker D, Gharbi K, Hall N, Watson M, Adriaenssens EM, Foster-Nyarko E, Jarju S, Secka A, Antonio M, Oren A, Chaudhuri RR, La Ragione R, Hildebrand F, Pallen MJ | display-authors = 6 | title = Extensive microbial diversity within the chicken gut microbiome revealed by metagenomics and culture | journal = PeerJ | volume = 9 | pages = e10941 | date = 2021-04-06 | pmid = 33868800 | pmc = 8035907 | doi = 10.7717/peerj.10941 | doi-access = free }}

Sutterella seckii{{cite journal | vauthors = Dione N, Ngom II, Valles C, Cadoret F, Fournier PE, Raoult D, Lagier JC | title = {{'}}Collinsella provencensis{{'}} sp. nov., {{'}}Parabacteroides bouchesdurhonensis{{'}} sp. nov. and {{'}}Sutterella seckii{{'}}, sp. nov., three new bacterial species identified from human gut microbiota | journal = New Microbes and New Infections | volume = 23 | pages = 44–47 | date = May 2018 | pmid = 29556409 | pmc = 5854914 | doi = 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.02.003 }}

Sutterella timonensis

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Category:Burkholderiales

Category:Bacteria genera