Svapa
{{Short description|River in Kursk Oblast, Russia}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Svapa
| name_other = {{lang|ru|Свапа}}
| image = Kopyonki2.jpg
| image_caption = A reservoir along the river
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 7
| source1_location = {{ill|Podsoborovka|ru|Подсоборовка}}
| source1_coordinates = {{coord|52|18|43|N|36|07|41|E|region:RU}}
| mouth_location = Seym
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|51|44|16|N|34|56|44|E|region:RU|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = Russia
| length = {{convert|197|km|abbr=on}}
| source1_elevation =
| discharge1_avg =
| river_system = Dnieper Basin
| basin_size = {{convert|4,990|km2|abbr=on}}
| progression = Svapa → Seym → Desna → {{RDnieper}}
| extra =
}}
The Svapa ({{langx|ru|Свапа}}) is a river in Kursk Oblast, Russia, with a total length of {{convert|197|km}} and a basin size of {{convert|4990|km2}}.{{Cite journal |author1=Y. A. Bugrov |author2=M. S. Lagutych |publisher=Большая Курская энциклопедия (Great Kursk Encyclopedia) |title=Свапа |url=https://vivaldi.nlr.ru/bv000070089/view/#page=188 |location=Kursk |year=2011 |volume=3 |journal=Естественная история. Природа |page=185 |isbn=978-5-8386-0150-6 |archive-date = December 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213145409/https://vivaldi.nlr.ru/bv000070089/view#page=188 |lang=ru}}
History
In 1976, the Mikhailovskoye Reservoir was built on the Svapa River at the confluence with the Bely Nemyod. This reservoir is mainly used for agriculture in Kursk and Oryol Oblasts.{{Cite web |title= Михайловское водохранилище |date=April 22, 2020 |publisher=Federal Agency for Water Resources |url=http://voda.mnr.gov.ru/reservoirs/detail.php?ID=7300}}
In 2018, in an effort to protect the local flora and fauna, such as those listed in the Red Data Book, the area around the source of the Svapa River became designated as a natural monument.{{Cite web |title= Урочище Большой курган и истоки Свапы |publisher=Protected areas of Russia |url=http://oopt.aari.ru/oopt/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%B8-%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8B}} There used to also be two other natural monuments along the river: "Pustosh-Koren" in Zheleznogorsky District{{Cite web |title=Пустошь-Корень |publisher=Protected areas of Russia |url=http://oopt.aari.ru/oopt/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%8C-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C-0}} and "Artesian Spring" near the village of {{ill|Gnan|ru|Гнань}},{{Cite web |title= Артезианский источник |publisher=Protected areas of Russia |url=http://oopt.aari.ru/oopt/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA-0}} but they were both abolished in 2009.
Characteristics
The river begins near the village of {{ill|Podsoborovka|ru|Подсоборовка}}, then travels west along the border between Oryol Oblast and Kursk Oblast.{{Cite web |title=Свапа |publisher=Малая Курская энциклопедия |date=2008 |url=https://mke.su/wide.html |archive-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221222504/https://mke.su/ |lang=ru}} The river passes through the town of Dmitriev, before merging into the Seym.{{Cite book |title=Свапа́ |publisher=членов СНГ |date= |page=326 |url=https://rosreestr.ru/upload/Doc/21-upr/237%20%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%A1%D0%9D%D0%93.pdf |isbn=5-86066-017-0}}
The floodplain of the Svapa contains many swamps, and the largest massifs are concentrated in the middle and lower regions of the river.{{Cite encyclopedia |author=Prokhorov, Alexander |title=Свапа |encyclopedia=Great Soviet Encyclopedia}} The water along the river is quite clean and transparent. During the winter months from November to December, the Svapa freezes up, and usually defrosts by mid-April.