Swami Kumaranand

Kumaranand hailed from a Bengali family in Rangoon; his father was the Commissioner of the Burmese capital. Kumaranand went to Dacca and Calcutta to obtain higher education. After meeting Swami Satyananda of Utkal, Kumaranad became involved in revolutionary activities in 1905. He also visited China in 1910 and met with Sun Yat-Sen. Following his stay in China he traveled to Calcutta, where he was arrested. He remained imprisoned for nine years. In total, he would spend 30 years of his life in jail (both during and after British rule).

Following a meeting with Mahatma Gandhi, Kumaranand moved to Beawar around 1920{{cite book|author=Rakhahari Chatterji|title=Unions, politics, and the state: a study of Indian labour politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=quorAAAAIAAJ|year=1980|publisher=South Asian Publishers|pages=52–53}} in order to organised resistance against British rule there. He cooperated with Indulal Yagnik in organising a Kisan (Peasant) Conference in Beawar in 1921.

Kumaranand became a member of the All India Congress Committee in 1920, and was a key figure in the left-wing of the Congress.{{cite book|author=Jagdish Saran Sharma|title=Encyclopaedia Indica|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hWtDAAAAYAAJ|year=1981|publisher=S. Chand|page=649}} Together with Maulana Hasrat Mohani, he co-tabled the first motion to call for full Independence for India at the Ahmedabad session of the AICC in 1921, a move Gandhi rejected at the time. Kumaranand was noted for having distributed copies of the Communist Manifesto at the event.Hindustan Times. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131125011138/http://www.hindustantimes.com/comment/sitaramyechury/bonds-that-do-not-bind/article1-1092957.aspx Bonds that do not bind] He was one of the leading figures of the Salt Satyagraha in Beawar, and was arrested for his role in this agitation.{{cite book|author=Rajasthan (India)|title=Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Ajmer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qM5hAAAAIAAJ|year=1966|publisher=Printed at Government Central Press|page=659}}

Kumaranand organised a trade union of textile mill workers in 1931, the Mill Mazdoor Sabha, with workers from three mills. This union was short-lived, as it met stern resistance from mill owners. In 1936 Kumaranand founded the Textile Labour Union. This union also failed to make any major impact.{{cite book|author=G. L. Gaur|title=Trade unionism and industrial relations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pO0uAAAAMAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications|page=66}}

At the Indian National Congress session of 1939, Kumaranand supported the candidature of Subhas Chandra Bose. Kumarand was arrested in 1943, following civil disobedience actions.{{cite book|author=K. S. Saxena|title=The Political Movements and Awakening in Rajasthan: 1857 to 1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wUoMAAAAIAAJ|year=1971|publisher=S. Chand|page=235}} Following his release from prison, he joined the Communist Party of India in 1945. In the same year, he became the founding president of the Central India and Rajputana Trade Union Congress.{{cite book|author=P. P. Bhargava|title=Trade union dynamism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tVXtAAAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Printwell|pages=56–57}} In 1948, after Independence, he was jailed again. In 1949 he organised the first clandestine conference of the CPI in Rajputana.

Kumaranand contested the Beawar seat in the 1957 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election. He finished in second place, with 10,400 votes (40.68%).Election Commission of India. [http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Rajasthan_1957.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1957 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF RAJASTHAN] He was arrested following the central government employees' strike of July 1960.{{cite book|author=All-India Trade Union Congress|title=Five Glorious Days, July 12–16, 1960: Central Government Employees' Strike|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3oY-AAAAIAAJ|year=1960|publisher=AITUC|page=139}} Kumaranand won the Beawar seat in the 1962 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, with 11,681 votes (37.18%).Election Commission of India. [http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Rajasthan_1962.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1962 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF RAJASTHAN] His election was facilitated by the inside the Beawar Congress Party between Brij Mohan Lal Sharma and Chiman Singh Lodha.{{cite book|title=The Political Science Review, Vol. 12, Part 3–4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OIokAQAAIAAJ|year=1973|publisher=Department of Political Science, University of Rajasthan|page=222}} During Kumaranand's first visit to the Legislative Assembly after being elected, the Chief Minister Mohanlal Sukhadia greeted him and touched his feet as a sign of respect.webindia123. [http://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20120303/1939473.html History of freedom movement re-lived at Kumaranand Hall]

In 1975 the Swami Kumaranand Smarak Samiti ('Swami Kumaranand Memorial Society') was established. Statues of Kumaranand stand in Jaipur and Beawar.Mainstream. [http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article2016.html Prabhash Joshi and the RTI Movement] In 2012 the CPI inaugurated 'Swami Kumaranand Bhavan' as its Rajasthan state headquarters in Jaipur. Rajasthan Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot, CPI leaders A.B. Bardhan, S. Sudhakar Reddy, and Atul Kumar Anjan and

CPI(M) leader Vasudev Sharmatook part in the ceremony.

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Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Rajasthan

Category:1889 births

Category:1971 deaths

Category:Trade unionists from West Bengal

Category:Rajasthan MLAs 1962–1967

Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal

Category:Communist Party of India politicians from West Bengal