Swamp Works

File:VIew inside the NASA KSC Swamp Works.jpg

File:Rob Mueller and Buzz Aldrin with RASSOR.jpgastronaut and moonwalker Buzz Aldrin about the space mining robot RASSOR developed by the KSC Swamp Works.]]

The Swamp Works' main facility is the high bay in KSC's Engineering Development Lab, which was formerly the Astronaut Training Building during the NASA Apollo program. The building is where Apollo astronauts practiced working with the Lunar Module for lunar landings and extravehicular activities. During the Space Shuttle era it was used as a destination for bus tours from the KSC Visitor Complex. After the visitor complex decided it no longer needed the facility, it was handed back to NASA and was renovated for Swamp Works. The high bay was furnished with a lunar soil testing facility,{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PLiPOxaM9k4Its9YdBaWDHGLzMNkAjFM18&time_continue=4&v=MVwRtTkQ_tM|title=X-Prize Moon Rover Testing|website=YouTube for Discovery Channel Canada|language=en|access-date=2018-08-22}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.floridatoday.com/story/news/2014/01/05/nasa-brings-moon-indoors-to-kennedy-space-center/4325785/|title=NASA brings moon indoors to Kennedy Space Center|website=Florida today|language=en|access-date=2018-08-22}} the "Big Bin", which is thought to be the world's largest indoor, climate controlled lunar regolith chamber and contains 120 tons of BP-1 simulated lunar soil.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/nasa_tm_2010_216444.pdf|title=Preliminary Geological Findings on the BP-1 Simulant|website=NASA|language=en|access-date=2018-08-22}} The simulated soil is a finely crushed basalt from Black Point, Arizona, that has mechanical properties matching lunar soil.{{Cite journal|last1= Rahmatian|first1=Laila |last2=Metzger|first2=Philip |author-link2=Philip T. Metzger |title=Soil Test Apparatus for Lunar Surfaces |date=2010 |journal=Earth & Space 2010: 12th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments |pages=239–253 |doi=10.1061/41096(366)25 |arxiv=2306.01080 |isbn=9780784410967 }} The facility has four 3D printers and an adjacent machine shop with lathes, drill presses, a CNC Router, and other equipment to enable rapid iterative prototyping. The facility also includes an Innovation Space where employees are encouraged to work informally in the upstairs loft.{{cite web|title=Back to the Future: KSC Swamp Works|date=August 12, 2013|author=Kerry Ellis|url=https://appel.nasa.gov/2013/08/12/back-to-the-future-ksc-swamp-works/ |website=NASA.gov|access-date=March 1, 2025}}

File:NASA's Regolith Advanced Surface Systems Operations Robot (RASSOR).jpg

The Granular Mechanics and Regolith Operations (GMRO) Lab combines theoretical and experimental granular mechanics with applied robotics to operate with the soil on other planetary bodies, known as regolith. GMRO develops technologies to mine, convey, extract resources from, manufacture with, and construct infrastructure, like buildings and rocket landing pads, from regolith. GMRO also develops self-cleaning connectors for the dusty lunar and martian environments, performs research into rocket blast effects for landing or launching on the surfaces of the Moon, Mars or asteroids, and has developed a miniature space mining robot called the Regolith Advanced Surface Systems Operations Robot (RASSOR).{{Cite web|url=https://technology.nasa.gov/patent/KSC-TOPS-7|title=Regolith Advanced Surface Systems Operations Robot (RASSOR) Excavator|website=NASA Technology Transfer Program|language=en|access-date=2018-08-22}} RASSOR has fore-and-after counter-rotating bucket drums to dig in soil in almost zero gravity. The GMRO Lab is involved in organizing and judging the NASA Robotic Mining competition,{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/offices/education/centers/kennedy/technology/nasarmc.html|title=NASA Robotic Mining Competition|website=NASA|language=en|access-date=2018-08-22}} held annually at the Kennedy Space Center each May, and the Swarmathon University Challenge for swarming robots.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-swarmathon-college-student-swarming-robotics-competition|title=NASA Swarmathon University Challenge|website=NASA|language=en|access-date=2018-08-22}} GMRO also built the KSC Hazard Field at the north end of the Space Shuttle's runway, which is a field of simulated craters and boulders in sandy regolith.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/ground/morpheus_test.html|title=Look Out for Those Rocks! |website=NASA|language=en|access-date=2018-08-22}} The hazard field was used by the Morpheus Lander project for flight tests in 2013-2014. The GMRO Lab has a large industrial robot arm used for printing buildings from lunar or martian (simulated) regolith mixed with recycled plastic.

{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasas-exploration-plans-include-living-off-the-land|title=NASA's Exploration Plans Include Living Off the Land|website=NASA|language=en|access-date=2018-08-22}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.engineering.com/DesignSoftware/DesignSoftwareArticles/ArticleID/17358/Autodesk-and-NASA-Team-Up-for-Space-Habitats-with-Earthly-Spin-Offs.aspx|title=Autodesk and NASA Team Up for Space Habitats with Earthly Spin-Offs|website=Engineering.com|language=en|access-date=2018-08-22}}

File:Carlos Calle demonstrating Electrodynamic Dust Shield to the NASA Chief Technologist.jpg

The Electrostatics and Surface Physics Lab (ESPL) develops technologies related to the unique physics that occur at material surfaces, leveraging it for applications in space. It developed an Electrodynamic Dust Shield that uses electrostatic forces that shift locations to sweep lunar or Martian dust from spacecraft surfaces.{{Cite web|url=http://astropreneurs.space/2018/03/22/astropreneurs-meet-nasas-swamp-works/|title=Astropreneurs meet NASA's Swamp Works|website=Astropreneurs: The ultimate resource for space entrepreneurs|language=en|access-date=2018-08-22}} It created sensors that can be mounted into the wheels of planetary rovers to measure the spectrometry of tribocharging as an identification tool for the minerals it is driving over.{{cite journal |last1= Johansen |first1=M.R. |last2=Phillips |first2=J.R. |last3= Kelley |first3=J.D. |last4= Mackey |first4=P.J. |last5= Holbert |first5=E. |last6= Clements |first6=J.S. |last7= Calle |first7=C.I. |date=2014 |title=A Feasibility Study Of The Wheel Electrostatic Spectrometer |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20140010802 |journal=Proc. ESA Annual Meeting on Electrostatics 2014 |access-date=2018-08-22 }} It is also working on graphene as an energy storage medium.{{cite journal |last1= Mackey |first1=Paul |last2=Calle| first2=Carlos |last3= Johansen |first3=Michael |last4= Hogue |first4=Michael |last5=Holbert |first5=Eirick |last6=Kaner |first6=Richard |last7=El-Kady |first7=Maher |last8=Wang |first8=Lisa |last9=Hwange |first9=Jee Youn |date=2015-04-14 |title=Graphene-based Energy Storage Devices for Space Applications|url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20150011118.pdf |journal=Lunar Surface Applications Workshop |access-date=2018-08-22 }} The ESPL and GMRO Lab worked together to develop a Mars Entry Heat Shield made out of regolith bonded by high temperature polymer.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/news/regoltihheatshield.html|title=Researchers Look to Alien Soils for Heat Shield|website=Kennedy Space Center|language=en|access-date=2018-08-22}} It could be made on the Martian moon Phobos then attached to a spacecraft from Earth to land on Mars, resulting in a cost savings for Mars missions.{{Cite web|url=http://www.planetary.brown.edu/planetary/geo287/PhobosDeimos/Nov30.html|title=Lecture slides: Phobos-Deimos In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU)|website=Brown University Planetary Geosciences Group|language=en|access-date=2018-08-22}}

File:RESOLVE lunar prospecting payload in field testing.jpgThe Applied Chemistry Lab develops technologies to support launch activities on the Kennedy Space Center and for use on the surfaces of the Moon, Mars or asteroids. Technologies for terrestrial ground operations include toxic vapor detection and environmental remediation. Technologies for use in space include chemical extraction of resources from lunar or Martian soil, recycling packing materials from space launch to create methane and other needed gases, and development of payload instruments for prospecting lunar ice.{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencefriday.com/articles/getting-ready-to-live-off-the-land-on-mars/|title=Getting Ready To Live Off The Land…On Mars|website=Science Friday|language=en|access-date=2018-08-22}}

The Life Support and Habitation Systems team develops technologies in four main areas. The first is recovery and recycling of water onboard spacecraft. The second is controlling the trace amounts of chemicals such as ammonia that could build up in a spacecraft's enclosed atmosphere. The third is characterizing the microbial content of solid waste during space missions. The fourth is producing food through plant growth. The lab developed and operates the payload VEGGIE on board the International Space Station, which uses LED lighting at specific frequencies to cause plant growth with minimum energy.{{Cite web|url=https://www.space.com/30209-astronauts-eat-space-lettuce.html|title=Astronauts Snack on Space-Grown Lettuce for First Time |website=Space.com|language=en|access-date=2018-08-22}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/content/veggie-plant-growth-system-activated-on-international-space-station|title=Veggie Plant Growth System Activated on International Space Station |website=NASA|language=en|access-date=2018-08-22}}

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• Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Program
• JPL
• NASA Eagleworks

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• [https://kscpartnerships.ksc.nasa.gov Swamp Works website]

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Category:Laboratories in the United States

Category:Space technology

Category:Space technology research institutes

Category:Kennedy Space Center

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