Syburi

{{Short description|Malay state of Kedah during Thai occupation in World War II}}

{{Infobox Former Subdivision

|native_name = ไทรบุรี

|conventional_long_name = Saiburi (Syburi)

|common_name = Syburi

|subdivision = Province

|nation = Thailand

|year_start = 1943

|year_end = 1945

|date_start = 18 Oct 1943

|date_end = 2 Sep 1945

|event_start = Japan hands over Kedah to Thailand

|event_end = Thailand returns annexed territories to United Kingdom

|p1 = Japanese occupation of Malaya

|flag_p1 = Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg

|s1 = British Military Administration (Malaya)

|flag_s1 = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg

|image_flag = Flag of Thailand.svg

|flag_type =

|image_coat = Coat of arms of Kedah.svg

|symbol_type = Coat of arms{{cite web |title=THAILAND 1944 OCCUPATION OF MALAYA KEDAH, 'SYBURI' 10C |url=https://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/thailand-1944-occupation-malaya-kedah-167896996 |access-date=2 September 2021}}

| anthem = Phleng Chat Thai
File:Phleng Chat Thai (instrumental) - The Orchestra of the Fine Arts Department (1958).oga

|symbol = Flag and coat of arms of Kedah

|image_map = Map of Siam (territorial cessions).svg

|image_map_caption = Map of Thailand's territorial losses, used as a justification for the annexation

|capital = Alor Setar

|today = Malaysia

}}

Syburi ({{langx|th|ไทรบุรี}};{{cite journal|journal=ราชกิจจานุเบกษา|volume=118|issue=ตอนพิเศษ 117ง|pages=2|title=ประกาศราชบัณฑิตยสถาน เรื่อง กำหนดชื่อประเทศ ดินแดน เขตการปกครอง และเมืองหลวง (พ.ศ. 2544) |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2544/E/117/2.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128061223/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2544/E/117/2.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 28, 2009|date=26 November 2001 |language=Thai}} {{RTGS|Sai Buri}}, meaning "City of the Banyan") is the name for the Malay state of Kedah returned to Thailand when the Japanese occupied British Malaya during World War II.

History

{{see also|Japanese occupation of Malaya#Thai annexation of northern Malay states}}

File:Siam 1900 V2.png

General Plaek Phibunsongkhram signed a secret agreement with the Empire of Japan on 14 December 1941 and committed the Thai armed forces to participate in the planned Malayan Campaign and Burma Campaign. An alliance between Thailand and Japan was formally signed on 21 December 1941. On 25 January 1942, the Thai government, believing the Allies beaten, declared war on the United States and the United Kingdom. As a reward for entering into a military alliance with the Japanese, the latter agreed to return to Thailand the four Malayan provinces ceded to the British in 1909, Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan, and Terengganu, as well as parts of Shan State in British Burma.[http://2bangkokforum.com/archive/index.php/t-922.html Thailand in Malaya] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20140828064225/http://2bangkokforum.com/archive/index.php/t-922.html |date=2014-08-28 }}{{cite web |title=สงครามมหาเอเซียบูรพา - จากวันวีรไทย ถึง วันประกาศสงคราม |work=samphan |publisher=I See History dot com |url=http://iseehistory.socita.com/index.php?lay=show&ac=article&Id=538711078&Ntype=1 |date=September 2009 |accessdate=8 August 2010 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225014154/http://iseehistory.socita.com/index.php?lay=show&ac=article&Id=538711078&Ntype=1 |url-status=dead }}

In July 1943, Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo announced that Kedah (along with Perlis, Kelantan and Terengganu) were to be returned to Thailand as part of the military alliance signed between Thailand and Japan on 21 December 1941.

From 18 October 1943 until the surrender of the Japanese at the end of the war, Kelantan, Terengganu, Kedah and Perlis were under Thai administration. On 2 September 1945, Kedah and the three other states were returned to the British.

People from Syburi have interacted with people from Phuket and Nakhon Si Thammarat and the result has been a number of marriages between Buddhists and Muslims.Gavin W. Jones, Chee Heng Leng, Maznah Mohamad eds. Muslim-Non-Muslim Marriage: Political and Cultural Contestations in Southeast Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2009. p. 197

Administration

Administrative services were carried out by Thai civil servants who were under military supervision. The Japanese authorities retained a great degree of control.[https://web.archive.org/web/20140903140749/http://2bangkokforum.com/showthread.php?922-Saiburi-Samuk&s=5d71e61ccb8a0af8e9e664bc608766a3 Prof. Madya Dr. Mohd. Isa Othman The Second World War and the Japanese Invasion of Kedah]

===Japanese Governors===