Symphony No. 12 (Mozart)
{{Short description|1771 symphony by W. A. Mozart}}
File:Portrait of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart at the age of 13 in Verona, 1770.jpg
Symphony No. 12 in G major, K. 110/75b, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was composed in Salzburg in the summer of 1771. The symphony was apparently prepared in anticipation of Mozart's second Italian journey, which was to take place between August and December 1771.Zaslaw, pp. 209–212 The symphony is in four movements, the opening allegro being the longest movement that Mozart had written to that date. It is the first of a group of works "painted on a larger canvas and achieving a greater individuality than his earlier exuberant pieces".Kenyon, p. 156
Movements and instrumentation
The instrumentation is: strings, 2 oboes, 2 horns in G, 2 flutes, 2 bassoons, continuo.
:
\relative c' {
\tempo "Allegro"
\key g \major
\time 3/4
g4\f b' c |
d4. e8 d4 |
g,,4 c' d |
e4. f8 e4 |
g,,4 b' c |
d8( g) g( b) b( d) |
d2
}
- Allegro, {{music|time|3|4}}
- Andante, {{music|time|2|2}}
- Menuetto and Trio, {{music|time|3|4}}
- Allegro, {{music|time|2|4}}
The minuet features a canon between high and low strings at the interval{{clarify|date=April 2025|reason=Interval? Is 'space' meant?}} of a single bar. Mozart likely learned this technique from Joseph Haydn's 23rd Symphony from 1764 (also in G major).H. C. Robbins Landon, Haydn: Chronicle and Works, 5 vols, (Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press, 1976-) v. 1, Haydn: the Early Years, 1732–1765 {{page needed|date=April 2025}}
Performance details
There are no confirmed details as to first performance. It is possible that this symphony was first played at a concert in Milan, on 22 or 23 November 1771. This concert may also have seen the premiere of Mozart's 13th symphony.
References
{{reflist}}
Sources
- Kenyon, Nicholas: The Pegasus Pocket Guide to Mozart Pegasus Books, New York 2006 {{ISBN|1-933648-23-6}}
- Zaslaw, Neal: Mozart's Symphonies: Context, Performance Practice, Reception Oxford University Press, Oxford 1991 {{ISBN|0-19-816286-3}}
External links
- {{NMA|97|97|98|19|{{noitalic|Symphony in G, KV 110}}|bullet=no}}
- {{IMSLP|work=Symphony No.12 in G major, K.110/75b (Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus)|cname=Symphony No. 12 (W. A. Mozart)}}
{{Mozart symphonies}}
{{Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart}}
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