Symphyotrichum oolentangiense
{{Short description|Species of flowering plant in family Asteraceae}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use shortened footnotes|date=July 2021}}
{{Use American English|date=July 2021}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Symphyotrichum_oolentangiense_inflorescense.jpg
| image_caption = Inflorescence, Ontario, Canada
| range_map = Symphyotrichum oolentangiense distribution.png
| range_map_alt = Symphyotrichum oolentangiense native distribution map: Canada — Ontario, Mexico — Coahuila, US — Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin.
| range_map_caption = Native distribution{{sfn|POWO|2019}}{{sfn|Brouillet|Semple|Allen|Chambers|2006}}
| status = G5
| status_system = TNC
| status_ref = {{sfn|NatureServe|2021}}
| display_parents = 5
| parent = Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum
| taxon = Symphyotrichum oolentangiense
| authority = (Riddell) G.L.Nesom{{sfn|POWO|2019}}
| synonyms_ref = {{sfn|POWO|2019}}
| synonyms =
Basionym
- Aster oolentangiensis {{small|Riddell}}
{{Species list|header=Alphabetical list
| hidden=yes
| Aster azureus | Lindl.
| Aster azureus f. incarnatus | Farw.
| Aster azureus f. laevicaulis | Fernald
| Aster azureus var. poaceus | (E.S.Burgess ex Small) Fernald
| Aster azureus var. scabrior | Engelm. ex Small
| Aster capillaceus | E.S.Burgess
| Aster capillaris | E.S.Burgess
| Aster oolentangiensis f. incarnatus | (Farw.) A.G.Jones
| Aster oolentangiensis var. laevicaulis | (Fernald) A.G.Jones
| Aster oolentangiensis var. poaceus | (E.S.Burgess) A.G.Jones
| Aster poaceus | E.S.Burgess
| Aster vernalis | Engelm. ex E.S.Burgess
| Symphyotrichum oolentangiense var. laevicaule | (Fernald) Mohlenbr.
| Symphyotrichum oolentangiense var. poaceum | (E.S.Burgess) G.L.Nesom
}}
}}
Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (formerly Aster oolentangiensis and Aster azureus), commonly known as skyblue aster{{sfn|USDA |2014}} and azure aster,{{sfn|Brouillet|Semple|Allen|Chambers|2006}} is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to eastern North America.
Description
The plants are {{convert|20|to|150|cm|ft|abbr=off|sp=us|frac=4}} tall with one to several herbaceous stems. The alternate and simple leaves have a rough texture. The composite flowers, produced between August and October, have blue to violet rays.{{sfn|Brouillet|Semple|Allen|Chambers|2006}}
File:Symphyotrichum_oolentangiense_leaf.jpg
File:Symphyotrichum oolentangiense 4922157.jpg showing many involucres]]
Taxonomy
American botanist John Leonard Riddell originally described this species in a publication dated to April 1835 as Aster oolentangiensis{{sfn|IPNI|2020b}} after finding it in forests on the Olentangy River near Worthington, Ohio. Riddell originally misspelled the name of the river with two Os.{{sfn|Riddell|1835}} The synonym Aster azureus has also been used, but this was not published until November 1835, so Riddell's epithet has priority.
Along with many other species, Symphyotrichum oolentangiense was formerly included in the genus Aster. However, this broad circumscription of Aster is polyphyletic, and the North American asters are now classified in Symphyotrichum and several other genera.{{sfn|Semple|2021}}
Distribution and habitat
Symphyotrichum oolentangiense is found in prairies, open woodlands, savannahs and other open habitats. It occurs widely in the Midwestern United States and in eastern prairies, from Texas to Minnesota. It also extends into Mexico in Coahuila and to Ontario in Canada.{{sfn|Brouillet|Semple|Allen|Chambers|2006}} The species is endangered in New York.{{sfn|Young|Spencer|Ring|2013}}
Ecology
The flowers attract a wide variety of insect species, including bees, bee flies, butterflies, beetles, and others. A wide variety of herbivorous insects also consume the vegetation. The seeds are dispersed by wind. The species is typical of higher quality natural areas, especially those with disturbances such as wildfire.{{sfn|Hilty|2016}}
Notes
{{Reflist|group=note|refs=
{{#tag:ref|The name Aster azureus was published in the Companion to the Botanical Magazine 1: 98.{{sfn|IPNI|2020a}} The cover page only dates this to 1835; this part was published in November.{{sfn|Stafleu|Cowan|1979}}|group=note|name=note1
}}
}}
Citations
{{Reflist|20em}}
References
{{refbegin}}
- {{Cite eFloras
| 1
| 250067666
| volume = 20
| date = 2006
| last1 = Brouillet | first1 = L. | author-link1 = Luc Brouillet
| last2 = Semple | first2 = J.C. | author-link2 = John C. Semple
| last3 = Allen | first3 = G.A. | author-link3 = Geraldine A. Allen
| last4 = Chambers | first4 = K.L. | author-link4 = Kenton Lee Chambers
| last5 = Sundberg | first5 = S.D. | author-link5 = Scott D. Sundberg
| language = en
| access-date = 22 January 2020
}}
- {{Cite Illinois Wildflowers
| prairie/plantx/skyblue_asterx
| Skyblue Aster
| first1 = J.
| ref = {{SfnRef|Hilty|2016}}
| website = Illinois Wildflowers (www.illinoiswildflowers.info)
| access-date = 22 January 2020
}}
- {{Cite IPNI
| author1 = IPNI
| date = 2020a
| id = 180733-1
| taxon = Aster azureus
| authority = Lindl.
| language = en
| access-date = 22 January 2020
}}
- {{Cite IPNI
| author1 = IPNI
| date = 2020b
| id = 181895-1
| taxon = Aster oolentangiensis
| authority = Riddell
| language = en
| access-date = 22 January 2020
}}
- {{Cite web
| author1 = NatureServe | author-link1 = NatureServe
| date = 2 July 2021
| title = Symphyotrichum oolentangiense Sky Blue Aster
| url = https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129933/Symphyotrichum_oolentangiense
| website = explorer.natureserve.org
| language = en
| location = Arlington, Virginia
| access-date = 5 July 2021
}}
- {{Cite web
| author1 = POWO | author-link1 = Plants of the World Online
| date = 2019
| title = Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell) G.L.Nesom
| url = http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:981870-1
| website = powo.science.kew.org
| publisher = Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
| language = en
| access-date = 5 July 2021
}}
- {{Cite journal
| last1 = Riddell | first1 = J.L. | author-link1 = John Leonard Riddell
| date = 1835
| title = Synopsis of the flora of the western states
| journal = Western Journal of the Medical and Physical Sciences
| volume = 8
| pages = 490–556
| language = en
}}
- {{Cite web
| last1 = Semple | first1 = J.C. | author-link1 = John C. Semple
| date = 27 April 2021
| title = An overview of "asters" and the Tribe Astereae
| url = https://uwaterloo.ca/astereae-lab/research/asters
| website = www.uwaterloo.ca
| location = Ontario
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210527015756/https://uwaterloo.ca/astereae-lab/research/asters
| archive-date = 27 May 2021
| url-status = live
| language = en
| access-date = 6 July 2021
}}
- {{Citation
| last1 = Stafleu | first1 = F.A.
| last2 = Cowan | first2 = R.S.
| date = 1979
| contribution = 3005. Companion to the Botanical Magazine
| title = Taxonomic Literature: A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types (H–Le)
| volume = II
| pages = 293–294
| publication-place = Utrecht
| publisher = Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema
| contribution-url = https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/tl-2/browse.cfm?vol=2#page/319
| language = en
| access-date = 22 January 2020
| mode = cs1
}}
- {{Cite PLANTS|ref = {{sfnRef|USDA|2014}}
| date = 2014
| id = SYOO
| taxon = Symphyotrichum oolentangiense
| language = en
| access-date = 6 December 2015
}}
- {{Cite web
| last1 = Young | first1 = S.M.
| last2 = Spencer | first2 = E.
| last3 = Ring | first3 = R.M.
| date = 2 April 2013
| title = Online Conservation Guide for Sky-blue Aster (Symphyotrichum oolentangiense)
| url = http://acris.nynhp.org/guide.php?id=36186
| website = acris.nynhp.org
| publisher = New York Natural Heritage Program
| language = en
| access-date = 1 August 2018
}}
{{refend}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q15555426|from2=Q38782815|from3=Q85200829}}
Category:Flora of the United States