Synallaxis

{{Short description|Genus of birds}}

{{For|Greek mythological figure|Synallaxis (mythology)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Synallaxis unirufa.jpg

| image_caption = Rufous spinetail (Synallaxis unirufa)

| taxon = Synallaxis

| authority = Vieillot, 1818

| type_species = Synallaxis ruficapilla

| type_species_authority = Vieillot, 1819

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = see list

| synonyms =

| synonyms_ref = {{citation needed|date=}}

}}

Synallaxis is a genus of birds in the ovenbird family, Furnariidae. It is one of the most diverse genera in the family and is composed of small birds that inhabit dense undergrowth across tropical and subtropical habitats in the Neotropical region. Some species show contrasting plumage patterns involving rufous crown and wing patches and black throat patches but they are difficult to see as they keep ensconced in vegetation most of the time. Most species show the long graduated tail with pointy feathers that is typical of spinetails. They are also characterized by constructing large domed nests with stick, including a long entrance tube. Some species can be difficult to distinguish from one another on the basis of their plumage, but can be told apart by their vocalizations, which can be quite distinctive.{{cite journal | doi=10.1525/auk.2009.08036 | title=A New Species of Spinetail (Furnariidae:Synallaxis) from the Río Orinoco of Venezuela | year=2009 | last1=Hilty | first1=Steven L. | last2=Ascanio | first2=David | journal=The Auk | volume=126 | issue=3 | pages=485–492 | s2cid=84059408 | doi-access=free }}

Taxonomy

File:Synallaxis albescens -Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8.jpg]]

The genus Synallaxis was introduced in 1818 by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot.{{ cite book | last=Vieillot | first=Louis Pierre | author-link=Louis Pierre Vieillot | year=1818 | title=Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. | edition=Nouvelle édition | volume=24 | location=Paris | publisher=Deterville | page=117 | doi=10.5962/bhl.title.20211 | language=French |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45177361 }} The name is from the Ancient Greek sunallaxis meaning "exchange".{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=376 |url=https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n376/mode/1up }} Vieillot did not specify a type species but in 1840 George Gray designated the rufous-capped spinetail.{{ cite book | last=Gray | first=George Robert | author-link=George Robert Gray | year=1840 | title=A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus | location=London | publisher=R. and J.E. Taylor | page=17 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13668911 }}{{ cite book | editor-last=Peters | editor-first=James Lee | editor-link=James L. Peters | year=1951 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=7 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | location=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=80 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14480417 }}

The genus contains 37 species:{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2023 | title=Ovenbirds, woodcreepers | work=IOC World Bird List Version 13.2 |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/ovenbirds/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=6 August 2023 }}

class="wikitable"
ImageScientific nameCommon NameDistribution
125pxOchre-cheeked spinetailSynallaxis scutataBrazil, eastern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina
125pxGrey-bellied spinetailSynallaxis cinerascenssouthern Brazil, eastern Paraguay,
Uruguay and Selva Misionera
125pxPlain-crowned spinetailSynallaxis gujanensisGuianas, southern Amazonia and Colombia
125pxAraguaia spinetailSynallaxis simoniGoiás
125pxWhite-lored spinetailSynallaxis albiloraPantanal
125pxMaranon spinetailSynallaxis maranonicalower Marañón River
125pxGreat spinetailSynallaxis hypochondriacaupper Marañón River
125pxChinchipe spinetailSynallaxis chichipensisChinchipe and Maranon river
125pxNecklaced spinetailSynallaxis stictothoraxTumbes
125pxRusset-bellied spinetailSynallaxis zimmeriwestern Peru
125pxSlaty spinetailSynallaxis brachyuraCentral America and Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena
125pxSilvery-throated spinetailSynallaxis subpudicaCordillera Oriental (Colombia)
125pxRed-shouldered spinetailSynallaxis hellmayriCaatinga
125pxRufous-capped spinetailSynallaxis ruficapillasouthern Atlantic Forest
125pxBahia spinetailSynallaxis cinereaBahia
125pxPinto's spinetailSynallaxis infuscataPernambuco forests
-Dusky spinetailSynallaxis moestaeastern Northern Andes
125pxMcConnell's spinetailSynallaxis macconnellitepuis and Guiana Shield
125pxCabanis's spinetailSynallaxis cabanisieastern Central Andes
125pxCinereous-breasted spinetailSynallaxis hypospodiaCerrado, Caatinga and central Southern Amazonia
125pxSpix's spinetailSynallaxis spixinortheastern Brazil to northeastern Argentina
-Dark-breasted spinetailSynallaxis albigulariswestern Amazonia
125pxRio Orinoco spinetailSynallaxis beverlyaeVenezuela
125pxPale-breasted spinetailSynallaxis albescensSouth America
125pxSooty-fronted spinetailSynallaxis frontaliscentral/eastern South America
125pxAzara's spinetailSynallaxis azaraeAndes
125pxApurimac spinetailSynallaxis courseniAmpay
125pxWhite-whiskered spinetailSynallaxis candeinorthern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela
125pxRufous-breasted spinetailSynallaxis erythrothoraxsoutheastern Mexico and norther Central America
125pxHoary-throated spinetailSynallaxis kollariBranco River and tributaries
125pxBlackish-headed spinetailSynallaxis tithysTumbes
125pxRusty-headed spinetailSynallaxis fuscorufaSierra Nevada de Santa Marta
125pxRufous spinetailSynallaxis unirufanorthern Andes
Black-throated spinetailSynallaxis castaneacentral Venezuelan Coastal Range
125pxStripe-breasted spinetailSynallaxis cinnamomeamountains of northeastern Colombia and Venezuela ;
Trinidad-and-Tobago
125pxRuddy spinetailSynallaxis rutilansAmazonia
125pxChestnut-throated spinetailSynallaxis cherrieiAmazonia (scattered range)

Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species as species within the genus Synallaxis:

  • White-browed spinetail (as Synallaxis gularis){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=3FACD55E6DCC281C|title=Hellmayrea gularis – Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=15 April 2017}}
  • Chotoy spinetail (as Synallaxis phryganophila){{cite journal|last1=Derryberry|first1=Elizabeth P.|last2=Claramunt|first2=Santiago|last3=Derryberry|first3=Graham|last4=Chesser|first4=R. Terry|last5=Cracraft|first5=Joel|last6=Aleixo|first6=Alexandre|last7=Pérez-Emán|first7=Jorge|last8=Remsen Jr.|first8=J. V.|last9=Brumfield|first9=Robb T.|title=Lineage diversification and morphological evolution in a large-scale continental radiation: the Neotropical ovenbirds and woodcreepers (Aves: Furnariidae)|journal=Evolution|volume=65|issue=10|year=2011|pages=2973–2986|issn=0014-3820|doi=10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01374.x|pmid=21967436| doi-access=free|bibcode=2011Evolu..65.2973D }}
  • White-bellied spinetail (as Synallaxis propinqua){{cite journal | last=Claramunt | first=Santiago | title=Phylogenetic relationships among Synallaxini spinetails (Aves: Furnariidae) reveal a new biogeographic pattern across the Amazon and Paraná river basins|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=78 | year=2014 | pages=223–231 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2014.05.011| pmid=24867462 | bibcode=2014MolPE..78..223C }}

References

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