Synonymy in Japanese
{{refimprove|date=March 2018}}
There are many synonyms in Japanese because the Japanese language draws from several different languages for loanwords, notably Chinese and English, as well as its own native words. In Japanese, synonyms are called dōgigo (kanji: 同義語) or ruigigo (kanji: 類義語).{{Cite news|url=https://blogs.transparent.com/japanese/learning-synonyms-in-japanese/|title=Learning Synonyms in Japanese|access-date=2018-01-19}}
Full synonymy, however, is rare. In general, native Japanese words may have broader meanings than those that are borrowed, Sino-Japanese words tend to suggest a more formal tone, while Western borrowed words more modern.{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2T1E9_HTrfkC&pg=PT61 |title= The Routledge Course in Japanese Translation|author=Yoko Hasegawa|chapter=2.1.3 Synonymy |date= 13 May 2013|publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781136640872 }}
''Yamato kotoba'' vs. ''kango'' vs. ''gairaigo''
The table below compares native Japanese words, inherited from Old Japanese – yamato kotoba – with words borrowed from Chinese – kango – and loanwords from other languages – gairaigo.
class="wikitable"
|+ !Yamato kotoba !Kango !Gairaigo !Meaning |
大きさ / おおきさ / ōkisa
|大小 / だいしょう / daishō |サイズ / saizu |size |
速さ / はやさ / hayasa
|速度 / そくど / sokudo |スピード / supīdo |speed |
殺し屋 / ころしや / koroshiya
|殺人者 / さつじんしゃ / satsujinsha |キラー / kirā |killer |
Native synonyms
class="wikitable"
!Word #1 (kanji+hiragana / hiragana only / rōmaji) !Word #2 !Meaning |
食べる / たべる / taberu
|食う / くう / kuu |to eat |
走る / はしる / hashiru
|駆ける / かける / kakeru |to run |
話す / はなす / hanasu
|喋る / しゃべる / shaberu |to talk |