Synonymy in Japanese

{{refimprove|date=March 2018}}

There are many synonyms in Japanese because the Japanese language draws from several different languages for loanwords, notably Chinese and English, as well as its own native words. In Japanese, synonyms are called dōgigo (kanji: 同義語) or ruigigo (kanji: 類義語).{{Cite news|url=https://blogs.transparent.com/japanese/learning-synonyms-in-japanese/|title=Learning Synonyms in Japanese|access-date=2018-01-19}}

Full synonymy, however, is rare. In general, native Japanese words may have broader meanings than those that are borrowed, Sino-Japanese words tend to suggest a more formal tone, while Western borrowed words more modern.{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2T1E9_HTrfkC&pg=PT61 |title= The Routledge Course in Japanese Translation|author=Yoko Hasegawa|chapter=2.1.3 Synonymy |date= 13 May 2013|publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781136640872 }}

''Yamato kotoba'' vs. ''kango'' vs. ''gairaigo''

The table below compares native Japanese words, inherited from Old Japaneseyamato kotoba – with words borrowed from Chinesekango – and loanwords from other languages – gairaigo.

class="wikitable"

|+

!Yamato kotoba

!Kango

!Gairaigo

!Meaning

大きさ / おおきさ / ōkisa

|大小 / だいしょう / daishō

|サイズ / saizu

|size

速さ / はやさ / hayasa

|速度 / そくど / sokudo

|スピード / supīdo

|speed

殺し屋 / ころしや / koroshiya

|殺人者 / さつじんしゃ / satsujinsha

|キラー / kirā

|killer

Native synonyms

class="wikitable"

!Word #1 (kanji+hiragana / hiragana only / rōmaji)

!Word #2

!Meaning

食べる / たべる / taberu

|食う / くう / kuu

|to eat

走る / はしる / hashiru

|駆ける / かける / kakeru

|to run

話す / はなす / hanasu

|喋る / しゃべる / shaberu

|to talk

References