Synuclein

The synuclein family includes three known proteins: alpha-synuclein, beta-synuclein, and gamma-synuclein. Interest in the synuclein family began when alpha-synuclein was found to be mutated in several families with autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease.{{cite journal |vauthors=Polymeropoulos MH, Lavedan C, Leroy E, Ide SE, Dehejia A, Dutra A, etal | title=Mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson's disease. | journal=Science | year= 1997 | volume= 276 | issue= 5321 | pages= 2045–7 | pmid=9197268 | doi= 10.1126/science.276.5321.2045 | url=https://zenodo.org/record/1231112 }}

All synucleins have in common a highly conserved alpha-helical lipid-binding motif with similarity to the class-A2 lipid-binding domains of the exchangeable apolipoproteins. Synuclein family members are not found outside vertebrates, although they have some conserved structural similarity with plant 'late-embryo-abundant' proteins.

• Alpha-synuclein {{InterPro|IPR002460}}
• Beta-synuclein {{InterPro|IPR002461}}
• Gamma-synuclein {{InterPro|IPR002462}}

Normal cellular functions have not been determined for any of the synuclein proteins. Some data suggest a role in the regulation of membrane stability and/or turnover.{{cite journal | author = Kara E | title = An integrated genomic approach to dissect the genetic landscape regulating the cell-to-cell transfer of α-synuclein | journal = Cell Reports | volume = 35 | issue = 10| year = 2021 | page = 109189 | doi = 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109189 | pmid = 34107263 | pmc = 8207177 }} Mutations in alpha-synuclein are associated with early-onset familial Parkinson's disease and the protein aggregates abnormally in Parkinson's disease, Lewy body disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases.{{cite journal|vauthors=Mezey E, Dehejia A, Harta G, Papp MI, Polymeropoulos MH, Brownstein MJ | title=Alpha synuclein in neurodegenerative disorders: murderer or accomplice? | journal=Nat Med | year= 1998 | volume= 4 | issue= 7 | pages= 755–7 | pmid=9662355 | doi=10.1038/nm0798-755 | s2cid=46196799 | url=https://zenodo.org/record/1233447 }}{{cite journal | author = Goedert M | title = Alpha-synuclein and neurodegenerative diseases | journal = Nat. Rev. Neurosci. | volume = 2 | issue = 7 | pages = 492–501 |date=July 2001 | pmid = 11433374 | doi = 10.1038/35081564 | s2cid = 2792701 }} The gamma-synuclein protein's expression in breast tumors is a marker for tumor progression.{{cite journal |vauthors=Ji H, Liu YE, Jia T, Wang M, Liu J, Xiao G, etal | title=Identification of a breast cancer-specific gene, BCSG1, by direct differential cDNA sequencing. | journal=Cancer Res | year= 1997 | volume= 57 | issue= 4 | pages= 759–64 | pmid=9044857 | url=http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/57/4/759 }}{{cite journal |vauthors=Bruening W, Giasson BI, Klein-Szanto AJ, Lee VM, Trojanowski JQ, Godwin AK | title = Synucleins are expressed in the majority of breast and ovarian carcinomas and in preneoplastic lesions of the ovary | journal = Cancer | volume = 88 | issue = 9 | pages = 2154–63 |date=May 2000 | pmid = 10813729| doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(20000501)88:9<2154::AID-CNCR23>3.0.CO;2-9 | doi-access = free }}

SNCA; SNCB; SNCG;

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• {{MeshName|Synucleins}}

{{Nerve tissue protein}}

Category:Protein domains

Category:Protein families

Category:Peripheral membrane proteins

Category:Neuropathology

{{membrane-protein-stub}}